Physics Past Paper Notes November 2024 PDF

# Thursday 14 November 2024 Prior knowledge (physics) ## Star word: - **Force**: A push, pull or twist that can change the shape, speed or direction of an object. Newtons (N) - **Contact Force**: need objects to be physically touching - **Non contact**: act over a distance - **Balanced forces**: e...

# Thursday 14 November 2024 Prior knowledge (physics) ## Star word: - **Force**: A push, pull or twist that can change the shape, speed or direction of an object. Newtons (N) - **Contact Force**: need objects to be physically touching - **Non contact**: act over a distance - **Balanced forces**: equal in size and opposite in direction. - **Unbalanced forces**: they are not equal - **Speed**: the distance covered per unit of time. - **distance/ time** - S x T = D - D / S T = D - **acceleration** - **Non contact force** - **Contact force** - **Magnetic** - **Thermal** - **Kinetic** - **Current** - **Friction** - **Gravity** # Thursday 14 November 2024 Forces ## Keywords: - speed - distance - Sl units - average speed - Stationary **Speed** is how much distance is covered per unit time. - **Friction**: force that resists things rubbing against each other. against motion. eg of contact, push or pull - **Air Resistance:** Force that slows things down when they are moving. eg of contact - **Magnetism**: force between magnets or between magnets or magnetic objects. Contact - **Weight / Gravity:** that pulls objects towards eachother. Non Contact, pull - **Tension:** strain force caused by an object being stretched. pull - **Upthrust:** force that pushes things up in the air contact, push - **Water Resistance:** slows things down when they are moving through water contact, Push # Monday 18th November 2024 Scalars and vectors ## Keywords: - Scalar - vector - speed - velocity - distance - displacement ## Star words : - **Scalar**: is a quantity that only has magnitude (size) - **Vector**: is a quantity that has magnitude (size) and direction. - **Scalar**: eg distance, speed, energy - **Vector**: eg displacement, velocity, acceleration, force. **Distance**: is the length of the path between two points. - **Distance / Time = Speed** **Velocity** is speed in a given direction. - **Velocity = Displacement / Time** **Displacement** is how far an object is from its original position or a point of reference in a given direction. # Displacement - 'apart' or 'location' - How far an object is from its original position or a point of reference. eg. A hiker walks 2000 metres North before realising they have followed the wrong path. They then walk 4000 metres south. The whole journey took 2000 seconds. What is the distance covered by the hiker? 2000m + 4000m = 6000m What is the average speed of the hiker ? - **Speed = Distance / Time** Speed = 6000m /2000s Speed = 3m/s 400 +1200 = 1600 (1600 + (800m+800)) 1600 + 1600 = 3200 3200/800 = 4 m/s # 9 A runner runs 400 meters west then 800m South. Then they run ook west again * for 1200m / before finishing with 800m North. The whole run tock 800 seconds. eg. A hiker walks 2000 metres North before realising they have followed the wrong path. They then walk 4000 metres South. The whole journey took 2000 seconds. What is the displacement of the hiker? 2000 m South What is the velocity of the hiker ? - **Velocity = Displacement / Time** Velocity = 2000m south / 2000s Velocity = 1m/s south 400 + 1200 = 1600 *1600m west Velocity = 1600m / 800s Velocity = 2 m/s west # Tuesday Accuracy and Precision Wednesday 20 November 19th November ## Key words : - Ba resultant - vector - scale - horizontal - vertical - component # Resultant Vectors - How do you find the resultant vectors are acting in the same direction - in opposite directions - Perpendicular to each other - **100N** - **150N** - vectors acting in the same direction are **added** together. - vectors acting in opposite directions are **subtracted** - The resultant vectors of single vectors acting perpendicular to each other can be determined using a scale drawing. - **45N** - **30°** - **10°** - **73.5N** at 28° below horizontal We can also find the resultant of two forces that are not acting perpendicular to each other we will also use a vector diagram to scale in this case. - **1cm = 10N** - **65N** - **80°** - **59N** - **100N** - **50N** - **37°** - **W** - **S** - **E** - **N** Which direction could the single forces been acting in? North east Could these forces have been the same size? No, its not 45° # The components of a resultant vector acting at an angle can be determined using a scale drawing. 1. Choose a suitable scale to use for the scale drawing. (eg. 1N = 1cm) 2. Use a protractor to measure the given angle and mark this on your page. 3. use your scale to draw the resultant at this angle 4. Draw dotted lines to make a right-angled triangle on either side of the resultant (which together make a rectangle). 5. Measure the length of the horizontal and vertical components. 6. Use your scale to determine the actual magnitudes of these components and give their directions. # Thursday 21st November 2024 ## Newton's third law ## Starword: - Newton's third law: states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. ## Key coords: - action - reaction - exert 1. Difference between scalar and vector quantities. Scalar quantities have magnitude (size) only whereas vector quantities have magnitude and direction. ## Resultant Forces - If forces are acting in the same direction, they are added together if they are in opposite directions, they are subtracted and if they are acting perpendicular to each other the resultant can be found using a scale drawing. # Name _______ Date _______ ## Resultant Forces 1. Calculate the size and direction of the resultant force: - **A** 10N 30° 20N - **B** 30N 30N 20N - **C** 14N 14N 28N 27N 2. Calculate the size and direction of the resultant forces: - **A** 25N 34N - **B** 30N 30N 20N - **C** 16N 30N 16N 12N - **D** 34N 48N 28N 9N - **19N** 28N 9N 3. Shade all the pairs of balanced forces in Q1 and Q2. 4. Explain the motion of the parachutist in Q1B. - **The speed will remain unchanged** 5. Explain the motion of the parachutist in Q1A. - **To favoring gravity It goes down** 6. A student looks at Q2A and says that the bike is not moving. Do you agree with them? Explain your choice. - **No, because its moving in a steady speed. Yes because ** - **1cm = 1N 6cm** - Fy = 6N x sin 20° = 2.05 - FH = 6N x COS 20° = 5.64 - **1cm = 0.72N 10cm** - Fy = 7.2N x sin 74°=198 - FH = 7.2N x CCS 74° =6.92 - ** 1cm = 0.5N 6cm ** - Fy = 3N x sin 43° = 2.19 - FH = 3N x COS 43° = 2.05 - **1cm = 0.5N 9.2cm** - Fy = 4.6Nxsin 44°= 3.31 - FH = 4.GN x Cos 44 = 3.19 # Monday 25 November 2024 ## Newtons First Law ## Key words: - Balanced - unbalanced - Resultant - Stationary - acceleration - constant velocity 1. Define Resultant force - net force or the overall effect of the forces acting on an object 2. State Newton's third - Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. 3. Explain the difference between speed and velocity - Speed is distance covered per unit of time. # Tuesday 26th November 2024 ## Acceleration ## key words: - Acceleration - deceleration - velocity - initial; finalt ## Star Ward: - Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. - **a = m/s²** - **Acceleration = change in velocity / time** - **a = Δv / t** eg. Calculate the acceleration of a car that goes from rest to 10 m/s forwards in 5 seconds. - **Acceleration = Change in velocity / time** - **a = 10m/s - 0m/s / 5s** - **a = 2 m/s² forwards** # Monday 2 December 2024 Velocity- Time Graphs ## Keywords: - velocity - acceleration - slope - gradient - area, - distance - Independant - y axis - dependant - x axis Velocity - Time graphs can be used as coll as distance - time graphs to describe the motion of an object, Time is recorded on the x axis and velocity is recorded on the y axis.