Physical Science Week 4 Lesson PDF

IN THE NAME OF THE FATHER AND OF THE SON AND OF THE HOLY SPIRIT, AMEN. Lord, our God , in your wisdom and love You surround us with the mysteries of the universe.  Send your spirit upon our students and fill them with Your wisdom and blessings.  they may devote...

IN THE NAME OF THE FATHER AND OF THE SON AND OF THE HOLY SPIRIT, AMEN. Lord, our God , in your wisdom and love You surround us with the mysteries of the universe.  Send your spirit upon our students and fill them with Your wisdom and blessings.  they may devote themselves to their studies and draw ever closer to You. The source of all knowledge and we ask this through Christ our Lord. AMEN  WELCOME TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE CLASS MR. IBARRIENTOS Let us have a short review. INSTRUCTIO NS CLICK THE SHOPEE BASKET TO OPEN IT AND GUESS THE MYSTERY OBJECT OR REARRANGE THE TEXT INSIDE THE BOX. 1 1. L E C M O U L E A group of atoms bonded togeth er, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.  2 O P A L R O D N B It is a type of covalent bond between two atoms that have an unequal distribution of electrons  INSERT YOUR TEXT OR IMAGE HERE  3 NA R OP OL N B DON It is a type of covalent bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons equally  INSERT YOUR TEXT OR IMAGE HERE 4 M A T O It is the smallest unit of matter that can't be broken down chemically  INSERT YOUR TEXT OR IMAGE HERE  5 ACEGTROTL I YEI TTENV Is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons  INSERT YOUR TEXT OR IMAGE HERE GENERAL OBJECTIVES 0 0 Describe1the general 2 Explain the effect of intermolecular forces on types of intermolecular the properties of forces substances 0 3 Define and differentiate between the three main types of intermolecular forces (London Dispersion Forces, Dipole-Dipole Forces, Hydrogen Bonding)  What is Intermolecular Forces? Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces that exist between molecules. They are crucial in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points, viscosity, In addition…….. This force holds the molecules together which can be attractive or repulsive. Inter-Ionic Force Are force that olds ions together. 01 It refer to the attractive Intermolecu lar Forces 02 and repulsive forces 03 between molecules of matter. Intermolecular forces of attraction include dipole-dipole attractions, London forces, Ion-dipole forces, valence forces, and 01 02 1. Dipole-Dipole 4 types of intermolecu 2. Ion-Dipole lar forces 03 3. London Dispersion Forces 4. Hydrogen Bond NOTE: The first three types are known as “Van der Waals Forces”. On the other hand, hydrogen bond is a special type of dipole-dipole JOHANNES DIDERIK VAN DER WAALS - Was bord on November 23, 1837 in Leyden, The Netherlands. - In his 1837 thesis, Van Der Waals noted the non- ideality of real gases and attributed it to the existence of intermolecular interactions. 01 Dipole- 02 Are the attractive dipole attractions 03 forces between molecules with permanent dipole moments. A polar molecule consist of positively charged end or pole 01 In 02 There is unequal addition 03 sharing of electron between H and Cl atoms, partial positive and partial negative poles exist and are 01 Sum Up 02 All polar molecules 03 have a partial negative end and partial positive end which are attracted to each other. Resulting  Other Examples NaCl Kl LiF NH4Cl 01 Ion-Dipole 02 Attractive forces Forces between an ion and a 03 polar molecule. The alignment of the ion and the polar molecule is such that the positive charges is right next to the negative charge. 01 In addition 02 03 This exhibited in hydration or the interaction of water molecules with the cations and anions of ionic compounds dissolved in water. 01 02 When NaCl is 03 dissolved in water, NaCl will dissociate into sodium cations (Na+) and chlorine anion (Cl-). 01 Sum Up 02 The ion force exist in 03 the attraction between an ion and a dipole molecule. An ion is charged atom because it has gained or lost one or more electrons. It can be either positively charged 01 London Dispersion 02 Are the weakest 03 attractive force that are formed due to the temporary dipoles induced in non-polar molecules. This force is also called induced-dipole-induced- dipole attraction  If there is an ion or a polar molecules near an atom or non-polar molecule, there will be a distortion of the nonpolar molecule due to the force exerted by the ion or the polar molecule.  Distortion will result in temporary dipoles in the non-polar molecule which called induced dipole Induced dipole is the separation of the positive and negative charges in a nonpolar molecule due to its nearness of an ion or polar molecule. 01 Sum Up 02 London Dispersion 03 force is the weakest intermolecular forces because it has a only temporary attractive force. It also exist when the electrons in two adjacent atoms attract 01 Hydrog 02 Has a strong form en 03 of dipole-dipole Bondin attraction that g occur between molecules containing hydrogen and highly 01 A hydrogen atom has one Hydrogen Bonding 02 positively charged proton 03 in its nucleus and one electron. the positively charged hydrogen atom attracts a negatively charged fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom on a neighboring molecule on the same molecule, thus 01 Sum Up 02 The hydrogen bond 03 is an attraction between partial positive hydrogen in a polar molecule and a slightly negative atom in another molecule. Additional Activity 1. Imagine a world where intermolecular forces did not exist. Describe the macroscopic properties of matter (such as boiling points, melting points, and states of matter) in this hypothetical world. 2. Intermolecular forces are often compared to "invisible hands" that hold molecules together. Explain this analogy in detail, using specific examples of different types of intermolecular 01 02 Surface Tension 03 Viscosity Vapor pressure Boiling point Molar heat  Surface Tension ➔ Is a property of liquids that make the surface of the liquid slightly elastic and makes them form into separate drops. ➔ This property is due to the intermolecular forces that exert an unbalanced in word pool on every surface molecule. ➔ This net or unbalanced force on the particles is what leads to surface tension that holds the particle at the surface together.  VISCOSITY ➔ The viscosity of the liquid is a quantity that tells us how much the fluid can resist flow, High viscosity fluid resist flow and low viscosity fluids flow easily ➔ It is related to intermolecular forces holding the particles in a liquid together. ➔ The stronger the attraction between liquid particles, the greater the viscosity of liquid is.  Vapor Pressure ➔ Is the partial pressure of the liquid at equilibrium when the rate of evaporation is equal to that of condensation. ➔ The vapor pressure of a liquid depends on the temperature and the intermolecular forces of the liquid ➔ Molecules with strong intermolecular forces have a lower vapor pressure than those with weaker intermolecular attraction.  Boiling Point ➔ Is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. ➔ The normal boiling point of a liquid is the boiling point of the liquid when external pressure is equal to one atmosphere. ➔ The vapor pressure and atmospheric pressure should be equal in order to overcome both their intermolecular attraction of the liquid particles below the surface and the external pressure above the liquid.  Molar Heat of Vaporization ➔ The molar heat of vaporization of a substance is the amount of heat absorbed by 1 mole of the substance in change the phase of the substance from liquid to gas. ➔ It is very specific value for 1 mol of boiling substance and it involves energy calculation to determine how much energy is needed to board or to cool of a mole of a substance as it undergoes condensation. Test Your Understanding 1. What is True about intermolecular forces? a. They are strong bonds that form between atoms of molecules b. Substances can form more than one but one will predominate. c. They are stronger than the intramolecular forces between atoms. d. There is a vague relationship between intermolecular forces and bulk properties Test Your Understanding 2. Ion-dipole interaction results from the a. Attraction between an ion and a polar molecule. b. Repulsion between a dipole and another dipole. c. Repulsion between a polar with a nonpolar molecule. d. Attraction between a polar with another polar molecule. Test Your Understanding 3. Why is the strength of interaction due to dispersion forces increases as the number of electrons increase? a. The electron distribution of big molecules is easily polarized. b. The nucleus in the molecules has greater effective shielding effect. c. The electrons move freely around the nucleus resulting to greater energy. d. The electrons in the molecules can easily jump from one orbital to another. Test Your Understanding 4. Which of the following sets of interactions are all van der Waals forces? a. ion-induced dipole; dipole-dipole; London dispersion forces b. dipole-dipole; dipole-induced dipole; London dispersion forces c. London dispersion forces; ion-induced dipole; dipole- induced dipole d. dipole-induced dipole; ion-induced dipole; London dispersion forces. Test Your Understanding 5. London dispersion forces are formed when: a. there is instantaneous dipole that influences neighboring substances to gain dipoles. b. there is permanent (-) and (+) ends that participate in electrostatic attractions. c. the electron cloud of the atoms is evenly distributed around the nucleus. d. the atoms of two neighboring molecules participate in give and take of electrons QUIZ TIME =) 01 02 03 ANSWER KEY TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A