Philosophy Notes PDF

PHILOSOPHY L1 Philia - love; Sophia - wisdom Philosophy is the love of wisdom “Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher and philosophy begins with wonder.”-P l a t o Philosophy is for those who have the capacity to wonder like a child. Wonder - When a person is confronted with mystery or with so...

PHILOSOPHY L1 Philia - love; Sophia - wisdom Philosophy is the love of wisdom “Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher and philosophy begins with wonder.”-P l a t o Philosophy is for those who have the capacity to wonder like a child. Wonder - When a person is confronted with mystery or with something whose causes are still unknown, he/she wonders why. Laws Of Thought Principle of Identity Principle of Non-Contradiction Principle of Excluded Middle Principle of Sufficient Reason Principle of Identity - A thing, idea, or person, always has a name, a concept, and a characteristic for that thing to exist. Principle of Non-Contradiction - Denies that a thing can be and not be at the same time. Principle of Excluded Middle - Everything must either be or not; there is no middle ground conceivable. Principle of Sufficient Reason - Nothing happens without a sufficient reason for its being and existence. Aristotle - “Man is a rational animal, a being that possesses rights to life and liberty and that is superior to non-human like animals and plants.” L2 Wonder is the beginning of philosophy. - Plato Cosmocentric Approach Greeks were concerned with the world and the universe. Man, being part of the universe, must maintain balance and unity within the world. Theocentric Approach “Man is understood from the point of view of God, as a creature of God.” Anthropocentric approach “Man is understood in terms of his own existence.” “An attempt to highlight man outside the context of the divine” a. Contemporary Approach During the Contemporary Period, man is understood in terms of his own existence. The term ‘contemporary philosophy’ refers to the current era of philosophy generally dealing with philosophers from the late 19th to 20th century. a. Post-Contemporary Approach During the Post-Contemporary Period, man is understood in terms of his own experience. “An unexamined life is not worth living.” -Socrates L3 Philosophia It is stepping back, listening to yourself and other people, and trying to understand and evaluate what it is that you hear, and what it is that you believe. Opinion Personal belief or judgement that is not founded on proof. Opinions are disputable Truth The state of being in agreement with reality Can be proven true or false It is verifiable. Kinds of Concepts In biology, the basic unit of life is the cell. In philosophy, the basic of unit of endeavor is called concepts. Your experience can form concepts. Many concepts are born out of your experience. According to JOHN LOCKE, when we were born, our mind is in the state of blank or TABU LARASA. The process of recognition and conceptualization happens through our SENSORY EXPERIENCE. This is our knowledge coming from our senses known as EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE A Priori rests on principles which can be known independently of our experience of the world, just by reflecting on and understanding them. A Posteriori depends on a principle that can be known only by means of our experience of the world Types Of Reasoning Deductive Inductive Deductive General to Specific Certainty Draws conclusion from usually one broad judgement or definition and one more specific assertion. Inductive Specific to General Probability Based on observations in order to make generalizations.