The Philosophies of Philosophers PDF

SH1905 The Philosophies of Philosophers PHILOSOPHER WHY IS PHI...

SH1905 The Philosophies of Philosophers PHILOSOPHER WHY IS PHILOSOPHY IMPORTANT "We are born capable of sensation and from birth are affected in diverse ways by the objects around us. As soon as we become conscious of our sensations we are inclined to seek or to avoid the objects which produce them: at first, because they are agreeable or disagreeable to us, later Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau because we discover that they suit or do not suit us, and ultimately because of the judgements we Jean-Jacques Rousseau pass on them by reference to the idea of happiness of perfection we get from reason. Date of Birth: June 28, 1712 These inclinations extend and strengthen with Philosophical School: the growth of sensibility and intelligence, but Social Contract, Romanticism under the pressure of habit they are changed to Prime Focus: some extent with our opinions. The inclinations Politics, Music, Education, Literature, Autobiography before this change are what I call our nature. In Notable Ideas: my view everything ought to be in conformity with General will, moral simplicity of mankind, child-centered these original inclinations." learning, amour de soi (primitive and pure self-love), amour-propre (self-love that can be corrupted) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke John Locke “Knowledge then seems to me to be nothing but the perception of the connection and agreement, Date of Birth: August 29, 1632 or disagreement and repugnancy of any of our Philosophical School: Ideas. Where this Perception is, there is Social Contract, Liberalism, Empiricism, Knowledge, and where it is not, there, though we Foundationalism, Conceptualism, Indirect Realism, may fancy, guess, or believe, yet we always Correspondence theory of truth, Ideational theory of come short of Knowledge.” meaning, Corpuscularianism, Natural Law Prime Focus: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Politics, Mind, Education, Economics Notable Ideas: Consciousness, Consent of the governed, Labor theory of property, Law of Opinion, Natural Rights (Rights of Life, Liberty, Property), State of Nature, Social Contract, Tabula Rasa (knowledge is not inherent), Molyneux's Problem, Lockean Proviso 01 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 1 of 3  SH1905 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu Charles-Louis de Secondat "I have always observed that to succeed in the Baron de la Brede world one should appear like a fool but be "Montesquieu" wise." Date of Birth: January 18, 1689 Philosophical School: Enlightenment, Classical Liberalism Prime Focus: Politics Notable Ideas: Separation of political state powers, classification of government systems based on principles Source: https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-should-know-about-voltaire François-Marie Arouet "Voltaire" "The true triumph of reason is that it enables us to get along with those who do not possess it." Date of Birth: November 21, 1694 Philosophical School: Lumières (Enlighteners), Philosophes (Philosophers), Deism, Classical liberalism Prime Focus: Politics, Literature, Historiography, Biblical Criticism Notable Ideas: Philosophy of History, Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Speech, Separation of church and state "Scientia potentia est. Knowledge is power." Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes Thomas Hobbes Date of Birth: April 5, 1588 01 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 2 of 3  SH1905 Philosophical School: Social Contract, Classical Liberalism, Empiricism, Deterrminism, Nominalism, Materialism, Corpuscularianism, Ethical Egoism Prime Focus: Politics, History, Ethics, Geometry Notable Ideas: Inherent selfishness of humans, "Absolute" monarchy as the true and correct form of government "Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom. Mastering others is Source: https://soulanalyse.com/2016/11/14/10-greatest-taoism-quotes-lao-tzu strength; mastering yourself is true power." Laozi Date of Birth: 601 BC Philosophical School: Taoism Prime Focus: none Notable Ideas: Tao (Way, Doctrine), Wu wei (Without Exertion) “A good statement of an inherently imprecise concern – and most important concerns in the world are imprecise – must capture that imprecision, and not replace it by a precise statement about something else. You should learn to speak in an articulate way about ideas Source: https://asiafoundation.org/2017/10/04/conversation-nobel-laureate-lotus-leadership- honoree-amartya-sen that are inescapably imprecise (as a man called Aristotle explained more than two millennia ago). Amartya Kumar Sen And that is one of the reasons why the humanities are important. A novel can point to a Date of Birth: November 3, 1933 truth without pretending to capture it exactly in Philosophical School: Capability Approach some imagined numbers and formulae.” Prime Focus: Welface Economics, Development Economics, Ethics Notable Ideas: Human development theory References Amartya Sen quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2019 from https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/82531.Amartya_Sen Connolly, P. J. (n.d.). John Locke. Lifted and modified May 3, 2019, from https://www.iep.utm.edu/locke/#SH2e Doyle, M. E. & Smith, M. K. (2007). Jean-Jacques Rousseau on education. Retrieved May 3, 2019, from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-rous.htm Lao Tzu quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2019 from https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/2622245.Lao_Tzu Thomas Hobbes quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2019 from https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/10122.Thomas_Hobbes Voltaire quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2019, from https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/voltaire 34 notable quotes by Montesquieu. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2019, from https://quotes.thefamouspeople.com/montesquieu-4010.php 01 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 3 of 3