Philippine History Reviewer First Semester PDF

PHILIPPINE HISTORY REVIEWER | FIRST SEMESTER _____________________________________________________________________________________ Definition of Terms in History 11. History 1. Artifacts - The study of past events,...

PHILIPPINE HISTORY REVIEWER | FIRST SEMESTER _____________________________________________________________________________________ Definition of Terms in History 11. History 1. Artifacts - The study of past events, particularly in - An object made by a human being, human affairs. typically an item of cultural or historical interest. 12. Idealism - The practice of forming or pursuing 2. Chronology ideals especially unrealistically. - The arrangements of events or dates in the order of their occurrence. 13. Oral History - Is a method conducting historical 3. Data research through recorded interviews - Facts and statistics collected together for between a narrator with personal reference or analysis. experience of historically significant events. 4. Evidence - The available body of facts or 14. Prehistory information indicating whether a belief - Is the period of human history between or preposition is true or valid. the use of the first stone tools by hominids. 5. Herstory - History viewed from a female or 15. Relativism specifically feminist perspective. - The doctrine that knowledge, truth and morality exists in relation to culture, 6. Historian society, or historical context, and are not - A person who studies and writes about absolute. the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Definition of History according to the Iconic Figures 7. Historical Research Napoleon Bonaparte - Attempts to systematically recapture the History is written by the winners. complex nuances, the people, meaning, events and even ideas of the past that Marcus Tullius Cicero have influenced and shaped the present. To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born is to always remain a 8. Historicism child. - The theory that social and cultural phenomena are determined by history. Confucius Study the past if you would define the 9. Historicity future. - Historical Authenticity Victor Hugo 10. Historiography Let us study things that are no more. It - The story of historical writing is necessary to understand them, if only to avoid them.  - History and prehistory differ in nature and Robert Heinlein substance, with history being the past's A generation which ignores history has significant events and prehistory no past and no future. encompassing human activity before writing systems were invented. Mahatma Gandhi If we are to make progress , we must not History vs The Other Disciplines repeat history but make new history. We - No discipline is an island. must add to the inheritance left by our - Over the past century, history has evolved ancestors. significantly, often influenced by other disciplines. The relationship between history Martin Luther King, Jr. and social sciences and humanities remains We are not makers of history, We are a topic of debate. made by history. History , Historicity , and Historiography Marcus Garvey - History is a narrative account used to A people without the knowledge of their examine and analyze past events. past history, origin and culture is like a - Historicity is the authentication of characters tree without roots. in history, as opposed to legend or myth. - Historiography is the writing of history and Winston Churchill the understanding of how the interpretations History will be kind to me for I intend to of historians change over time write it. Meaning, Nature and Relevance of History Karl Marx The history of all hitherto existing Meaning of History society is the history of class struggles. The Greek word "historia" translates to inquiry or knowledge, defining history as the study of History Differentiated the past, allowing analysis and interpretation of History vs Past human changes over time. - The past is not the same as history. The past encompasses all events since the beginning Definitions provided by various Historians of time, including human thoughts, actions, 1. Burckhardt tree falls, and chemical changes in the “History is the record of what one age finds universe and beyond. worthy of note in another” History 2. Henry Johnson - History is a thoughtful and informed process “History in its broadest sense, is everything of interpreting past evidence or records, that ever happened” providing meaning, sense, and explanation to the present. 3. V.S Smith “The value and interest of history, depends History vs Prehistory largely on the degree in which the present is illuminated by the past”  6. History is multi-sided. 4. Jawaharal Nehru - History encompasses all interrelated “History is the story of man’s struggle aspects of human life, and a shift in through the ages against Nature and the politics can impact other societal elements; against wild bears and the jungle aspects. and some of his own kind who have tried to keep him down and to exploit him for their 7. History is a dialogue between the events own benefit” of the past and progressively emerging future ends. Nature of History - Past events are interpreted and become History provides valuable historical records and predictors of new objectives. a profound narrative of human history, detailing the events and reasons behind them. 8. History is not only narration but is also an analysis. 1. History is the study of the present in the - History goes beyond narrative accounts, light of the past. examining the occurrence and impact of - The present is a product of the past, and events on society over time. understanding its evolution is crucial for comprehending society's current form. 9. Continuity and coherence are the necessary requisites of history. 2. History is the study of man. - History is a continuous process that - History explores human struggles, tracks the evolution of society from development, environment control, and generation to generation, highlighting the growth of present institutions the importance of continuity. through the study of history. 10. History is relevant. 3. History is concerned with man in time. - History studies focus on significant - History is a series of events occurring at events that have influenced society and a specific point in time, focusing on are crucial for understanding present human development over time. life. 4. History is concerned with man in space. 11. History is comprehensive. - The text explores the relationship - This concept encompasses all aspects of between nations and human activities, human life, including political, social, focusing on the physical and economic, religious, literary, aesthetic, geographical aspects of their and physical aspects, providing a interactions with their environment. comprehensive understanding of global linkage. 5. History provides an objective record of happenings. Relevance / Function of History - Historians meticulously gather data 1. History helps us understand people and from original sources, ensuring it is free societies. from subjective interpretations. - Understanding a race's culture requires examining its history, which is shaped  by past experiences, revolutions, It also teaches research, analysis, alliances, and elections, which influence sequencing, synthesis, and persuasive its behavior and actions. communication. 2. History contributes to moral and 3. To Our Communities understanding. A. Vital Places to live and Work - Studying past heroes' struggles can - History forms the foundation for inspire, teach lessons in courage, resilient communities, as they are diligence, and constructive protest, formed through human memory, providing valuable lessons for including family stories, tribal individuals facing adversities. traditions, and civic commemorations. 3. History provides identity. B. Economic Development - Historical data provides insights into the - History drives economic growth, as formation and evolution of families, people are drawn to communities races, institutions, and countries, that maintain a strong sense of highlighting genealogy and historical identity and character. understanding family interactions with larger historical changes. 4. Studying history fosters responsible public 4. To Our Future behavior, promoting pride and responsible A. Engaged Citizens habits for community leaders, informed - History aids in creating better voters, petitioners, and observers. solutions, while democracy is the practice of individuals uniting to 5. History is useful in the world of work. express their opinions and take - History knowledge is crucial for action. creating good business, professionals, B. Leadership and political leaders, especially for - History serves as a powerful source migrants who need to be oriented about of inspiration and role models for their new country before leaving. leaders, providing them with the necessary tools to tackle the Why study history? complex challenges facing our 1. Identity communities and nations. - History fosters personal identity in an C. Legacy intercultural world by helping - Preserving and conserving history individuals discover their place within serves as the foundation for future the stories of their families, generations, ensuring democracy by communities, and nation. explaining our shared past. 2. Critical Skills Distinction of Primary, Secondary, and - History fosters critical thinking, Tertiary Sources independent research, fact validation, 1. Primary Sources and awareness of multiple perspectives.  - Primary sources, such as eyewitness individuals who have firsthand knowledge accounts, personal journals, interviews, of events. surveys, and experiments, provide Oral histories: Collected narratives of firsthand, original, and unfiltered personal experiences. information directly addressing your topic. Artifacts 2. Secondary Sources Objects: Tangible items that provide - Secondary sources offer valuable evidence of past activities or cultures. insights from experts, but may be biased Buildings: Structures that represent due to their external perspective. They historical periods or architectural styles. are more efficient than primary sources Works of art: Paintings, sculptures, and in planning and analysis. other artistic creations. 3. Tertiary Sources Other Sources - Tertiary sources offer third-hand information, but may introduce topics Audio recordings: Sound recordings of with additional bias, potentially speeches, music, or other events. distorting the topic due to the potential Video recordings: Visual recordings of for bias from high-quality primary events. sources. Digital sources: Electronic records, such as emails, websites, and social media posts. Types of Primary Sources Types of Secondary Sources Written Sources Textbooks and Encyclopedias Diaries and journals: Personal accounts of General textbooks: Provide comprehensive daily life, thoughts, and experiences. overviews of various subjects. Letters: Written correspondence between Specialized textbooks: Focus on specific individuals. fields or topics. Autobiographies and memoirs: Personal Encyclopedias: Offer concise information narratives written by the individuals on a wide range of subjects. themselves. Speeches: Public addresses or presentations. Books and Articles Government documents: Official records, laws, and policies. Scholarly books: In-depth studies written Newspaper articles: Contemporary news by experts in a particular field. reports. Peer-reviewed articles: Academic articles Photographs and films: Visual that have been reviewed by other experts in representations of events and people. the field. Popular articles: Articles written for a Oral Sources general audience, often found in magazines or newspapers. Interviews: Recorded conversations with Reviews and Critiques Almanacs: Contain factual information about a variety of topics, such as weather, Book reviews: Evaluations of books by astronomy, and sports. experts or critics. Yearbooks: Annual publications that Film reviews: Evaluations of movies by summarize events and statistics from the critics. previous year. Art critiques: Evaluations of works of art by critics. Handbooks and Manuals Handbooks: Provide practical information Documentary Films and guidance on a particular subject. Manuals: Instruction guides for using Historical documentaries: Films that equipment or software. present information about historical events or people. Textbooks Biographical documentaries: Films that Introductory textbooks: Provide a basic focus on the life of a particular individual. overview of a subject. Advanced textbooks: Offer more in-depth Websites and Blogs coverage of a topic. Academic websites: Websites maintained Review Articles by universities, research institutions, or Literature reviews: Summarize and analyze scholarly organizations. existing research on a particular topic. Blogs: Personal websites where individuals Meta-analyses: Combine the results of share their thoughts and opinions on a multiple studies to draw broader particular topic. conclusions. Types of Tertiary Sources Bibliographies and Indexes Bibliographies: Lists of books, articles, and other resources on a particular topic. Indexes: Catalogs of information, such as journal articles, newspaper articles, or online resources. Encyclopedias and Dictionaries General encyclopedias: Provide information on a wide range of subjects. Specialized encyclopedias: Focus on a particular field or topic. Dictionaries: Provide definitions of words and phrases. Almanacs and Yearbooks