PHILARTS 1st Semester PDF

PHILARTS 1st Semester Integrative Arts ❖ In the field of education, students Silverstein and Layne (2010), an approach not only learn by listening, but in which students or participants of this experience the process of creating process construct and...

PHILARTS 1st Semester Integrative Arts ❖ In the field of education, students Silverstein and Layne (2010), an approach not only learn by listening, but in which students or participants of this experience the process of creating process construct and demonstrate and doing. understanding through an art form. ❖ This process allows students to demonstrate, collaborate, and It is a creative process which connects the reflect on what they have learned. It art form and another subject area and is this interest that the word meets evolving objectives in both. integrative came to be. ❖ A visual art form, a painting or ❖ Integrate, means to bring together sculptural work may depict a theme or incorporate into a whole that desires to institute social ❖ a process that aims to mix, change is a reflection of what the incorporate, combine, construct, students learned, and they may join together or put together various continue to conceptualize ideas to types of knowledge, skills and show evolved objectives. understanding, and make the An example of an art form that products or results of integration depicts a social and political visible or seen. meaning is the “Spolarium” of Juan Integrative art is the result of a process Luna where participants engaged in the ❖ Starting from the precolonial times following activities: up to the time of colonial occupation, art forms in the constructing and demonstrating Philippines have evolved that understanding through an art form; showed who we are as Filipinos, creating something original as and how these art forms truly opposed to copying; showed our culture and sense of revising their products; being. Conceptualizing ideas to achieve ❖ The indigenous works of art, and evolved objectives those influenced by the colonizers have evolved to what is now known What do arts and education have in as contemporary art. common? Elements of Art Silverstein and Layne (2010) & ➔ Building blocks in creating Stevenson and Deasy (2005), students something having a central and active role in the arts ➔ Artists use them as tools to create as meaning-makers. an artwork Line ❖ This role demands that they not - Mittler (2006), "continuous mark only acquire knowledge but they made on some surface by a moving also develop the capacity to reflect point". on what they are learning and to - usually lead a viewer's eye around use it as they interpret and create a composition works of art. PHILARTS 1st Semester - convey or communicate messages - talks about or deals with the way through their perceptible qualities objects feel or the way it looks like Shape they would feel - Has an important role in creating art - Sometimes, an artist applies a thick - They create movement within a paint to create a lot of actual texture piece to the painting. This is called - Leads the eye from one design "impasto". element to the next - José Joya, a Filipino painter, used - Flat or two dimensional bold and vibrant colors with a - 2 dimensions that they are limited variety of techniques, layering, to are length and width loose impasto strokes and Form controlled drips. - is three-dimensional Value - Artists can make some parts of a - refers to tone, the lightness or flat image look or appear darkness of a color or stape in three-dimensional relation to another - Length, width, depth - It is described in varying contrasts. Space The lightest value is white and - "distance or area between, around, black is the darkest above, or within things" (Mittler, Principles of Art 2006) ➔ How those building blocks are - They can make a two-dimensional arranged surface look three-dimensional by ➔ They are the means by which giving the illusion of the work being artists can organize the elements of far away, close, or overlapping one art to create a variety of effects another. Balance Color - All works of art have some form of - basic and fundamental to many visual balance forms of art - Balance can be symmetrical, - Its use, relevance and function in a asymmetrical, or radial work of art depend on the medium - A feeling of weighted clarity and of that given work. composition - made up of three properties: hue, - Ortiz, et al. (1978), “a feeling of value, and property. equality in weight, attention. or name of a color - hue attraction of the various elements.” color's lightness or darkness - - Mittler (2006), “way of combining value elements to add a feeling of color's intensity is measured by its equilibrium or stability to a work of boldness or dullness. art” Texture ★ To create a balanced work, artists - Surface quality or "feel" of an object want the visual weight of the is its texture elements used to be distributed across the design. PHILARTS 1st Semester ★ Understanding balance and its - With variation, it gives a feeling of importance can help improve the organized movement. ability to appreciate and interpret a What is Contemporary Art? certain work of art. Contemporary Harmony ➔ Existing, occurring or living at the - One of the important principles of same time or belonging to the same art time - It is the sense of cohesiveness Contemporary art between elements in a composition ➔ Art of the moment. - it is how well all the visual elements ➔ Works of art with a dynamic in a piece of art work together combination of materials, methods, - Harmony in a design or work of art concepts and subjects that brings about unity. experiment with the conventional - According to Mittler (2006), and resist common views and harmony is a "Way of combining beliefs. similar elements in an artwork to ➔ Artists explore ideas, concepts, accent their similarities". questions and practices of the past - It is achieved through the use of with the aim to understand the repetition present and envision the future. - for example, of certain colors, ➔ It is a kind of art that considers the values, lines, and shapes. process as more important than the Emphasis/Contrast outcome or end result. - Mittler (2006), is a way of Contemporary art forms include the combining elements to stress the following: differences between thou elements" 1. Choreography - Artists often use contrasting 2. Musical instrument elements to direct and focus the 3. Literary and music composition viewer's attention on the most 4. Visual design important parts of a design or 5. Theatrical performance composition Modern Art vs Contemporary Art - This makes part of a composition Period of Evolution stand out ❖ Modern art existed from 1880 to - It is how a focal point is created in 1970 the composition ❖ Contemporary art runs from 1970 to Rhythm the present ❖ The modern art movement began in - A work of art can have a strong the 1860’s during the period of the sense of rhythm. Industrial Revolution. - Mittler (2006), “created by the ❖ With the advent of photography, the careful placement of repeated artists no longer saw that it was still elements in a work of art to cause a their responsibility to capture reality visual tempo or beat". through their art works it dawned on the creation of - An artist produces visual rhythm by art for art’s sake. Hence, repeating art elements as well as many artists began creating patterns. experimenting with color, PHILARTS 1st Semester form, shape, abstraction, ➔ An artistic opportunity to express different mediums, and one's personality through the different techniques. creation of dance. ❖ The cut-off period or the end of ➔ In any form of dance, the work of Modern Art is marked in the 1970s and with the birth of the term the choreographer becomes a Postmodern. piece of art that demonstrates a ❖ Towards the end of the 20th dynamic combination of materials, century, with the development of methods, concepts, and subjects technology, was the rise of the that challenge traditional video art and performance art, boundaries. alongside the experimentation and ➔ Dances that show historical appropriation from multiple disciplines and sources. perspective are replete in the Purpose/Intention Philippines. In Western Visayas, ❖ Modern art focuses on the where the Aetas originated, expression of one’s individuality, festivals commemorating how and presenting art independently Christianity began are celebrated without regard to the subject, in many different places. whether or not it presents meaning Dinagyang Festival to the onlooker. ❖ Modern art does not attempt to ➔ In Iloilo City, dances are performed present any relevance to the social, by groups of performers acting as political, or any subject that matters either the aborigines or the to people, hence, the phrase, “art Spaniards or even animals. for art’s sake.” ➔ Movements are choreographed to ❖ The intention of contemporary the beat of the drums. To add artists is to address both current events and historical ideas. spectacle, performers don colorful ❖ It made art as a whole to reflect the costumes and make-up. current issues, such as racism, ➔ This festival commemorates the globalization, third-world country feast of the Sto Niño (Holy Child) in oppression, feminism among many Panay Island where the history of others that hound our world today. how the aborigines of Panay ❖ Contemporary art shifted from became Christians is depicted aesthetic beauty to the underlying concept of work, meaning, the through dancing, chanting, and over process is more important than the all, a theatrical performance. end result. Mediums such as video Ati-Atihan Festival art, object design, graphical arts, ➔ In Kalibo, Aklan which is considered and social media, are used to show as the mother of all Ati-atihan contemporary art works. festivals in the Philippines. Choreography ➔ This festival depicts the way of life ➔ An art form uses the body as a of Aklan aborigines, and the medium to express ideas. exchange of golden salakot and ➔ Dance writing; the art of designing pearl necklace (known as the barter sequences of movements of of Panay) between Datu Puti from physical bodies. Borneo and Marikudo, Ati Chieftain. PHILARTS 1st Semester Sinulog Festival Art of weaving ➔ In Cebu, dance moves are basically ➔ A contemporary art form that two steps forward and one step combines the artisanship of local backward as the dancer sways to a artists and the creation of an distinct rhythm of drums. This original product movement resembles the current ➔ As an integrative art, this art form (Sulog) of what was known as considers all the processes Cebu’s Pahina River. Sinulog is the involved in art production and the ritual prayer-dance honoring Señor skill employed by the maker or the Santo Niño or the Child Jesus. artist as works of art. Looking at it These unique choreographs in Dinagyang intently, it could be said that this art and Ati-Atihan festivals are performed to considers the process as more portray or depict important events in the life important than the outcome or end of the Aetas or Atis, the early inhabitants of result. Panay, until the coming of the Spanish ➔ In Western Visayas, a colonizers, who brought with them the contemporary art form that speaks image of the Sto. Nino, as they introduced of Ilonggo ancestry and is given life Christianity to these native folks. by Ilonggo artists and craftsmen is Dances “Hablon”. This Hiligaynon word The shadow play came from the word ‘habol’, which The art of choreography to translate means the weaving process and its movements into a theatrical performance. It finished product. is a theatrical entertainment using shadows ➔ Hand weaving itself is considered thrown by puppets or actors onto a lighted as a decorative art. This art form screen. combines weaving as an art, the El Gamma Penumbra design as an art, and the product or ➔ This shadow play group has output as another piece of art. created works of art using props Steps on how to handweave Hablon and their bodies to form artistic, yet, The raw materials for weaving emotional performances. Through ➔ 2 types of Cocoons shadows, different forms are ➔ Silk created to demonstrate ideas that The process is quite intricate that it takes stir the consciousness of the master craftsmen or the “manughabol” as audience on issues such as caring they are called in Hiligaynon for the environment, selflessness, Language in order to execute the stages of love of a family and so on. handweaving. ➔ They emerged as the grand winner ➔ Stage 1- Planning the design in the first ever competition of The visual design is conceptualized that Asia’s Got Talent in 2015 in its includes the colors of the threads to be rendition of a shadow play giving used. tribute to Mother Nature. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Stage 2- Warping (Sab-ong) The threads are set on the warping tool, ➔ Stage 5- Reeding (Sulod sa Sulud) then grouped and rolled along the bamboo Each thread is then inserted on each pegs of the warping frame. opening of the metal reed using a "reed Note: The threads are counted by hand hook" (a bamboo hook is used). depending on the length and width of the product. The finished product ➔ Stage 3 -Beaming (Likis) The threads set on the warp frame will then be rolled along the weaver's beam, the wooden cylinder at the upper back portion The Sablay donned by students of the of the loom. University of Philippines (UP) System is a hablon product. ➔ Stage 4- Hedding (Sulod sa Binting) Each thread that is set on the warp must pass through the opening of the heddles (binting) to separate the warp threads for the passage of the weft. PHILARTS 1st Semester Methods of Presenting Arts.Examples: SUBJECT The Artworks of ❖ Term used for whatever is Fernando Amorsolo, represented in arts “the Grand Old Man of ❖ A person, thing, event, or situation Philippine Art,” shown by the artist Philippine’s National ❖ It answers the question “what is the Artist in Painting, and work about?” the Philippines’ foremost portraitist and SOURCES OF SUBJECTS: painter of rural Philippine landscapes. ➔ Portraits ➔ Everyday Life ➔ Animals MONA LISA ➔ Figures ➔ Leonardo Da Vinci ➔ History ➔ 1503-1506 ➔ Legend ➔ Medium: Oil on ➔ Religion ➔ Mythology ➔ Dreams ➔ Fantasy PEONIES IN A VASE ➔ Edouard Manet Most Common ways of presenting Art ➔ 1864 Subjects ➔ Medium: Oil on REALISM ➔ Presenting a subject the way it looks in everyday life, as seen in the naked eye. ➔ Sometimes disturbing or offending MAYNILA SA KUKO for if something looks or sounds NG LIWANAG gross or shocking, it’s depicted as ➔ Lino Brocka such. ➔ 1975 ➔ It portrays objective truth about ➔ Medium: Film people, life or situations whether good or bad. ➔ Favors the actual portrayal of actual ABSTRACTION life in natural settings. ➔ It is a way of moving away from ➔ Avoids the use of exaggerated reality or separating oneself from heroes in favor of ordinary people the objective truth. ➔ The opposite of realism. ➔ The artist does not present his subject the way it is found in the actual setting. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ It is subjective, highly personal, opinionated, and extra-challenging Examples: for it constantly asks the viewer to PRAYER BEFORE MEALS discover its meaning. ➔ Vicente Manansala Abstraction can be used through: ➔ Medium: Oil on A. Distortion Canvas ➔ The artist bends, twists, or misshapes the image to achieve an unnatural deviation of shape or THE HOUSE OF THE position of any part of the subject’s BLACK MADONNA body producing visible deformity. ➔ Ef Gočár ➔ What appears is a subject, ➔ 1911-1912 misshapen or ➔ Medium: twisted, totally unlike as it appears Reinforced in reality. Concrete Examples: FIVE CARICATURE HEADS C. Elongation ➔ Leonardo Da Vinci ➔ This is a method used by the artist ➔ C. 1490 when he intentionally lengthens ➔ Medium: Pen & or elongates the figure of his Ink on Paper subject to achieve a desired effect ➔ This method shows a subject or part of a subject as irregularity PETIT PANTHEON proportional to other parts of the THEATRAL subject like the very long neck of ➔ Claude Monet the Madonna or the unusual length ➔ 1860 of the child and the Long Arms of ➔ Medium: Pencil on Paper David as seen in the given B. Cubism examples. ➔ The artist uses geometric shapes to represent his subjects. Examples: ➔ Subjects are presented as a series of cubes, cones, or spherical David shapes which can be seen from ➔ Michelangelo different angles or viewpoints all ➔ 1501-1504 together at the same time. ➔ Medium: Carra ➔ Instead of depicting objects in one Marble viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context. PHILARTS 1st Semester Madonna of the Long Neck to declare its independence from ➔ Parmigianino European styles. (Girolamo Francesco ➔ According to Maria Mazzola) WWW.ANSWERS.COM, it is “a ➔ 1534-1535 school of painting that flourished ➔ Medium: Oil on after World War II until the early Canvas 1960”. ➔ The forms are usually not found in the natural world. ➔ It emphasizes freedom of emotional expression, technique, and D. Mangling execution. ➔ This is an uncommon way used ➔ The painting process becomes art by the artist to present his itself, and the painting becomes a subject. He achieves the effect drama of its own. by cutting, chopping, ➔ Action painting: the artist unleashes his ideas on canvas, mutilating, lacerating, or showing the glorification of the act hacking the image. of painting as a means of visual Examples: communication. Mangled Wooden Figures Examples: ➔ Aaron Demetz No. 18 ➔ Jackson Pollock ➔ 2013 ➔ 1950 ➔ Medium: Wood ➔ Medium: Oil and On Masonite Marthe Berlinde De Aurora Bruyckere ➔ Mark Di Suvero ➔ 2008 ➔ 1992-1993 ➔ Medium: ➔ Medium: Steel Wax, Epoxy, Metal, Wood and Glass Symbolism ➔ It is the artist’s way of presenting his idea or feeling using a representation of sign to stand for E. Abstract Expressionism something other than itself. ➔ It is a movement of painting that began in New York City that tried PHILARTS 1st Semester Examples: Dadaism The Up Oblation: ➔ A short-lived art movement began ➔ represents in switzerland in 1916 and ended in selfless 1922. dedication and ➔ It got its name from the french word service to the “dada,” which means “hobby nation. horse.” ➔ According to www.historymania.com, the basis of dada is nonsense. The Canadian War ➔ If art was to have at least a clear Museum: message, dada strove to have no ➔ Its facade meaning– interpretation of dada is represents the dependent entirely on the viewer. bow of the ship, ➔ This method ignores aesthetics and symbolizing the intends to offend man’s sensibilities. navy and the ➔ It sought to ruin art for a world role it played in which did not deserve it. It attacked wartime. the capitalists for allowing war to happen and this movement became 1. Black known as an anti-art association. 2. Red ➔ There was no attempt to find 3. Yellow meaning in disorder, but rather to 4. Green accept disorder as the nature of the 5. Blue world. Dove of Peace ➔ Pablo Picasso Examples: ➔ 1949 Fountain ➔ Medium: Pen on ➔ Marcel Duchamp Paper ➔ 1917 ➔ “Readymade” ➔ Medium: Porcelain The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe ➔ Andrew Adamson ➔ 2005 Lhooq ➔ Medium: Film ➔ Marcel Duchamp ➔ 1919 ➔ “Readymade” ➔ Medium: Postcard PHILARTS 1st Semester Fauvism Surrealism in other Forms of Art ➔ Rooted in the french word “fauve,” ➔ In literature, surrealists believe in which means “wild beast.” “automatic writing”, spontaneously ➔ An early-20th-century movement in writing without censoring one's painting using bold, often distorted thoughts. forms and vivid colors. ➔ In the visual arts, it is a method Examples: which is a combination of the Portrait of Madame (Green depictive, abstract, and the Stripe) psychological. ➔ Henri Matisse Example: ➔ 1905 After Us Motherhood ➔ Medium: Tempera on ➔ Max Ernst Canvas ➔ 1927 ➔ Medium: Oil on Canvas The Dance ➔ Henri Matisse ➔ 1910 On Borrowed Time ➔ Medium: Oil ➔ Jon Jaylo Canvas ➔ 2012 ➔ Medium: Oil on Canvas Surrealism ➔ Founded in Paris in 1924 by French poet Andre Breton. ➔ It tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life. ➔ They claim to create a magical world more beautiful than the real one through art. ➔ It came from the slang term “super” ➔ Sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind. ➔ Artists painted unnerving, unreasonable scenes, created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself. About the painting: ➔ Aimed to revolutionize human At least it hides the face partly well, so you experience, including its personal, have the apparent face, the apple, hiding cultural, social, political aspects, the visible but hidden, the face of the by freeing people from what they person. It's something that happens saw as false rationality, and constantly. Everything we see hides another restrictive customs and traditions. thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ The work aims to capture the speed and force of modern industrial society and to glorify the mechanical energy of modern life. ➔ Concern with events and trends of the future or which anticipate the future. ➔ The futurists admired speed, technology, youth and violence, the car, the airplane and the industrial city, all that represented the About the painting: technological triumph of humanity A barrier of fabric prevents the intimate over nature. embrace between two lovers, transforming Example: an act of passion into one of isolation and Portrait of Marinetti frustration. ➔ Enrico Prampolini Some have interpreted this as the inability ➔ 1925 to fully show the true nature of even our ➔ “Aeropittura” or most intimate companions. “Aeropainting” ➔ Medium: Oil on Panel The Dancing House of Fred and Ginger ➔ Vlado Milung and Frank O. Gehry ➔ 1992-1996 ➔ Medium: Concrete and The Burning Giraffe by Salvador Dali Medusa ➔ The painting shows Dali’s personal struggle with the battle in his home Expressionism country. ➔ Refers to “art that expresses Futurism intense emotion”. ➔ The artists work is an ➔ Futurism is an avant-garde movement founded in milan in 1909 expression of his inner by the italian poet Filippo Tommaso experience rather than solely Marinetti. realistic portrayal. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ An artistic style in which the The artist accomplishes his aim through artist attempts to depict not distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, violent, or objective reality but rather the dynamic application of formal elements. subjective emotions and responses that objects and ➔ Expressionist artist substitutes to events arouse in him. the visual object reality his own image of this subject, which he feels as an accurate representation Example: of its real meaning. Starry Night ➔ Vincent Van Impressionism Gogh Rouen Cathedral, Façade, Full Sunlight ➔ 1889 ➔ Claude Monet ➔ Medium: Oil ➔ 1894 on Canvas ➔ Medium: Oil on Canvas Einstein Tower ➔ Erich Mendelson ➔ 1921 ➔ Medium: Brick and Stucco Full Sunlight Grey Weather 1894 PHILARTS 1st Semester Morning Light 1894 Expressionism in Other Art Forms: ➔ In literature, the writer uses expressionism through disturbing incidents, tense dialogue, exaggerations and distortions characterized by chaotic, frenzied imagery and vehement tone. ➔ In music, expressionistic music is often fragmented and densely written, portraying what is going on inside the composer's mind; it is an expression of what is felt. PHILARTS 1st Semester Integrated Art in Modern Times Communication The Benefits of Learning through the ➔ This is important when working Arts hand in hand with another person. 1. Critical Thinking ➔ It is important in collaboration. 2. Collaboration Students who are able to 3. Communications communicate ideas, values, and 4. Creativity new knowledge effectively are likely Landers, M. R. (2014), the benefits of to produce quality outputs. learning through the arts, either as a Creativity process or as an output. ➔ This is the heart of art works. It ➔ These benefits are critical thinking, drives and motivates people to collaboration, communication, and create or produce something. creativity. ➔ When the students are engaged in Critical Thinking creating something that is original, ➔ Arts integration allows students to or innovating, and not merely engage in constructing and copying, then there is creativity in demonstrating understanding as arts integration. opposed to just memorizing and ➔ Creativity encourages people to reciting. inquire, and creative inquiry is the ➔ Students need to observe, reflect, pivot of all disciplines. It is through explore, envision, and develop creative inquiry that questions are crafts to demonstrate answered, problems are given understanding of learning. These solutions, and new insights are practices will help develop critical discovered. thinking skills across disciplines. Functions of Contemporary Art Skills needed for mathematics and ➔ As contemporary art form has science are just as important for the continued to evolve, it has also arts. They empower students to demonstrated its intention of not express their learning regardless of only providing awareness of the field or content. current issues, but also providing Collaboration an avenue for both the artist and ➔ As a skill can be used when the onlooker to use art as a vehicle conceptualizing visual designs, in expressing themselves as human creating audiovisual presentations beings. or writing a script for an animation. 1. Art for Pleasure. ➔ To collaborate is to cooperate, or to ➔ One’s existence is manifested in act as a team. Ideas are formed the varied experiences a person best when two or more minds meet. undertakes. Consequently, one may ➔ To collaborate is to look for find joy, enjoyment, delight in someone to provide and affirm appreciating and creating an art ideas. Like-minded individuals may form. People take pleasure in be able to achieve better results. special occasions and utilize decorative arts to elevate their level of pleasure. PHILARTS 1st Semester 2. Art for Profession. Arts as Integrated into other ➔ Arts are ways to convey the Disciplines feelings of artists in photography, A. Arts and Medicine digital arts, painting, crafts, etc. In ➔ Cathy Malchiodi, PhD, a writer addition, these ways of conveying and an international practitioner feelings have been elevated into in the healing arts, uses art in professionalizing the art and have become sources of income for health care. She is an art artists. therapist, expressive arts 3. Art for Creative industries. therapist, visual artist, research ➔ Industries create and produce psychologist, and author in the materials necessary for its fields of art therapy, and operation. In the process, the trauma-informed practice. creativity of the creators are ➔ In her article entitled, Creative shown as they combine or Arts Therapy and Expressive integrate the skills necessary for Arts Therapy, she said that production and “Creative interventions have commercialization of industrial been formalized through the products. disciplines of art therapy, music 4. Art for Information. therapy, dance/movement ➔ Art has been used to satisfy the therapy, drama therapy or desire of people for information. psychodrama, poetry therapy, Editorial cartoonists and and play therapy, including illustrators of comic strips sandtray therapy” (Malchiodi, convey information through 2014). visual representation of ideas. ➔ As an expert in this field, she 5. Art for Spirituality. refers to art, music, dance, ➔ Sacred rituals, ceremonies, and drama, and poetry therapies as materials that represent spiritual “creative arts therapies” symbolisms are ways by which because of their roots in the arts contemporary art is able to and theories of creativity. On the function in order to express one hand, within the context of one’s spiritual beliefs. psychotherapy, counseling, and 6. Art as history. rehabilitation, the use of music, ➔ Buildings, public monuments, visual art, dance/movement, and films are art forms that poetry is helpful in “expressive exhibit things of the past. They therapies” (Malchiodi, 2014). allow people to commemorate events and cherish events that people hold dear in their hearts. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ In this respect, expressive ➔ Dance Sport requires physical therapies are called “integrative” strength, agility, coordination, when various arts are stamina, high level of fitness, purposively combined in the discipline, teamwork, grace, treatment process. style, and musical interpretation Other Forms of Expressive Therapies in order to be successful in this ➔ Sandplay therapy, as field. These characteristics are mentioned by Malchiodi (2014), also required of a person who is a creative form of engages in sports. The psychotherapy that uses a International Olympic Committee sandbox and a large collection recognizes this exciting activity of miniatures to allow a client to as a sport. explore the deeper layers of his ➔ The glamour of this kind of or her psyche in a totally new dance is seen through the format by constructing a series costumes worn by the dancers, of sand pictures to illustrate as well as the choreography that his/her psychological condition. adds to the aesthetic value of ➔ Bibliotherapy, or book therapy dance sports. as defined, is the systematic use ➔ Integrative arts has evolved of books to help people cope from an avenue for expressing with their mental, physical, ideas, to becoming an integral emotional, developmental, or part in the promotion of quality social problems. In this kind of life for an individual. therapy, it is the value of literature that will motivate and encourage a therapeutic response from the participant of the process. B. Arts and Sports ➔ A glamorous and stimulating activity, dance sport or formerly known as competitive ballroom dancing, has been perceived as not just a dance, but a demanding sport. PHILARTS 1st Semester Visual Arts role in maintaining the Philippine ➔ Modern or contemporary art, Art Gallery, the nation's first. according to Benesa (2015), can (NCCA, 2015) be considered as a ➔ Hernando R. Ocampo phenomenon of the post-war ➔ National Artist for period in the Philippines, even Visual Arts (1991) though the term has been ➔ The curtain design around far longer in the Western of the Main Theater culture. at the Cultural ➔ In the Philippines, the Center of the contemporary visual arts are Philippines was closely associated with what inspired by was known as the ‘Thirteen Ocampo’s Moderns’, a loose grouping of renowned artists who started the modern masterwork, era of arts in the Philippines. Genesis. Thirteen Moderns 1. Galo B. Ocampo 2. Carlos V. Francisco (National Artist, 1973) Hernando 3. Vicente Manansala (National Ocampo’s Artist, 1981) Genesis, 1969 4. Hernando R. Ocampo (National Artist, 1991) 5. Cesar Legaspi (National Artist, 1990) 6. Demetrio Diego ➔ Vicente Manansala 7. Diosdado Lorenzo ➔ National 8. Jose Pardo Artist for Visual Arts 9. Ricarte Purugganan (1981) 10. Bonifacio Cristobal ➔ Another 11. Arsenio Capili national artist and 12. Anita Magsaysay-Ho pioneer in 13. Victorio Edades contemporary arts ➔ One of the Thirteen Moderns who was considered important and also one of the in the development of Thirteen Modern is Vicente contemporary arts in the Manansala. Philippines was Hernando R. Ocampo. His canvases recalled Vicente Manansala’s the verdant Philippine Mother and Child, landscape, its flora and wildlife, 1967 under the sun and rain, with the use of vibrant and striking hues. In addition, he played a crucial PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Over the years since its Nelfa Querubin-Tompkins establishment, contemporary visual arts in the Philippines has evolved to include many artists from the different regions of the country. The National Commission on Culture and the Arts Committee on Visual Arts (NCCA-CVA) is one of the most important platforms for the development of modern arts in ➔ Querubun’s “Terrain”: A the Philippines. When the Retrospective Show in Ceramics Philippine Commission for Culture and the Arts (PCCA) was established in 1987, this committee was one of the most active and vibrant under the NCCA. ➔ In Western Visayas, artists such as Martin Genodepa and Nelfa Querubin- Tompkins are just but a few of those who benefited from the development of the ➔ Ilonggo visual artist Martin NCCACVA. Genodepa specializes in coral-stone sculpture. Martin, Martin Genodepa corals from the ocean floor. Martin purchases coral stone fragments that have hardened who resides in the southern coastal municipality of Guimbal, Iloilo, does not harvest off the coasts of Guimbal, San Joaquin, and Antique. ➔ Another Ilonggo visual artist is Nelfa Querubin-Tompkins. Her love for the arts started when ➔ Genodepa’s Women Images, Coral she began forming clay between Stone Sculpture her hands in 1973 in Miag-ao, Ilolilo City, Philippines. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ One Mindanaoan artist is also Tiempo were among them. worth noting. Danny Sillada is a Francisco Arcellana, poet-critic Davao Oriental-born Filipino Ricaredo Demetillo, surrealist painter, poet, poet-fictionist Amador Daguio, philosopher, essayist, musician, poet Carlos Angeles, N.V.M. performance artist, and literary, Gonzales, and Bienvenido N. art, and cultural critic. He Santos are among the notable received "Pasidungog post-World War II short-story Centennial Awards" for literary writers. and visual arts in 2003. ➔ Ginto Sa Makiling – a novel by Macario Pineda that was ➔ Danny Sillada published in 1946 – is the first ➔ The Messenger in the Land notable work to appear after of Broken Promises, 2009 World War II. ➔ Two English-language novels, Stevan Javellana's Without Seeing the Dawn (1947) and Edilberto Tiempo's Watch in the Night, dealt with the experience of war. ➔ Poet and social activist Amado Hernandez also wrote novels advocating for social change. One of his well-known works, Luha ng Buwaya (1963), explores the conflict between Literature social classes. ➔ Post-World War II poetry and ➔ At around the mid-1960' to the fiction were dominated by early 80s, as repression and the English-writing authors educated ills of martial law were and trained in American or confronted, the protest British writing workshops. The expressions of Rizal, Bonifacio, novelists Edilberto and Edith PHILARTS 1st Semester and Amado Hernandez found their way into the works of Tagalog poets of the time. Lamberto Antonio, Epifanio San Juan, Lilia Quindoza, and later Jesus Manuel Santiago, Rogelio ➔ Other contemporary poets in Mangahas, Jose Lacaba, were English worth mentioning are among these freedom writers. Marjorie Evasco, Merlie Alunan, ➔ Despite the gradual loss of Ricardo de Ungria, and Luisa audience, forms of oral poetry Aguilar Igloria. such as the Cebuano Balak, the ➔ The EDSA Revolution of 1986 Ilokano Bukanegan, the Tagalog had a significant impact on the Balagtasan, and the Samal regional context of Tinis-Tinis continued to be contemporary literature. Literary recited in rural areas. In the competitions have contributed to 1960s, Ricaredo Demetillo was the emergence of new writing. the first to establish a Most notable is the inclusion of connection with the oral Hiligaynon short stories in the tradition. Barter in Panay, an Palanca Awards since 1997, award-winning epic based on alongside Cebuano and Iloko the Ilonggo epic Maragtas, was (Deriada, 2015). the result (Macansantos & ➔ The year 1986 became the Macansantos, 2015). beginning of a new landscape for Filipino writers and artists in general. It saw the downfall of the regime of the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos when he placed the Philippines under martial rule on September 21, 1972. This era in the political life of the country did only oppress ➔ Poets trained in American the writers' right to free workshops, on the other hand, expression but also created continue to write in the American conditions that led artists to get style. Poet-critics Edith L. into collaboration and Tiempo, Ophelia A. Dimalanta, cooperation as they struggled Gemino Abad, and Emmanuel for recognition and survival. Torres are among these Also, this era saw the growth of authors. Their mark can be seen underground writing both in in the short lyric and urban areas and in the medium-length meditative poem, countryside. which remain the preferred ➔ It was post-EDSA Revolution forms of Filipino poets that creative writing centers (Macansantos & Macansantos, became popular as it aimed to 2015). give birth to a new breed of writers. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Two types of creative writing ◆ The emergence of centers emerged. The first one, multilingual writing in the in academic institutions where region. Creative Writing is part of the curricular offerings, literature Music students were able to be under ➔ Philippine contemporary music the tutelage of elder creative typically refers to compositions writers/critics/professors. Such that have adopted concepts and academic institutions include elements from 20th century Silliman University; the Western art music and the most University of the Philippines; the recent trends and musical styles Ateneo de Manila University; De in the entertainment industry la Salle University; and San (Santos, 2015). Carlos University in Cebu. Music in the 1970s and 1980s ➔ The second group is composed ➔ Coritha, New Society, Heber of writers' organizations that Bartolome, and APO Hiking periodically sponsored and Society were the most organized training workshops on influential musicians of this era. writing for their members and ➔ In this era, two prominent artists other interested parties. Some of reached their zenith, these organizations are UMPIL revolutionizing the Philippine (Unyon ng mga Manunulat ng music industry with their Pilipino), PANULAT respective masterworks. Joey (Pambansang Unyon ng mga "Pepe" Smith and Freddie Manunulat), Panday-Lipi, GAT Aguilar wrote the songs "Ang (Galian sa Arte at Tula), KATHA, Himig Natin" and "Bayan Ko," LIRA (Linangan sa Imahen, which dominated the airwaves Retorika at Anyo), GUMIL during the People Power era (Gunglo Dagiti Mannurat nga (Sayson, 2009). Ilokano), LUDABI (Lubas sa Dagang Binisaya) and P.E.N. ➔ The EDSA Revolution has also ushered in these historical landmarks in the literature of Music in the 1990s West Visayas: ◆ The emergence of ➔ The 1990s gave birth to a new Kinaray-a writing; musical genre: Philippine ◆ The emergence of hip-hop. Francis Magalona Aklanon writing; established the standard for his ◆ The emergence of genre with songs like "Mga writing in Filipino which is Kababayan Ko." Visayan-based; ➔ Eraserheads, Rivermaya, and ◆ The ferment of campus Parokya ni Edgar are regarded writing in these as the most popular and languages successful rock bands in the Philippines. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ OPM has always been ➔ Bayanihan Dance Company headquartered in Manila, where Tagalog and English are the predominant languages. Other ethnolinguistic groups such as Visayan, Bikol, and Kapampangan, despite producing music in their native languages, have been infrequently recognized as OPM. Unusual instances include 1017's Bisrock (Visayan rock music) song "Charing." The ➔ National Artist for Dance Alice Visayans have by far the largest Reyes has effectively developed collection of modern music in and promoted dance arts on a their native language, having national scale, and was a successfully created a subgenre pioneer of contemporary dance of Philippine rock known as in the Philippines. Bisrock. Dance ➔ Several choreographies of contemporary Philippine dance mobilize motifs, forms, structures, and styles that constitute and signify the Philippine nation; in effect, they have imagined a "national identity." Contemporary dance in ➔ Alice Reyes is the founder of the Philippines provides a space Ballet Philippines (BP), the within which the nation's story premier ballet and contemporary can be told (Pison, 2013). dance company in the country. ➔ In the 1950s and 1960s, Reyes has danced and roamed contemporary dance emerged in around the Cultural Center of the Philippines. Following World the Philippines (CCP) for 20 War II, there was an explosion of years, collaborating with the creativity among Filipinos. Folk biggest names in the industry to dance troupes were founded at produce a diverse repertoire of Far Eastern University, highly acclaimed works, ranging Philippine Normal University from classics such as Cinderella (Barangay Folk Dance Troupe), and Romeo and Juliet to modern and Philippine Women's Filipiniana pieces such as University, which were pioneers Amada, Itim-Asu, Bayanihan in establishing Philippine Remembered, Mga Babae, and contemporary dance. Rama Hari. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Other contemporary dance forms that have emerged in the Philippines over the years include jazz with Powerdance as the most prominent dance group, followed on the groups of Hotlegs, Metropolitan Dance Theater, and many more. Television dance groups include Whiplash and several others. Bodabil Television has also contributed ➔ Between one-act sarswelas to the rise in the popularity of (typically billed in threes) or ballroom dancing. between the three or four acts of ➔ Douglas Nieras’ Powerdance a complete sarswela, bodabil songs and dances (vodavil in Spanish; bodabil is the Filipinized word) became intermission pieces (Fernandez, 2015). ➔ Theater directors and spectators in the Philippines were introduced to a new world when ➔ Physical education departments Alberto S. Florentino (b. 1931) continue to teach dance (mostly staged plays such as The World folk) from elementary school is an Apple (1954), Cavort with through college in dance Angels (1959), Cadaver (1954), education (Villaruz, 2015). and Oli Impan (1954). Theater ➔ The bodabil is among the It was the renowned film director Philippines' earliest forms of Lamberto Avellana and his wife, contemporary theater. The term actress-director Daisy H. Avellana, who derives from vaudeville, which founded the Barangay Theatre Guild was the first significant and helped pave the way for what is American theatrical influence now known as Philippine modern visible to the world. The Bodabils include song-and-dance numbers, magic and musical acts, skits and stand-up comedy, chorus girls, and comedians. theater. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Stage and television "Big Four" - Sampaguita, LVN, performances of Macbeth in Premiere, and Lebran. Black were part of the group’s ➔ Anak Dalita (1956) repertoire, as were readings of plays such as Nick Joaquin's A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1951) and its following film adaptation (1966). ➔ Nick Joaquin and Elsa Martinez Coscolluela, two of the few playwrights who continued to write in English in the late 80s and early 90s, were notable exceptions. Zeneida Amador created Repertory Philippines in ➔ The premier directors of the era 1967 with the goal of "making were (but not limited to): theatergoing a social habit in the ◆ Lamberto Avellana Philippines," and today, plays in (1915-1991) English are virtually exclusively ◆ Gerardo de León produced by Repertory (1913-1981) Philippines (Fernandez, 2004). ◆ Gregorio Fernández ◆ César Gallardo Film ◆ Armando Garces ➔ Contemporary film or cinema in ◆ Eddie Romero the Philippines can be divided (1924-2013) into three periods: ◆ Cirio Santiago ◆ The First Golden Age - (1936-2008) 1950s ➔ As a result, the business ◆ The Second Golden Age remained monopolized by the - 1970s to the early “Big Four” (Sampaguita, LVN, 1980s Premiere, and Lebran), each ◆ The Third Golden Age - with its own roster of actors, 2000s to the present technicians, and directors. In ➔ The decade of the 1950s was addition to providing audiences often referred to as one of with a diverse selection of films "reconstruction and expansion." throughout the year, the system Lamberto Avellana's film Anak also allowed actors and Dalita, set in Intramuros in 1956, filmmakers to sharpen their is an example of this stark craft. tragedy of post-WWII survival. Sampaguita Pictures and LVN, two of the pre-war studios, re-established themselves. The studio system ruled the industry during the time of the PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Inspiring films about the revival of the Philippines helped usher in the new millennium in the Philippines. ➔ Gil Portes released his debut film, Mga Munting Tinig (Small Voices), in 2002. Filmmakers in the Philippines began employing ➔ "Dissatisfaction with the status digital media in 2006 and 2007. quo" was a major theme in the ➔ The film Duda (Doubt) shows film genres of the time. Pinoy what can be accomplished when cowboys and secret agents in a person is driven by a vision for action flicks portrayed a society a film. Using a cast of friends "torn by criminality and and some professional corruption," according to critics. performers, Crisaldo Pablo Timbu Mata (1948) and Damgo wrote and directed the ni Adan (Adam's Dream) were Philippines' first full-length digital made by Lapu- Lapu Pictures in film, using a Sony VX-1 Hi-8 the Visayas following the camcorder. Second World War, which ➔ Filmmaker Adolf Alix's debut resurrected the production of digital film, Donsol, depicts Visayan films. When Mactan Donsol, a fishing community and Films stepped in, they made a haven for whale sharks. Tahas (Mission; 1950), which Jeffrey Jeturian, Auraeus Solito starred Luz Celeste and Dakay and Brillante Mendoza [who and featured Mat Ranillo as well. made the 2007 Filipino Luz Celeste and Matt Ranillo adaptation of Danish Dogme 95 featured in Balud (Wave; 1950). and Italian Cinéma vérité, Sa Kabukiran (In the Fields; Tirador (Slingshot), are other 1948) was also made at this notable filmmakers in the field. time period. Despite the Another important filmmaker is promising advances of the ➔ Lav Diaz, whose experimental decade, the cinematic art of the Tagalog films are long epics 1960s suffered a sharp depicting Filipino life, some of downturn. which clock in at more than ten ➔ Both beneficial and adverse hours and frequently challenge changes were brought about by the patience of the audience. In the volatile atmosphere of the 2016, the 3-hour film Ang 70s and 80s. This time around, Babaeng Humayo (featuring following the turmoil of the Charo Santos) received the Marcos government, films in this Golden Lion Award at Venice, era dealt with more serious Italy's International Film Festival. subjects. During this time period, the Philippines also saw the emergence of an alternative film culture. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Architecture ➔ The architecture of the ➔ Iloilo Convention Center (ICC) Philippines reflects the country's ➔ The Iloilo Convention Center rich history and culture. Many (ICC or ICon) is another notable historic constructions in the building for its architectural style. Philippines have a blend of One of the Philippines' most indigenous Austronesian, modern conference centers, it's Chinese, Malay and American located in Mandurriao Business influences. Park in Iloilo City, Philippines. ➔ Architecture with clean lines and William Coscolluela, an Ilonggo efficient features became architect, created the popular in the late 20th century. state-of-the-art convention A large number of historically facility. Iloilo's Dinagyang and significant buildings began to Paraw Regatta events inspired deteriorate during this time the design. period. In the early years of the 21st century, there was a resurgence of interest in traditional Filipino architectural characteristics. ➔ The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex, which houses the National Theater (Tanghalang Pambansa), is one of the best examples of contemporary architecture. The National Theater, designed by Leandro V. Locsin, was built from 1966 to 1969. The nipa hut, one of the country's indigenous architectural forms, was an inspiration for the CCP's design. PHILARTS 1st Semester National Artists Awardees [Legend: (+) Deceased, (++) Posthumous Conferment] The Order of National Artist (Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) 1. Fernando Amorsolo (++) - 1972 - Painting Highest national recognition given to a 2. Francisca R. Aquino (+) - 1973 - Filipino who has made significant Dance contributions to the development of 3. Carlos V. Francisco (++) - 1973 - Philippine arts, namely Music, Dance, Painting Theater, Visual Arts, Literature Film, 4. Amado V. Hernandez (++) - 1973 - Broadcast Arts, Architecture, or the Allied Literature Arts. 5. Antonio J. Molina (+) - 1973 - Music 6. Juan F. Nakpil (+) - 1973 - The body of works of the national artist is Architecture recognized by peers and more importantly 7. Guillermo E. Tolentino (+) - 1973 - by other Filipinos as a sublime expression Sculpture of Philippine arts. The artist, through his/her 8. Jose Garcia Villa (+) - 1973 - arts, has promoted Filipino cultural identity Literature and dignity. 9. Napoleon V. Abueva - 1976 - Sculpture Proclamation No.1001 (April 2, 1972) 10. Lamberto V. Avellana (+) - 1976 - Theater & Film President Ferdinand E. Marcos 11. Leonor O. Goquingco (+) - 1976 - made this honorific title possible Dance and is jointly administered by the 12. Nick Joaquin (+) - 1976 - Literature National Commission for Culture 13. Jovita Fuentes (+) - 1976 - Music and the Arts (NCCA) and the 14. Victorio C. Edades (+) - 1976 - Cultural Center of the Philippines Painting (CCP) and conferred by the 15. Pablo S. Antonio (++) - 1976 - President of the Philippines upon Architecture recommendation by both 16. Vicente S. Manansala (++) - 1981 - institutions. Painting 17. Carlos P. Romulo (+) - 1982 - The person who receives this title gets Literature the following honors and privileges: 18. Gerardo de Leon (++) - 1982 - Cinema 1. Rank and title of National Artist, as 19. Honorata "Atang" dela Rama (++) - proclaimed by the President of the 1986 - Theater & Music Philippines 20. Antonino R. Buenaventura (+) - 2. Insignia of a National Artist and a 1988 - Music citation 21. Lucrecia R. Urtula (+) - 1988 - 3. Cash awards, monthly life pension, Dance medical, and hospitalization 22. Lucrecia R. Kasilag (+) - 1989 - benefits, life insurance coverage, Music state funeral and burial at the 23. Francisco Arcellana (+) - 1990 - Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes' Literature Cemetery), and a place of honor at 24. Cesar F. Legaspi (+) - 1990 - Visual national state functions along with Arts recognition at cultural events. 25. Leandro V. Locsin (+) - 1990 - Architecture PHILARTS 1st Semester NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LANDSCAPE NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE (2006) (2014) Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr. Jose Maria Zaragoza (1929-2014, Malabon, Rizal) (1912-1994, Manila) Region of Origin: National Capital Region of Origin: Region National Capital Region Popularly known as IP Described as "a pillar of Santos introduced modern architecture in the landscape architecture to Philippines buttressed by a the Philippines after nine half-century career that produced years of learning and doing ecclesiastical edifices and structures of it in the United States of modernity in the service of God and America. humanity." Architecture Degree - University of Born on December 6, 1912, Zaragoza came Santo Tomas from a family of artists. His granduncle, Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Miguel Zaragoza did the painting landscape architecture - The decorations of the Recollects Church and School of Architecture of the monastery of San Nicolas, also in University of Southern California in Intramuros of colonial Manila. 1956 and 1960, respectively. The son of Tagalog poet and educator, Ildefonso Santos, Sr., he was born in Malabon, Manila on September 5, 1929. Today he is known as the Father of Landscape Architecture in the Philippines. Landscape architecture is the art of designing spaces and land spots by incorporating natural elements into the design (Santos, 2009). 2 of IP Santos' early works: ➔ Some areas in the historical Paco Park and the now defunct Ayala's Makati Commercial Center where shoppers used to walk through pedestrian malls like a park, with its patterned walkways and a host of ornamental gardens. ➔ In the more recent past, he did the landscape architecture of Tagaytay Highlands Golf and Country Club and the Orchard Golf and Country Club among others. PHILARTS 1st Semester Zaragoza's secular works: ➔ Meralco Building in Pasig City ➔ National library ➔ Sci-fi inspired Vira Mall in Greenhills, San Juan. ➔ He designed one of the largest Catholic churches in the Philippines: the Santo Domingo Church in Quezon City a Protestant church in Makati: the Union Church of Manila. He did restoration work on the Quiapo Church among others. According to Lito Zulueta (2014), Zaragoza played a key role in the reconstruction of postwar Philippines. Through his striking structures that blended modernism and Philippine motifs and styles, he helped reshape the landscape of Manila ravaged by World War Il. PHILARTS 1st Semester NATIONAL ARTIST FOR CINEMA (2001) Tubig (1976) which made Charo Santos a more respectable and mature actress. Ishmael Bernal (1938-1996, Manila) Himala catapulted the fame of Nora Aunor Region of Origin: National Capital to the world scene. This film’s harvest of Region critical acclaim attests to its stature as a noteworthy example of Third World Cinema. Aside from numerous local awards, the film was a finalist at the 1982 Berlin Film Festival and bagged the Bronze Hugo Prize at the 1983 Chicago International Film Festival. Himala’s setting is Barrio Cupang, a backward, rain-deprived Philippine village sinking in the mire of poverty and Ishmael Bernal is known for his intriguing, desperation. Against this harsh backdrop, yet exceptional films that serve as the superstition has taken over the lives of the platform for better changes. Every film locals. Ishmael makes has illuminating reflections on the stark realities: struggles in all NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE (1976) aspects of life, humane notes on the Filipino soul, and anguish of the motherland. The Leonor Orosa-Goquingco creative approach and directorial style of (1917-2005, Jolo, Sulu) Ishmael Bernal can be compared to the Region of Origin: prowess and sensitivity of Nick Deocampo, Bangsoromo Autnomous another gifted and celebrated filmmaker Region in Muslim Mindanao from Mina, Iloilo. In Bernal ‘s Oliver (1987 Mother of Philippine Grand Prix winner at the 9th International Theater Dance Super 8 and Video Festival in Brussels, Dean of Filipino Belgium), the first part of the trilogy, The Performing Arts Critics City of Man’s Heart, best illustrates the fluid Trailblazer sexuality and exemplifies the most enduring uphill battle of a man against all odds – the Leonor-Orosa Goquingco was born in Jolo, sheer willpower amidst poverty, prostitution, Sulu to physicians Sixto Orosa and and pain during oppressive Marcos regime. Sevedna Luna. She played the piano, drew Furthermore, Bernal’s art expands the art,designed scenery and costumes, horizon of understanding films – not just on sculpted, acted, directed, danced and the aesthetic merit, but also the human side choreographed. Her pen name was and deeper than the camera and angle. By Cristina Luna. She was proclaimed a embellishing the images or amplifying the Filipino National Artist in Creative Dance on medium, Ishmael sticks to his impeccable March 27, 1976. execution – to defy the censors, emancipate the artists, afford the oppressed a sense of Orosa-Goquingco finished grade school at justice, and educate the audience. Central Philippine University in Iloilo City. She was the class valedictorian at Among the notable films of Ishmael Bernal Negros Occidental Provincial High are: Pahiram ng Isang Umaga (1989), School. She earned a diploma in Broken Marriage (1983), and Himala education, majoring in English LIterature (1982), City After Dark (1980), and Nunal sa from St. Scholastica’s College Manila PHILARTS 1st Semester and graduated summa cum laude. The He later went back to UP to study famous national artist also took graduate anthropology. In the 1960s he joined the courses in theater craft, drama and music at Bayanihan Dance Company, first as an Columbia University and Teacher instrumentalist, then eventually as a dancer. College in New York City, USA. She also took professional and teacher courses at In 1972, he founded the Ramon Obusan the Ballet de Monte Carlo. Folkloric Group (ROFG), a dance company, composed of some thirty Leonor Orosa-Goquingco pioneered Filipino performers that aimed to mirror the choreography in balletic folkloric and Asian traditional culture of the Filipinos through styles. She has produced original, dance and music. The vast amount of data first-of-a-kind choreographies, mostly to her and artifacts from his researches became own storylines. These include “TREND: the materials for his productions. Return to Native”, “In a Javenese Garden,” “Sports,” VINTA!,” “In a Concentration Through the performances of the Ramon Camp,” “The Magic Garden,” “The Clowns,” Obusan Folkloric Group (ROFG), the rituals “Firebird,” “Noli Dance Suite,” “The of more than 50 ethno-linguistic groups Flagellant,” and “The Creation'', among in the country have been documented and others. The dance epic “Filipinescas: preserved. With more than twenty Philippine LIfe, Legend and Lore” is outstanding full-length Filipino dance works, considered as her most ambitious work. among which are the memorable suites Throughout her artistic career. from the Cordillera, Bagobo, T'boli, Orosa-Goquingco brought native folk Tausug, Maranao, the Aetas and the dance, mirroring Philippine culture from Talaandig among others - the ROF has pagan to modern times, to its highest stage served to highlight the authenticity of the of development. movements and costumes of these people. Ramon Obusan found his special niche in NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE (2006) the Philippine arts when he promoted Philippine traditional dance and cultural Ramon Arevalo Obusan work with zest, passion and unparalleled (1938 - 2006, Legazpi, Albay ) creativity. As a dancer, choreographer, Region of Origin: stage designer and artistic director, Bicol (Region V) researcher, archivist, and documentary filmmaker, he broadened and deepened Ramon Obusan was born to the Filipino understanding of his own Dr. Praxedes Obusan of cultural life and expressions. camarines Norte and Josefina Arevalo, a music teacher from Albay. He graduated with a BS in fisheries degree from the University of the philippines. It was in his stint as a teacher of fisheries in Aklan Polytechnic Institute where his love for Philippine folk culture was born. PHILARTS 1st Semester Productions had affected cultural and NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE (2014) diplomatic exchanges through the art of dance. He had other dance artists and Alice Reyes researchers worldwide. Through the group's performances abroad, the Philippines (October 14, 1942, developed artistic ties with the global Manila) contemporary world, especially with Region of Origin: Europe, the Americas (particularly National Capital Region Mexico), the Middle East, Asia and the Visionary founder of Pacific. Ballet Philippines Pre-eminent among the traditional dances that Ramon Obusan has saved from oblivion are: Trainings: ➔ La Jota Paragua a fiery Iberian ➔ At an early age with classical ballet influenced dance from Cuyo, under the tutelage of Rosalia Palawan Merino Santos. ➔ Abaruray de Catanauan, a dance ➔ She studied Bachelor of Arts in taught to him by two ninety-year History and Foreign Service at olds in Quezon province, the Maryknoll College Pandamgo, a Matigsalug dance ➔ Did postgraduate studies at the with very interesting storyline Ateneo de Manila University. She ➔ Sinakiki a hen and cockerel dance subsequently trained in folk dance of Waray origin which he under the Bayanihan Philippine discovered in Rapu-rapu, Albay National Dance Company ➔ Kasanduayan and Kinakulangan, ➔ Pursued modern dance, jazz Maranao dances showcasing the education, and training in the payong-a-sinilatan with a bevy of United States. ladies gracefully walking on a way ➔ An extensive training period in the to a wedding, United States at the Colorado ➔ Ibanag Christmas Dance Infantes College under a Hanya Holm where children shepherds are scholarship. joined by two higantes in their ➔ Subsequently awarded a grant from dance routines from house to the Music Promotion Foundation house, of the Philippines, which enabled ➔ Takiling, the Kalinga headhunting her to study further under leading victory dance exponents of the medium and earn ➔ Ragragsakan with women dancers, a Master of Arts in Dance from balancing labba baskets while the Sarah Lawrence College spreading silanbituon blankets. under its scholarship program. ➔ She propelled the company into a national arts institution. Upon her return from her US training in 1969, she staged her first modern dance concert at the CCP. By introducing the first modern dance concert, she initiated the popularization of modern dance in the country. PHILARTS 1st Semester ➔ She followed this up with programs NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE that developed modern dancers, (2006) teachers, choreographers and audiences. By organizing outreach Bienvenido Lumbera tours to many provinces, (11 April 1932, lecture-demonstrations in Lipa, Batangas ) schools, television promotions, a Region of subscription season and Origin: children's matinee series, she Calabarzon slowly helped build an audience-base for Ballet He is a poet, author, Philippines and modern dance in literary and film critic, librettist, literary the country. Her outstanding historian, anthologist, revered mentor, performances on stage have and activist. Despite (or perhaps because provided artists enriching examples of) his doctorate in literature from American to emulate. The Filipino dancers universities (with Filipino literature as his have emerged as an indispensable thesis), Lumbera has long been a part of the Filipino cultural heritage socially-engaged writer and academic, and through her efforts. an ardent advocate of Filipino as national and literary language. Together with Rolando Tinio (another later National Artist), he pioneered the teaching of Filipino at Ateneo de Manila, and later developed the Philippine Studies course at the University of the Philippines. He was the Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communications in 1993, and was conferred the Order of National Artist for Literature in 2006. As a poet, he introduced to Tagalog literature what is now known as Bagay poetry, a landmark aesthetic tendency that has helped to change the vernacular poetic tradition. He is the author of the following works: Among her major works: ➔ Likhang Dila Amado(1969) ➔ Likhang Diwa (poems in Filipino At a Maranaw Gathering (1970) and English) 1993 Itim-Asu (1971) ➔ Balaybay Tales of the Manuvu (1977) ➔ Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang Rama Hari (1980) 2002 Bayanihan Remembered (1987). ➔ Sa Sariling Bayan ➔ Apat na Dulang May Musika 2004 ➔ Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita ➔ Pakikiramay 2004 PHILARTS 1st Semester As a librettist for the Tales of the Manuvu NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE and Roma Hari, he pioneered the creative (2014) fusion of fine arts and popular imagination. Cirilo F. Bautista As a scholar, his major books include the (July 9, 1941-2018, Manila) following: Region of Origin: National Capital ➔ Tagalog Poetry, 1570-1898 Region ➔ Tradition and Influences in its Development ➔ Philippine Literature ➔ A History and Anthology Revaluation ➔ Essays on Philippine Literature ➔ Writing the Nation/Pag-akda ng Bansa. He is a poet, fictionist, critic, and writer The Yaya’s Lullaby of nonfiction. He received his degrees in Dr. Bienvenido Lumbera AB Literature from the University of Santo Tomas (magna cum laude, 1963), Hair so fine MA Literature from St Louis University, Soft as silk, Baguio City (magna cum laude, 1968), and Gently I comb Doctor of Arts in Language and This yaya’s pet. Literature from De La Salle To my own child, University-Manila (1990). He received a This caring I can’t give, fellowship to attend the International In another bosom, Writing Program at the University of Iowa Mine I had left. (1968-1969) and was awarded an honorary-degree–the only Filipino to Hair of my ward have been so honored there. The scent of gardens, Sweetness of flowers Awards: ➔ The Palanca We don’t have. ➔ Free Press Body so pink, ➔ National Book Award from the So nice to embrace, Manila Critics Circle Ah, it’s not mine, ➔ Gawad Balagtas This child I caress. ➔ The Pablo Rogman Prize for the Novel The one I dandle ➔ The highest accolades from the City Is a child of the rich, of Manila, Quezon City and Iligan My day, whole City. And entire, is hers. ➔ Hailed in 1993 as Makata ng Taon To my own beloved by the Komisyon ng mga Wika ng I would’ve wanted to leave Pilipinas A wee bit of my heart, ➔ The last part of his epic trilogy The My leftover love. Trilogy of Saint Lazarus, entitled Sunlight on Broken Stones, won the Centennial Prize for the epic in 1998. PHILARTS 1st Semester Works: In “Telex Moon”, Bautista tracked the ➔ Boneyard Breaking simultaneous growth and degradation of ➔ Sugat ng Salita the city of Manila, lamenting its subsequent ➔ The Archipelago fate under the tyranny of wealth, and ➔ Telex Moon drawing from his own views the ➔ Summer Suns developments and circumstances ➔ Charts surrounding Rizal’s time as well as what ➔ The Cave and Other Poems was happening in the country during the ➔ Kirot ng Kataga Marcos era. ➔ Bullets and Roses: Th