Phases of Matter

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a solid state of matter?

Has a definite volume and shape (correct)

Has no definite shape or volume

Molecules move freely and rapidly

Particles are farther apart than in liquids

Which statement about gases is true?

Gas particles are immobile and resist changes

Molecules in gases are closely packed

Gases take the shape of their container (correct)

Gases have a definite shape and volume

What differentiates liquids from solids?

The attractive forces in liquids are weaker than in solids (correct)

Molecules in liquids are closely packed like in solids

Liquids have a definite shape

Liquids do not retain a definite volume

What is a characteristic of plasma?

Is the most common form of matter in the universe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a Newtonian fluid?

It remains viscous regardless of shear stress. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of gases results from weak forces of attraction?

Molecules can compress and expand. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gas volume when temperature increases?

Volume expands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a thixotropic liquid?

It behaves like a solid under pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

Solids have molecules that are free to move in all directions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name the state of matter that is a collection of gaseous particles at extremely high temperatures.

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

The state of matter that can be compressed and has no definite shape or volume is called __________.

Gas Signup and view all the answers

Match the states of matter with their proper characteristics:

Solid = Definite shape and volume Liquid = Definite volume but takes shape of container Gas = No definite shape or volume Plasma = Collection of gaseous particles at high temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes thixotropic liquids?

They resist flowing until agitated. Signup and view all the answers

Plasma is the least common form of matter in the universe.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the attractive forces like in gases?

Very weak Signup and view all the answers

The name of the British Physicist who identified the fourth state of matter in 1879 as radiant matter.

Sir William Crookes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phases of Matter

Matter exists in four primary phases: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
Solids have a definite volume and shape. Strong attractive forces between atoms/molecules resist change in shape or volume. Atoms are in a fixed position and vibrate, producing sound. The molecules/atoms/ particles are closely packed and held together by very strong forces.
Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container. Attractive forces are weaker than in solids allowing particles to flow, while holding a constant volume. The molecules in liquids are less densely condensed and free to move. Liquids can be ideal, meaning they remain viscous regardless of shear stress applied. Other liquids are thixotropic, meaning they resist flowing until agitated, then flow like liquids.
Gases have no definite volume or shape. They take the shape and volume of their container. Weak attraction forces allow the particles to move freely in all directions. Pressure and temperature affect their volume. Gas molecules move freely, offering no resistance to changes in shape or volume. The molecules in a gas are much farther apart than in solids or liquids.
Plasmas are the fourth state of matter. They are a collection of gaseous particles at extremely high temperatures (over 100,000°C). They have no definite volume or shape. Particles are electrically charged and move freely. Plasmas are abundant in the universe, for example in lightning, auroras, and some stars.

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Description

Explore the four primary phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. This quiz covers their unique properties, behaviors, and the effects of temperature and pressure. Perfect for enhancing your understanding of basic physical science concepts.