Public Health Principles (PHAR 4106) - October 2024

PUBLIC/POPULATION HEALTH PRINCIPLES PHAR 4106 INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY PRACTICE MANAGEMENT 8TH OCTOBER 2024  Describe public health ethics and its Describe relationship with medical ethics...

PUBLIC/POPULATION HEALTH PRINCIPLES PHAR 4106 INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY PRACTICE MANAGEMENT 8TH OCTOBER 2024  Describe public health ethics and its Describe relationship with medical ethics Discuss the ethical principles of Public Health Discuss Research and their evolution through time OBJECTIVES Discuss the ethical principles of public health Discuss practice Discuss the importance of ethics to public Discuss health professionals  Comprehend and simplify principles and values which guide public health actions PUBLIC Assists with decision making HEALTH May differ from those that guide natural ETHICS science and clinical medicine which are more patient centered Includes all the actions and activities carried out by public health offiicials and organizations both directly and indirectly PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS VS MEDICAL ETHICS 01 02 03 The greater good of all Can cause conflict In the medical world, vs the good of one where the good of the the individual has the individual does not right to be in charge of coincide with the good his/her own health of the population unless it impacts others; public health steps in to assist  Ethical Ethical Principles Principles of during other Research Public Health Programs Public Health Ethics CATEGORIES OF PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH  THE SET OF ETHICAL GUIDELINES THAT GUIDES US ON RESEARCH HOW SCIENTIFIC ETHICS RESEARCH SHOULD BE DEFINED CONDUCTED AND DISSEMINATED. THE TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT HTTPS://M.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?SI=M2YA-T8DLQ0CWIV-&V=O1LE6GED 9LI&FEATURE=YOUTU.BE  THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH ETHICS  THE BELMONT REPORT DRAFT NEW LEGISLATION TO COVER PROBLEMS THAT MAY ARISE AT THE FOREFRONT OF RESEARCH PROTECTION OF PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN RESEARCH ESTABLISHED FLEXIBLE REVIEW CRITERIA IDENTIFIED THE BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLES WHICH SHOULD UNDERLIE THE CONDUCT OF BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS.  Respect for Persons (Autonomy and Informed Consent ) ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE BELMONT REPORT The Belmon t Report Beneficence Justice (Non- Maleficence) PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS THE FIELD OF RESEARCH ETHICS Research ethics Unambiguously concerned committee/Institutional The set of ethical guidelines in the examination of Review Board (IRB) reviews that guides us on how ethical issues that are whether the research is scientific research should upraised when individuals ethical enough or not to be conducted and are involved as participants protect the rights, dignity disseminated. in the study. and welfare of the respondents.  To inspect particular research events and To ensure that research schemes for their ethical To guard/protect human is directed in a manner reliability, considering participants, their that assists welfares of issues such as the dignity, rights and persons, groups and/or controlling risk, welfare. civilization as a whole. protection of privacy and the progression of informed consent. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH ETHICS  Collect the facts and talk over Collect intellectual belongings openly Outline Outline the ethical matters Detect the affected parties Detect (stakeholders) ENSURING Ascertain Ascertain the forfeits ETHICAL Recognize Recognize the responsibilities RESEARCH (principles, rights, justice) Contemplate your personality Contemplate and truthfulness Deliberate innovatively about Deliberate possible actions  ETHICAL PRINCIPLES DURING OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS  Public health should address Public health policies, programs, principally the fundamental Public health should achieve and priorities should be causes of disease and community health in a way that developed and evaluated requirements for health, aiming respects the rights of individuals through processes that ensure to prevent adverse health in the community. an opportunity for input from outcomes. community members. PRINCIPLE Public health should advocate for, or work for the Public health institutions should S OF THE empowerment of, Public health should seek the provide communities with the disenfranchised community information needed to information they have that is members, ensuring that the implement effective policies and needed for decisions on policies basic resources and conditions programs that protect and or programs and should obtain ETHICAL necessary for health are accessible to all people in the community. promote health. the community's consent for their implementation. PRACTICE OF PUBLIC Public health programs and Public health institutions should Public health programs and policies should incorporate a act in a timely manner on the policies should be implemented variety of approaches that information they have within the in a manner that most enhances anticipate and respect diverse HEALTH resources and the mandate the physical and social values, beliefs, and cultures in given to them by the public. environment. the community. Public health institutions should protect the confidentiality of Public health institutions and information that can bring harm their employees should engage Public health institutions should to an individual or community if in collaborations and affiliations ensure the professional made public. Exceptions must in ways that build the public's competence of their employees. be justified on the basis of the trust and the institution's high likelihood of significant effectiveness. harm to the individual or others. Recognition/identification Data collection/gathering of the issue STEPS IN THE Evaluation of morally Framing the issues relevant conditions and considerations PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING Implementation of Evaluation of decision- decision making process  To ensure dignity, rights and welfare of the people/citizens. To foster major development in health research, scientific advances, newer vaccines, and drugs. To balance respect for individual freedom and liberty. To make the government responsible to provide their citizens with some degree of protection in relation to health IMPORTANCE To build trust between the public health professionals and the people. OF ETHICS FOR To promote social and moral values. PUBLIC HEALTH Ethics help to internationalize the public health issues. PROFESSIONAL To ensure individual sovereignty and liberty of the people. S To understand the fundamental issues raised in public health over the role of governments; to identify the shortcomings of existing models in bioethics and dealing with such issues; and To ensure global relevance of health and public health that makes these issues so pertinent Ethical standards uphold the values that are vital to cooperative work, such as belief, answerability, mutual respect, and impartiality. Public-health ethics are also an important deliberation at an international level to ensure international support and collaboration. THE END