Perspectives in the Study of Philippine Art PDF

Perspectives in the Study of Philippine Art Prepared by : Cecilia S. De La Paz, Ph.D.  Historical Stylistic Perspectives in the Study of Philippine Art Thematic Cultural  Historical Perspective ART Pre-conquest Hispani...

Perspectives in the Study of Philippine Art Prepared by : Cecilia S. De La Paz, Ph.D.  Historical Stylistic Perspectives in the Study of Philippine Art Thematic Cultural  Historical Perspective ART Pre-conquest Hispanic American Japanese Postwar Republic II Republic III FORM / Occupation Occupation Occupation Period / / Martial Globalization and Austronesian and and and Republic Law Period Transnationalization Links Resistances Resistances Resistances I (Porma ng Chinese 1521-1898 Sining) Hindu 1899-1940 Islamic 1941-1945 1946- 1972- 1986 1972 1986- present  The changing functions of works of art The changing roles of artists Art History in society as Perspective Development of art styles Art historiography as the narratives of art practices  Stylistic Perspective Form Precolonial Spanish Colonial / Islamic American Colonial/ Modern Postmodern or Japanese Colonial Contemporary Religious (animist or Islamic) Religious Classical 13 moderns Collaborative Idyllic Neorealist Hyper-realist Community-based Secular Nostalgic Abstract Neo-expressionist Expressionist Neofigurative Everyday life Academic Surrrealism Social realist Cubism Conceptual Inter-ethnic relations Performance art Mabini art Installation/ site- specific Collective history New Media Sound art Public art  Thematic Perspective Form Location Patronage Encounters And Mode Of Exchange Religion And Belief Identity Formation Interventions Land and people Power relations Mythology Ethnicity State Trade systems and relations Geopolitical space Colonialism Ritual Nationalism Market Mass media Technology Imperialism commodification Worship Class Communities Local culture Global capitalism Social Media re-mediation Cosmology Race Social Institutions Town War and revolutions Folklore Gender City Metropolis Diaspora Region Nation Diaspora  Cultural Perspective Art Austronesian/ Islamic / Muslim Folk / Lowland Fine / Art Popular / Urban Form/ Indigenous/ Catholic World-based and Mass Southeast Asian Mediated Hypermedia Ritual and Ritual and Colonial and Museum- Mass-produced Governance Organized Religion post colonial circulated (Ritwal at Market oriented organisadong Artist-centered relihiyon Social media/ Gallery- interactive distributed Manunggul Jar, 890-710 BC, earthenware Maitum Jars, 5 BCE to CE 70-370, Clay The Boxer Codex Primary source of information on pre- Hispanic society and culture Anonymous late 16th century manuscript (1590) acquired by C.R. Boxer Discovered after WW2  307 pages describing the lands and inhabitants of the Philippines, Moluccas, Java, Siam, China and Japan. Includes 75 colored and richly illuminated illustrations of these regions 15 depicts Filipinos Graphic Arts 16th –17 century: Woodcut (xylography) didactic function of prayer books Doctrina Christiana (1593) artisans: sangley (Chinese) living in the Parian  Church Paintings Images of Heaven, Hell and Earth Images based on liturgical texts Mga Ninuno VIII, 1976-79 Etchings, mixed media, serigraphs Imelda Cajipe- Endaya Murillo Velarde Map, 1734 Nicolas dela Cruz Bagay and Francsico Suarez Aspecto Simbolico del Mundo Hispanico 1761, grabado Lorenzo (Laureano) Atlas Simbahang Miag-ao, 1731; disenyo ng puno ng niyog at lokal na flora at fauna; halimbawa ng Philippine baroque Simbahan ng Betis Basi Revolt Series - 1821 14 pintura na likha ni Esteban Villanueva mula Vigan Pinagwa ng pamahalaang kolonyal upang maging ilustrasyon ng “aral” sa mga lumalaban sa estado Depiksyon ng mga kaganapan noong 1786 ukol sa pagkontrol at paglimita ng produksyon basi ng estado at ang sumunod na pag-aalsa ng mga Ilokano. Characteristics: Tipos del pais > types of people rather than an individual Occupations of Filipinos in the 19th century Social hierarchy through the clothes  Images of the ilustrado as the new patrons 19thcentury of the arts, rather than the church Portrait Paintings Secular function of the art to denote wealth Justiniano Asuncion (1816- 1896) and prestige Antonio Malantic (1820- 1885) Showcase material wealth and learning Simon Flores y de la Rosa through clothing , jewelry, and possessions (1839-1904) Vicente Villaseñor (active bet. 1860-1880) Oil on canvas Dionisio de Castro Ysidro Arceo Style of “Miniaturismo”  Conventions of Imagery: Formality, seriousness, nobility from western traditions of neo-classicism In 1864, Fray Modesto de Castro published Pagsusulatan nang Dalauang Binibini na si Urbana at Felisa, which influenced public morals (shyness, religious piety, obeys and follows traditions).  Use of the baro’t saya/barong prefigures sitters within a “native” habit paintings as biographical “manuscripts” of local principalias Significance: accumulation of capital based on economic surplus Visual documentation of aesthetics of the ilustrado / mestizo class that blended western modes with traditional materials 19th embroidery on piña and jusi : provinces of Ilokos, Camarines, Bulacan, Laguna, Batangas, Iloilo and Cebu; elaborate sleeves for embroidery Presence of religious icons, books, fan and handkerchief as possessions Jewelries of ladies implies the wealth of the family Letras Y Figuras Popular with govt. officials and rich traders, mestizo, Spaniards Glory of the “name” and their status Watercolor, showing fine details Jose Honorato Lozano (1820- 1880), aka “Pepeng Bahia” Lozano is from Sampaloc, Manila Country Scene 19thc, Burda gamit ang buhok ng tao Adelaida Paterno Spoliarium 1884, Oil on canvas 425 x 775 cm. Juan Luna National Museum Collection España y Filipinas 1886, Oil on canvas Juan Luna Eugenio Lopez Foundation Collection Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo La Tragedia del Gobernador Fernando de Bustamante y Bustillos Felix Martinez tipos de pais and academic anatomy studies Guererro Aeta, 1886 Igorrote, 1886 Brochure and cover of booklet, St Louis World’s Fair, 1904 Captain Alex Davis’ Child and Nurse, Source: CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine MamaKinley, 2003, 1898-1907, Photo ni Harry Harnish, Art (Visual Arts), vol 5,, 2017 Oil on Canvas, ni Alfredo Esquillo Jr. Primeras Letras, 1890 Recuerdos de Filipinas, 1895 Simon Flores Felix Laureano Planting Rice, Fabian de la Rosa, 1921 Kenkoy, created 1929 Tony Velasquez When the Mistress is Away 1936 Gabino Congson Bonifacio Monument, 1933 Guillermo Tolentino Kaganapan, 1952 Napolen Abueva The Builders 1928 Victorio Edades Brown Madonna, 1938, by Galo Ocampo Madonna of the Slums, 1950, by Vicente Manansala Jeepneys 1951 Vicente Manansala Post-war Manila in ruins Squatters 1961 Vicente Manansala Barung-barong, Ang Kiukok, 1961 Flagellantes 1953 Galo Ocampo Bonifacio Mural 1964 Carlos ‘Botong’ Francisco Military Rule Next? 22 July 1972 Editorial Cartoon, Philippine Free Pres Esmeraldo “EZ” Izon Protest Art “Protest art sets itself against the prevailing social, political, “For us, therefore, the question 'for whom is art?' and economic conditions. It is is a crucial and significant an art which is primarily one of one. And our experiences exposure, showing striking lead us to the answer that images of the inequitable, art is for the masses." unjust, and inhuman conditions - Kaisahan Manifesto, 1976 in which people live.” Dr. Alice Guillermo, Protest / Revolutionary Art in the ---------------------------------- Philippines (1970-1990), 2001 Social Realism Spoliarium ng Ating Panahon Circa 1970 Nagkakaisang Progresibong Artista at Arkitekto (NPAA) Spoliarium 1884, Oil on canvas Spoliarium ng Ating Panahon 425 x 775 cm. Circa 1970 Juan Luna Nagkakaisang Progresibong Artista at Arkitekto (NPAA) National Museum Collection BenCab Ang Tao Acrylic sa papel 1972 Koleksyon ng Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas Brown Brothers’ Burden 1972 BenCab Panginoong Maylupa Pablo Baens Santos 1979 Ang Mabuhay sa Takot Al Manrique, c. 1970’s  Short pants na ito ay binurdahan Match Box Artworks, 1973 ng barbed wire ni Pio Verzola sa loob ng pinintahang kahon ng posporo na likha ni Jose “Butch” Dalisay at Pio Verzola Ipil Rehabilitation Center, Fort Bonifacio sa loob ng Ipil Rehabilitation Center, Fort Bonifacio noong 1973. Krista (Female Christ), 1984 Pablo Baens Santos Ateneo Art Collection Makaalis kaya si Huwan at Mariya sa ilalim ng anino ni Samuel Agila 1989 Kahapon, Ngayon at Pangarap 1990 Edgar Talusan Fernandez Man and Eagle 1987 Ang Kiukok Edgar Fernandez, Disposable Dictator 1987 Justice for Aquino, Justice for All, 1983 Papo de Asis kasama ng mga miyembro ng Artista ng Bayan (Abay), Binhi Art Group, at Kabataang Artista ng Tondo Justice for All Women Martyrs and Heroes, 1984 (KATAG) Concerned Artists of the Philippine Koleksyon ng Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation Larawan mula kay Efren Ricalde  Erapzilla Effigy Glo Gagamba 2000 2002 UgatLahi Collective UgatLahi Collective Sining Protesta Mga Effigies ni Cory Aquino, Noynoy Aquino, Rodrigo Duterte, at BBM Kalahating Siglo ng Daluyong, 2022 Oil on Canvas Mural commissioned by Bayan Photo by Renato Reyes, Jr. Desaparecidos San Daimos 2015, Palma Hall 2016, UPD Bulwagan ng Dangal Toym Imao Toym Imao  Impunity and Suffering , 2018 Ezra Acayan EJK Monolo Sicat, 2017 Installed in Bulwagan ng Dangal Museum Problematize the notion that “art is a reflection or a mirror of society” – the theory of Mimesis (imitation / reflection) Social constructionist approach – we construct the world and its meaning Agraryong Rebolusyon 1990/2008, Rubbercut Neil Doloricon Cian Dayrit, Feudal Fields 2018 objects and embroidery on fabric , 6x5 ft Leeroy New Mebuyan’s Colony 2022, Arete, Ateneo De Manila Unpath 1984 Junyee Dito sa may Ilog Tumana 2015 Art Installation Nathalie Dagmang Alay na Ginhawa sa Gitna ng Pandemya, 2021 Jadie Regala Pasaylo Mindanao Steel Life 101.5 cm x 80 cm mixed media art Rameer Tawasil Content Creation : “meme” THE REPLACEMENTS, 2022 The results of Emil Mercado’s prompt “Out of work artist replaced by AI” on Midjourney. Source: https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/asked-artists-how-they-felt-ai-generated-art-lot-of-feelings/ BGC Murals as public art Public Art The Victor 2023, perforated steel, 50 m / 60m w base Location: Bridgetown, Pasig Jefre