Contemporary Philippine Arts From The Region (CPAR) PDF

1 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM by the edge was found on his chest. The shell THE REGION (CPAR) ornaments were dated 4854 B.C. Agono Petroglyphs are the oldest known works of...

1 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM by the edge was found on his chest. The shell THE REGION (CPAR) ornaments were dated 4854 B.C. Agono Petroglyphs are the oldest known works of art in the Philippines located in the province of Rizal. There are 127 human and animal figures PHILIPPINE ART HISTORY: A Quick Look at the engraved on the rockwall probably carved during Different Art Forms and Styles the late Neolithic (3000 BC) Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD) Aesthetics Duyong Cave, Palawan a kind of ear pendant fashioned from green ▪ a set of principles concerned with the nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the Early nature and appreciation of beauty, Metal Age. One of the finest jade ornaments found especially in art. to date is the double- headed pendant recovered ▪ the branch of philosophy that deals with from Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the the principles of beauty and artistic taste. superb craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade. ▪ it emerged during the 18th century in Manunggul Jar Europe and developed in England as Burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in philosophers grouped together such fields Manunggul cave of Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point at as poetry, sculpture, music, and dance. Palawan dating from 890–710 B.C. æsthetics and esthetics, the word is derived Important Works from the Ancient Greek aisthetikos meaning Maitum Jar "esthetic, sensitive, sentient, pertaining to (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD) In 1991, the National Museum archaeological team sense perception which in turn was derived discovered anthropomorphic secondary burial jars from “aisthanomai”, meaning "I perceive, in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani feel, sense" Province, Mindanao, Philippines. Surigao gold objects’ date-stamp could be placed PRE-COLONIAL ART PERIOD in the span of the 10th to the 13th centuries, A.D., (6185 BC TO 1520 AD) pre-Hispanic era (watercolor image from the Boxer Codex) AGE OF HORTICULTURE/ NEOLITHIC Pre Colonial Art Forms PERIOD (6185 to 4,400 BC) Pre-colonial traditional art have religious symbols, METAL AGE (3190 to 190 BC) every day activity such as fishing, farming, etc., or IRON AGE (200 BC TO 1000 BC) a specific decorative art pattern to the community Local communities are being It has either the influence of local religion established and art starts to go beyond mere craft, (animistic) or Islamic based i.e. stone weapons or jewelry but starts to have There is also an exchange of art aesthetics decorative elements, meaning and context. and art processes with the Chinese and other Asian countries who frequents as Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) traders with our indigenous groups. Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan Baybayin 16000-8000 BC a Tagalog ancient script also known in Visayan as The proof of earliest man’s presence was recovered badlit, derived from Brahmic scripts of India and from a ranch site in Cagayan Province-two flake first recorded in the 16th century. It continued to tools dated about.9 million years, the oldest man- be used during the Spanish colonization of the made object associated with the fossils of a Philippines up until the late 19th century. proboscidean, a prehistoric elephant. Other flake tools are recovered in Tabon Caves, Palawan and Other Pre-Colonial Art some stone tools in Bolobok Cave, Sanga-Sanga in Pottery Tawi-Tawi Weaving Notable Art Pieces/ Art Works Tattoo Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic) Jewelry Cagayan, Palawan, and Sorsogon Carving 4854 BC Metal Crafts Shells were fashioned into tools, as well as ornaments. The oldest known ornaments made Unchanged Art Design still existing from cone shells were found in the early 1960’s in The Okir (motif) is an artistic cultural heritage of the the grave of an adult male in Duyong Cave in Maranaos of Lanao, Philippines. Palawan. A shell disk with a hole in the center was found next to his right ear and a disk with a hole  2 It is as an artistic design of the Maranao native to study abroad, a more “academic” and inhabitants of southern Philippines beginning from “western” approach has been learned. the early 6th Century C.E. before the Islamization of Filipino Classicism is formed that borrows the area. the Neo-Classicism, Romanticism and even Okir is a design or pattern often rendered or a hint of Impressionism curved in hardwood, brass, silver and wall painting The Father of Filipino Painting: Damian Domingo in curvilinear lines and Arabic geometric figures. First Filipino to paint his face, the first Self- Common Theme of the Okir Portrait in the Philippines Torogan known as the flower symbol of the Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y ancestral home of the highest titleholder in Pintura, the first school of drawing in the a Maranao village. The prominent part is Philippines (1821) panolong, carved beam that protrudes in One of the known artists of the decorative the front of the house symbolizes power art illustrations tipos del pais watercolor and prestige. paintings that depict local costumes. It also Nāga or serpent are often depicted as became an album of different native guardians of temples and water bodies. costumes. Sarimanok, a chicken-like figure that carries First of Two Internationally Renowned Artist a fish in its beak symbolizing sustenance 1. Juan Luna y Novicio was a Filipino painter, and abundance. sculptor and political activist of the Patterns of the Okir Philippine Revolution during the late 19th In the book of Dr. Nagasura Madale, it explains that century. the Okir has patterns which are used by the His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the Maranao artists. 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts 1. Matilak (circle) 2. Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo was one of the 2. Poyok (bud) greatest Filipino painters along with fellow 3. Dapal (leaf) painter Juan Luna in the 19th century. His 4. Pako (fern or spiral form) work has a touch of Romanticism and 5. Todi (fern leaf with spiral at upper edge) aesthetics of the Neoclassicism 6. Pako lungat (fern leaf with a cut at one edge) Two Filipino Art Styles developed during the Another elements found Dr. Madale are: Naga, Spanish Period obid-obid binotoon, kianoko, pakonai and tialitali. Miniaturismo art style that pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the costume. Modern Interpretation of the Okir Rendered in an Letras y Figuras art style that fuses letters Art Work with figures in every day activity amidst a Sarimanok and Fish common background. Usually used in Abdulmari Asia Imao painting a patron’s full name. National Artist for Painting Acrylic on Canvas 24" x 24" AMERICAN COLONIAL ART PERIOD (1898- 2011 1946) Architecture: Lean to, Tausug house, Torogan, The American brought in Education and Ifugao House Value Formation, with both following the “American way of life” (Alice Guillermo, Sining Biswal, 1994, p. 4) SPANISH COLONIAL ART PERIOD Art Illustration, Advertising and Commercial (1521-1898) Design gained popularity and incorporated Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture and in Fine Arts. Architecture which was inspired by the Painting themes still largely favored Genre Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque and Rococo art Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life; styles. Portraits are reserved for high-ranking Most art works are Religious (Catholic) officials with a more academic approach to based make the subject more formal. Art works bear the Philippine themed décor even with Spanish influence Popular Art Styles in American Period 1. Art Nouveau Uprising of the Philippine Artist a style of decorative art, architecture, and In the formation of the elite Filipino class, design prominent in western Europe and the Ilustrado, paved way for the rich locals the US from about 1890 until World War I  3 and characterized by intricate linear designs set by the creation of the Art Association of the and flowing curves based on natural forms. Philippines (AAP) that in a way has a strong leaning 2. Art Deco with the Modernist than the Conservatives (the also called style moderne, movement in traditional art also termed as the Amorsolo School) the decorative arts and architecture that originated in the 1920s and developed into a major style in western Europe VARIOUS ARTFORMS and the United States during the 1930s. It characterized by simple, clean Timeline of Philippine Arts shapes, often with a “streamlined” look; Ethnic Arts (Pre-13th C. AD)- Arts are for ritual ornament that is geometric or stylized purposes or for everyday use. from representational forms; and Islamic Arts (13th C. AD)- Characterized by unusually varied, often expensive geometric designs and patterns, eliciting focus materials from the believers. Spanish Era (1521-1898)- Art became a Notable Artist: Fabian Dela Rosa handmaiden by religion, serving to propagate the brightest name in Philippine painting Catholic faith and thus support the colonial order after Luna and certainly the leading Master at the same time of Genre in the first quarter of the century. American Era (1898-1940)- Commercial and His nephews are artist, Pablo and Fernando advertising arts were integrated into the fine arts Amorsolo. curriculum. Moreover, they favored idyllic scenery Notable Artist: Fernando Amorsolo and secular forms of art. a portraitist and painter of rural landscapes. Japanese Era (1941-1945)- Advocate for the He is best known for his craftsmanship and culture of East Asia, preference was given to the mastery in the use of light. indigenous art and traditions of the Philippines. His art styles: Impressionism, Luminism, This emphasized their propaganda of Asia Realism with subjects inspired by Philippine belonging to the Asians. genre and historical, nudes and society Modern Era (1946-1969)- Art began after World portraits War II and the granting of independence. Artists First awardee of the National Artist Award posed the question of national identity as the main in 1972 theme of various art forms. Contemporary Art (1970s- present)- Offshoot of Guillermo Tolentino social realism brought about by the Martial Law. the National Artist Awards for Sculpture in Arts became an expression of people’s aspiration 1973. for a just, free, and sovereign society. He is considered as the "Father of Philippine Arts" because of his great works The word ‘art’ came from Latin word ‘ars’ signified like the famous "Bonifacio Monument" skilled work; it did not mean art as we might symbolizing Filipinos' cry for freedom and understand it today, but a craft activity demanding "The Oblation" in UP signifying academic a high level of technical ability including tapestry freedom. weaving, goldsmith’s work, or embroidery. Emergence of Philippine Pre-Modern Art: Art is the expression or application of human Introduced Modern Art styles such as pop art, creative skill and imagination producing works to maximalism, minimalism, abstraction, be appreciated primarily for their beauty or expressionism, constructivism, magic realism, and emotional power. environmental art before World War II. Minor Arts (Utilitarian or Practical Arts)- are Post-Colonial Art intended for (1946-1986) practical use or utility. It is the changing of raw The study of determining what is Philippine materials for utilitarian purposes. However, they Contemporary Art Period is still being determined must possess ornaments or artistic qualities to since the word has been used loosely even during make them useful and beautiful. the American Colonial Period. However, some Philippine art historians/critics have always been 1. Industrial Art follower of the Western Art Style and its trends at It is the changing of raw materials into some that point and thus, suggested that this was the significant product for human consumption point where Philippine Modern Art Period started or use. Examples of this are shell-craft, bamboo- but went only full swing only after the war. This is craft, leathercraft, shoe-making, pottery-making,  4 sheet - metalwork, and the manufacture of human figures, figurines, stands for automobiles, home appliances and television sets. lampshades, pottery, etc. 2. Applied or Household Art 1.3 Architecture- This art is expressed through This refers mostly to household arts such as flower rhythmic features, such as the windows, arrangement, interior decoration, dressmaking, ornaments, columns, and tile flooring. homemaking, embroidery, cooking, and others. 2. Auditory or Time Arts- are primarily heard. They 3. Civic Art are also known as ‘time arts’, because they exist This includes city or town planning, maintenance in time. and beautification of parks, plazas, roads, bridges 2.1 Literature- Includes the writing of poems, and farms. It refers to civic planning and short- stories, novels, plays, histories, biographies, beautification in order to improve the standards of and essays. It is also known as fine writing. living. 2.2 Music- It is the combination of sounds. It is 4. Commercial Art said to be the most dynamic, most emotional, This involves business propaganda in the form of most universal, and most abstract of all fine advertisements in newspapers and magazines, sign arts. painting, billboard announcements, leaflets, 3. Combined or Performing Arts- combine both the displays, poster designing, movie illustrations and visual and auditory elements. They are usually many more. performed onstage, or on the screen. 5. Graphic Art 3.1 Circus- Its entertainment generally consists of It is anything printed from raised or sunken reliefs displays of horsemanship; exhibitions by and plane surfaces. gymnasts, aerialists, wild-animal trainers, and 6. Agricultural Art performing animals; and comic pantomime by This refers to agronomy (crop production), clowns. horticulture (garden or orchard cultivation), 3.2 Dance- It is based upon music or any rhythmic husbandry (raising of cows, carabaos, poultry, and sound. It is characterized by rhythmic or swine), and farming. repetition. 7. Business Art 3.3 Opera- This is a stage drama with orchestral This includes merchandising, accounting, accompaniment, in which music is the dominant bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography, element, the performers singing all or most of salesmanship and business administration. their lines. 8. Distributive Art 3.4 Pantomime (mime)- It is a dramatic This deals with advertising, marketing, representation by means of facial expressions warehousing, packaging, and shipping of and body movements rather than words. articles or goods. 3.5 Puppet Show- A theatrical performance that 9. Fishery Art uses puppets as characters wherein audiences It includes shallow and deep-sea fishing, fish perceive life and spirit from their movement, refrigeration and culture, and net weaving. their shape, and other aspects of their 10. Medical or Clinical Art performance. It includes first aid treatments, medicinal 3.6 Drama- This includes acting, directing, stage manufacturing, surgery, medical operations, setting, stage lighting, and public speaking. rehabilitation 3.7 Theatre- It is one of the oldest and most and others. popular forms of entertainment, in which actors perform live for an audience on a stage or in another space designated for the performance. Major Arts (Fine or Aesthetic) are primarily for 3.8 Singing- It is an individual or group aesthetic enjoyment through the senses, especially interpretation of a song or music. visual and auditory. It is the changing of certain 3.9 Motion Picture- It is a series of images that are materials or media for aesthetic pleasure. projected onto the screen that create the illusion of motion. Motion pictures, also called movies, Divisions of Major Art: films, or the cinema—are one of the most 1. Visual Arts- are also known as ‘space arts’ popular entertainment enabling people to because they occupy space. immerse themselves in an imaginary world for a 1.1 Painting—This art is expressed either by line, short period of time. form, texture, value, or color. It is used as decoration, an educational device, and an advertisement. 1.2 Sculpture- This art is expressed by carving, shaping, or modeling. It deals mostly with