Personality Disorders.docx

Personality Disorders Objectives ========== At the end of the session participants will be able to: - Define the terms Personality and Personality Disorder - State the Characteristics of Personality Disorders - State three Causes of Personality Disorders - Identify the ten types of Per...

Personality Disorders Objectives ========== At the end of the session participants will be able to: - Define the terms Personality and Personality Disorder - State the Characteristics of Personality Disorders - State three Causes of Personality Disorders - Identify the ten types of Personality Disorders - Discuss the characteristics of the ten types of Personality Disorders - Discuss the Management of clients with Personality Disorders - Create a Plan of Care for a client diagnosed with a Personality Disorder Definitions =========== - Personality is a person\'s characteristic behavior in response to experiences. - Personality Disorder results when the behavior interferes with or complicates social and interpersonal function Characteristics of Personality Disorders ---------------------------------------- - Personality Disorders are described as inflexible and maladaptive ways of relating to and perceiving the world. - The pattern lasts over a period of time and affects the occupational, personal and social areas of the persons\' life. - The pattern can be traced to adolescence and early adulthood and influences affect, impulse control, cognition, and interpersonal functioning - Individuals with personality disorders cannot change but can be treated and motivated to improve functioning and relationships. Etiology -------- Personality disorders result from complex biological and psychosocial occurrences influenced by many variables involving genetics, neurobiology, chemistry, and environmental factors. ### Biological Factors - Genetics are thought to influence the development of personality disorders - Neurobiological - the chemical neurotransmitter theory proposes that certain neurotransmitters may regulate and influence personality ### Psychological Factors - Learning and cognitive theories emphasize that children develop maladaptive responses based on modelling and reinforcement of important persons in their childhood life. - While the role of beliefs and assumptions in creating emotional and behavioral responses are influenced by the family. ### Environmental Factors - The family environment influences one\'s development, there are other environmental factors outside of the family upbringing that shapes an individual\'s personality. - Example: no two siblings are raised the same way Risk Factors ------------ Family history of personality disorders or other mental illness \"Abusive, unstable or chaotic family life during childhood - Being diagnosed with childhood conduct disorder - Variations in brain chemistry and structure Paranoid Personality Disorder is characterized by: -------------------------------------------------- - Envy - Jealousy - Rigidity - Blames others - Hypersensitivity - Unwarranted suspicion - Excessive self-importance - Ascribe evil motives to others Schizoid Personality Disorder is characterized by: -------------------------------------------------- - Shyness - Eccentricity - Daydreaming - Seclusiveness, this is the tendency to isolate oneself from social contacts or human relationships. - Oversensitivity - Ability to recognize reality - Ability to express hostility and aggression - Avoidance of close or competitive relationships Schizotypal Personality Disorder -------------------------------- - is similar to schizoid personality. - The person also exhibits slight losses of reality testing, has odd beliefs and is aloof *(Someone who\'s aloof isn\'t warm and friendly, instead being distant and reserved. That emotionally cold and detached fellow who keeps to himself, drinking espresso and reading French philosophy, would best be described as aloof)*. and withdrawn Antisocial Personality Disorder ------------------------------- - deals with persons in conflict with society. - These persons are disloyal, selfish, irresponsible, impulsive, blames others and is unable to feel guilt or learn from experiences.. Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by: ---------------------------------------------------- - Instability - Chaotic sexuality - Self-mutilating behaviour - Ambivalence (doubt, indecisive) - Feeling of emptiness and boredom - ·Impulsiveness - Suicidal acts - Identity problems Histrionic Personality ---------------------- Histrionic means overly theatrical or melodramatic in character or style Histrionic personality Disorder is characterized by: - Vanity - Over reactivity - Immaturity - Dependency - Emotional instability - Excitability - Low frustration tolerance - Self-dramatization (attention seeking) Narcissistic Personality Disorder --------------------------------- Narcissistic mean having an excessive or erotic interest in oneself and one\'s physical appearance: Narcissistic personality is characterized by: - Envy - Manipulation - Lack of empathy - Grandiose feelings - Sense of entitlement - Need for attention and admiration Avoidant Personality Disorder is characterized by: -------------------------------------------------- - Low levels of energy - Easily fatigued - Lack of enthusiasm - Inability to enjoy life - Oversensitivity to stress Dependent Personality Disorder is characterized by: --------------------------------------------------- - Passive and submissive behaviour - The person is unsure of him or her self - Is entirely dependent on others Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder ----------------------------------------- - Excessive concern with conformity (order or rules) and standards of conscience (morals and ethics) - Rigidity in performing tasks - Over conscientious, - Over inhibited (continuously doing something without thinking) - Unable to relax (punctual, precise, mean, or stingy) Example: Monk (movie) Other Personality Disorders --------------------------- - Personality change due to another Medical Condition - This category includes alterations to a person\'s personality due to a medical condition. Example: brain tumour - Unspecified Personality Disorder This category involves personality traits that do not fit any of the patterns previously described Management ========== Clients are managed by a multidisciplinary team comprised of a, or, an,: - Social worker - Psychiatric Nurse - occupational Therapist - Psychiatrist - Psychologist - Pharmacist Management is done using: ------------------------- - Psychotherapy - Pharmacotherapy - Client and Family Education Psychotherapy which may include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) Pharmacotherapy - treating the symptoms which may arise from the personality disorder - Antipsychotic drugs for aggression or psychosis - Anti-anxiolytics drugs for anxiety - Mood stabilizers for mood swings - Antidepressants for depression Client and Family Education --------------------------- - Share personality disorder with the client and family and educate about the disorder - Assist client and family to identify troublesome behaviour (temper tantrums), alternate responses and triggers - Clients who act out using suicidal gestures must be assisted to develop impulse control strategies and be taught alternative behaviors - It is better to help the client come to a conclusion instead of telling the client what they did - Example: Con you see why your friend was angry when you break the windscreen? instead of - You broke the windscreen that\'s why your friend is angry with you. - The client must be motivated and be willing to change, develop a trusting relationship to facilitate criticism or frustration as some client believe the problem is with everyone else and not himself or herself.