The American System (1820s) PDF

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM 1820s - Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry. 1. Strong banking system for easy, abundant credit. 2. Protective tariff for eastern manufacturing. 3. System of roads and canals, especially in...

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM 1820s - Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry. 1. Strong banking system for easy, abundant credit. 2. Protective tariff for eastern manufacturing. 3. System of roads and canals, especially in the Ohio Valley, to transport foodstuffs, raw materials and manufactured goods Significance: Knit country together economically and politically, highlighted nationalism, created Erie Canal and Cumberland Road (though Monroe vetoed federal sponsorship of building projects) THE PRESIDENTS: WASHINGTON THROUGH MADISON The Ultimate Guide to the Presidents: How the Presidency was Formed (1789-1825) | History The United States of America was a bold invention of enormous risk. An 8-year war of independence, followed by intense political debate produced a government of, by and for the people, in Season 1, Episode 1, "Assume The Position 1789-1825". #TheUltimateGuidetothePresidents Subscribe for more from The Ultimate Guide to the Presidents and other great HISTORY shows: http://histv.co/SubscribeHistoryYT Check out exclusive HISTORY content: History Newsletter - https://histv.co/newsletter Website - https://histv.co/History Facebook - https://histv.co/Facebook Twitter - https://histv.co/Twitter "The Ultimate Guide to the Presidents" offers a fresh perspective on how the Oval Office has evolved over the past 200 years through stories about the 43 men who have served as commander-in-chief and the ebbs and flows of presidential power and responsibilities. HISTORY® is the leading destination for award-winning original series and specials that connect viewers with history in an informative, immersive, and entertaining manner across all platforms. The network’s all-original programming slate features a roster of hit series, premium documentaries, and scripted event programming. JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY MOVING WEST THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MARKET ECONOMY  BIG QUESTION: Analyze the political, economic, and social changes that occurred during the first half of the 19th century. THE END OF THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1824 - Corrupt Bargain - No electoral majority → John Quincy Adams appoints Clay Secretary of State and House selects Adams as president 1828 - Adams & the Tariff of Abominations → Nullification Crisis - raised the price of manufactured goods and represented increased power of Federal gov John C. Calhoun helps SC pen doctrine of nullification ANDREW JACKSON Spoils System - Jackson appoints political supporters to positions based on loyalty vs. talent/experience Bank War - Said the rechartering was “harmful to the nation” & the bank was unconstitutional. Withdrew deposits & charter expired in 1836. President Jackson had “won” the Bank War. state banks begin printing paper money not backed by gold or silver & speculation runs wild. The nation plunges into an economic depression in 1837. Continuation of the ongoing debate about the proper role of the Federal Government I am one of those who do not believe that a national debt is a national blessing, but rather a curse to a republic; inasmuch as it is calculated to raise around the administration a moneyed aristocracy dangerous to the liberties of the country. INDIAN REMOVAL Broke previous treaties Jackson’s 1830 Indian Removal Act provided for the transplanting of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi to a newly established Indian territory where they would be “permanently” free of white encroachment. Outcome: Some resisted and some were forcibly removed (Cherokee on the Trail of Tears 1838- 1839) POLITICAL CHANGES Election of 1840 - slogans of “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” Whigs advocated this “poor man’s president” “New Democracy” - based on universal white manhood suffrage. The Whigs The Democrats Favored a renewed national bank, protective Glorified the liberty of the individual. tariffs, internal improvements, public Clung to states’ rights and federal limitations schools, and moral reforms. in social and economic affairs. Mostly aristocratic and wealthier. Mostly humble, poorer folk. Generally from the East. Generally from the South and West. MOVING WEST: Transportation Revolution - steamboats, roads & canals → development of a unified continental economy ○ Steamboats (Robert Fulton) → canal boom → more cities along canal routes ○ Railroads - boom in 1830s & 1840s 6 states admitted 1815 - 1821 MOVING WEST: MEXICO After independence from Spain, the Mexican gov made a deal with Stephen Austin to bring US settlers 1835 - dictator Santa Anna started to raise an army to suppress the Texans - “Remember the Alamo!” ○ Americans objected to this shift toward authoritarianism 1836 - Sam Houston leads Texans to victory at Battle of San Jacinto Many Texans wanted to become part of the Union, but the slavery issue blocked this. Independent Republic of Texas 1836 - 1845 FORGING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IMMIGRATION Influx of Germans & Irish - especially in 1840s with Irish potato famine Irish fill many low-paying factory jobs and clustered in cities like Boston & NY Political machines like Tammany Hall rose to prominence helping newcomers find food, jobs, etc. Nativism grows & Know-Nothing Party (“Order of the Star Spangled Banner”) established. Feared political influence of foreigners MECHANIZATION ○ Eli Whitney - cotton gin & interchangeable parts ○ Samuel Slater - father of factory system ○ Textiles - linking of northern factories and southern cotton plantations ○ Samuel Morse - telegraph replaces pony express Factories: working conditions improved in the 1820s & 30s with the mass vote given to workers - 10 hour day, higher wages, tolerable conditions, public education, a ban of imprisonment for debt ○ Market Revolution - more purchasing of consumer goods facilitated by transportation revolution  WOMEN IN THE 19TH C. “Cult of domesticity” - “separate spheres” that regulated gender roles in American society - especially middle/upper class Women outside the “domestic sphere”” Women’s Rights at Seneca Falls (1848) org. by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott Dorothea Dix: traveled the country, visiting different asylums; released a report on insanity and asylums Temperance Movement - led by Neal Dow - but popular among women: the nation’s “moral compass” Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women (1868). Lowell factories employed young women in textile production & implemented rigid rules and schedules REFORMS Utopian communities were created with goals of communal living, but all of them ultimately failed. Robert Owen: founded a society in New Harmony, Indiana Religious Movements: Second Great Awakening - camp meetings and tent revivals in informal settings, emphasis on feeling the presence of God -- beginning of evangelism with a more populist feel ○ gospel of female spiritual worth & role in bringing their families back to God. → women turned to saving the rest of society: charitable organizations and reforms. ○ Mormonism founded by Joseph Smith & succeeded by Brigham Young Tax-supported public education developed 1825-1850 - Horace Mann AMERICAN LITERATURE Before, most literature in America was imported from Britain. Following the War of 1812, American literature received a boost from the wave of nationalism and the arrival of romanticism ○ Washington Irving & James Fenimore Cooper Transcendentalism (1830s) knowledge transcends the senses and can't be found just by observation traits included self-reliance, self-culture, and self-discipline. Ralph Waldo Emerson: urged American writers to forget European traditions and write about American interests; wrote "The American Scholar," which was an intellectual declaration of independence. Henry David Thoreau: believed that people should ignore bodily desires and pursue truth through study and meditation (“Walden Pond”)