Perdev Sem 2 PDF

PERDEV What is Conflict? - dynamics when two or more people, WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE organizations or nations perceive one BETWEEN IGNORING & DENYING? another as a threat to their needs or interests. Confrontation - a perceive...

PERDEV What is Conflict? - dynamics when two or more people, WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE organizations or nations perceive one BETWEEN IGNORING & DENYING? another as a threat to their needs or interests. Confrontation - a perceived incompatibility of - when emotions are running high actions or goals between people or violent behavior usually occurs nations and happens when there is an use of foul language imbalance between concern for physical harm oneself and those of others. verbal threats public humiliation The Nature of Conflict spreading rumors - “Triggering event“, which happens filing lawsuit when an act of one party is perceived going on strike as a threat by the other party. - The triggering event produces as Strategies when in Conflict threatening feeling on the other party - According to John Crawley & and this is often followed by a strong Katherine Graham negative emotion like anger or - FIGHT, SUBMIT, FLEE, contempt. FREEZE Conflict Stages CAUSES OF CONFLICT (Christopher W. - According to United Nations Moore) Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) 5 CAUSES OF CONFLICT: publication on Conflict Negotiation Relationship Skills for Youth (2003) Data Interest 4 Stages of Conflict Structural Intrapersonal- with oneself Values Interpersonal- among other individual Intragroup- within the same group RELATIONSHIP Intergroup- between other groups - imbalance in recognizing and providing for the needs or interests Responses to Conflict: of the other party FIGHT OR FLIGHT FLIGHT RESPONSE BEHAVIORS ARE: Group or nations- perceived imbalance in AVOIDANCE the distribution or sharing of power and IGNORING resources DENIAL Causes of Relationship Conflicts VALUES Miscommunication - causes conflict when prioritization of Strong Emotions these values varies from one party to Stereotyping another Repetitive Negative Behavior - example: parents - safety, security, Causes of Conflict teenager-friendship DATA CAUSES OF VALUES CONFLICTS - lack or misinterpretation of data different ways of life, ideology, and worldview, among others CAUSES OF DATA CONFLICTS different criteria for evaluating ideas lack of information Misinformation COSTS OF CONFLICT differing views on data's relevance - stress that can affect one's health and Different interpretations of data well-being - one's self confidence INTEREST - doubt one's self worth - driven by needs, and when needs are - question one’s self values not met, conflict happens - when nations are in conflict, the costs are oftentimes higher: CAUSES OF INTEREST CONFLICTS disrupted lives perceived or actual competition over destruction of life and interests property procedural interests human misery psychological interest Displacement Hunger STRUCTURAL Disease - causes of conflict usually involve Death human organizations, social structures, or processes and In work organizations, conflict results in: procedures expensive litigations - example: labor and management decreased productivity CAUSES OF STRUCTURAL CONFLICTS poor working unequal authority relationships unequal control of resources resulting to time constraints breakdown of organizational teamwork Positive effects of Conflicts Negotiating through a Personal Conflict - when viewed positively, it can lead Situation to more growth and deepening of Understand the nature of conflict relationships. Acknowledge your feelings and - allows for issues to surface emotions - raises the awareness of both parties’ Examine your relationship with this needs person - allows emotions to be expressed Clarify your intentions - understands and accepts the If you wish to keep the relationship, uniqueness and differences of other have a talk with the person people Grant or request for forgiveness or - strengthens the resolve of the parties apology if necessary, then promise to to pursue common goals move on - encourages dialogue and ____________________________________ empowerment Conflict Management Styles FAMILY STRUCTURES & LEGACIES - According to Thomas and Killman According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2008), there are 2 dimensions to “family is a group of individuals living this conflict-handling behavior: under one roof usually under one head” ASSERTIVENESS & which may also be the definition of COOPERATIVENESS household Assertiveness- the extent to which a person According to a Filipino Sociologist, Belen will try to satisfy his or her won needs or T.G. Medina, defined interests family as, “two or more persons who share resources, share responsibility for Cooperativeness- the extent to which a decisions, share values and goals, and the person will attempt to satisfy the other commitment to each other over time” person’s needs or interests https://youtu.be/2pNWpojebjc?si=lhzN3qoX - Authoritarian parents have high lbKlHX4I expectations and are not flexible on them. INFLUENCES OF EXTENDED - The children might not even know a FAMILIES rule is in place until they’re punished POSITIVE: for breaking it. sense of stability in relationships - Children of authoritarian parents are sense of anchoring or rooting to the good at following instructions and family's history behave well. NEGATIVE: confusion NEGLECTFUL PARENTING STYLE - Fulfill the child’s basic needs, but AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING STYLE then pay little attention to the child. - Considered as the ideal style for its - These parents tend to offer minimal combination of warmth and nurturing and have few expectations flexibility while still making it clear or limitations for their child. that the parents are in charge. - It is not always a conscious choice - Parents explain reasons for the rules parents make, but forced by and consequences for breaking them. circumstance, such as the need to - Parents also listen to their child's work late shifts, single parenting, opinions, but the parent remains the mental health concerns or overall ultimate decision maker. family troubles. PERMISSIVE PARENTING STYLE Authoritative parenting is the most - Permissive parents might pride recommended parenting style. themselves on being their child’s - The combination of clear best friend. communication and age-appropriate - These parents are warm and standards can lead to emotionally nurturing with open communication. stable adults who can handle They are actively involved in their themselves in social situations and children’s emotional well-being. set goals for themselves. - Children of permissive parents have the freedom to make decisions like To take this approach: what to eat, when to go to bed and Set clear boundaries and whether to do their homework. communicate them to children. Offer children choices and have AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING STYLE discussions about what’s appropriate. - This parenting uses strict rules, high Listen to and explore their children’s standards and punishment regulate emotional health concerns. the child’s behavior.  Frequently express love and affection. GENOGRAM - It is a graphic map of a family history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationships, major Career Selection among events, diseases, traditions, social Filipinos and personal beliefs and rituals, cultural heritage, religious beliefs, Seek out the most popular courses in values systems, philosophies about college that can offer best chances of life, and dynamics of a family over employment several generations. Education takes top priority among - Eg. Physical characteristics; genetic the majority of families after their or external factors- artistic, musical, family's basic necessities are met or literary abilities; social and College diploma can improve one's economic backgrounds- occupations life and careers, educational level, etc.; A college degree is a ticket out of family values; cultural background poverty ____________________________________ A way to garner respect and pride within one's community Career Good paying jobs and quick - an occupation undertaken for a employment has pushed many significant period of a person's life students to pursue college degrees and with opportunities for progress. that are not in consonance with their interests. Vocation Pressure to please parents- the basis - a strong feeling of suitability for a of a student's selection of course particular career or occupation. CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES According to Richard A. Hansen, Career Development is a “Continuous lifelong process of developmental experiences that focuses on seeking, obtaining, and processing information about self, occupational and educational alternatives, lifestyles, and role options” Career Development- Life experiences 1. Events we go through 2. Roles we play 3. Behaviors we acted out 4. Constant validation of who we are as a person 5. What inspires us and motivates us 6. What accomplishments give us fulfillment and meaning 4 Career Development Theories Trait and Factor Theory Personality Type-Work Environment Congruence Theory (By John Holland) Social Learning and Career Decision Social Learning and Career Decision Theory Theory Developmental or Life-Span or - This is based on Albert Bandura's Life-Space Theory theory of self-efficacy and John D. Krumboltz theory of social learning. TRAIT AND FACTOR THEORY - 4 main factors: genetic influences, By Frank Parson and E.G. Williamson environmental conditions, learning T: skills, values, interest, personality traits experiences, skills F: jobs factors or an occupational profile Albert Bandura's Theory of self-efficacy: PERSONALITY TYPE-WORK Self-efficacy is defined as the ENVIRONMENT CONGRUENCE belief in one's capabilities, to plan, THEORY organize, and execute actions that By John Holland will produce desired results. - Self-efficacy = Self-competence John D. Krumboltz theory of social learning: people choose their career based on what they know and have learned. Internal Factors affecting Choice of Career Self-concept or self-identity Motivation Personal Preferences Self-Confidence Personal Skills Personality Traits Personal Health Emotional Considerations Self-Sabotaging thoughts ELABORATED DAW IN PAGE 178 ____________________________________ CAREER PATHWAYS