PEH Notes PDF

BASIC SCIENCE OF STRESS STRESS, a worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. (WHO 2023) Stressors - is the stimulus that causes stress Types Eustress – good type of stress that pushes an individual to action, to do something Dis...

BASIC SCIENCE OF STRESS STRESS, a worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. (WHO 2023) Stressors - is the stimulus that causes stress Types Eustress – good type of stress that pushes an individual to action, to do something Distress – if stress and its effects becomes chronic or becomes detrimental to the individual How does Stress occur? Stress Hormones Adrenaline - it increases heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure for the fight-or-flight response Cortisol - triggers release of glucose from the liver to maintain or help energy levels during times of stress Mechanisms to lessen the impact of stress. Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities, any accomplishments of task increases the body’s dopamine that could be helpful in mitigating stress. Breathing, controlled breaths regulates the heart rate through the sinoatrial node. Long exhales reduces heart rate and vice versa for long inhales. Higher heart rate typically helps with the spread of stress hormones. FLAG FOOTBALL Flag Football, an invasion game whereas players should reach a space to score. It is also a Non-Contact sports, it alters the tackle mechanics* Rugby and American Football are known for and reduces full-on contacts. *Instead of physically tackling an opponent, the defensive team must capture the flag of an offensive player in possession of the ball. Essential Equipment and facility to play Flag Football: Football – ball in a shape of an oblate spheroid Flags – a belt where two flags are attached, must be 14 inches in Length and 2 inches in width Field - 25 x 70 yards with 10 yards endzones (This size is according to USA Football: Flag 5s Rulebook and the rules to be adapted for PE) GAME TERMINOLOGIES Boundary Lines - The outer perimeter lines around the field. They include the sidelines and back of the end zone lines. (The Legal playing area) Line-To-Gain - The line the offense must pass to get a first down or score. Rush line - An imaginary line running across the width of the field seven yards (into the defensive side) from the line of scrimmage. Line of Scrimmage - (LOS) an imaginary line running through the point of the football and across the width of the field. This is where the ball will get snapped (Snap – a backwards pass to the quarterback, sideways or between the legs). This is the line where the quarterback cannot pass while in possession of the ball. Flag guarding - An illegal act by the ball-carrier to prevent a defender from pulling the ball-carrier’s flags by stiff arm, lowering elbow or head or by blocking access to the runner’s flags with a hand, arm, or ball. If the player is in possession of the ball, the player must have their hands above the waist. Live ball – The ball is in play.  Dead ball – Any instance where the ball is not in play or when the play was stopped due to successful defense, rules, or foul/violation ROLE/Positions Offensive Team Quarterback (QB) – The player who receives the snap and the main passer of the team Snapper – The player who passes (snap) the ball to the QB at the start of the play Receivers – The ones who receives the pass of the QB Defensive Blitzer - The Identified Defensive Player that is at least 7 yards from the line of scrimmage assigned to rush the quarterback to prevent him/ her from passing the ball by pulling his/her flags or by blocking the pass. Rusher - Any player who legally crosses the line of scrimmage. Vital Rules during play Offensive team – other than flag guarding, the team can only have a forward pass (towards the direction of the endzone/goal) once per play/attempt. Other passes should be lateral (players on the same line in the field) or backwards (towards the direction of the LOS) - QBs cannot cross the LOS after the ball was snapped to them. - For scores or touchdowns, the player should be inside and in-contact with the endzone (1 leg inside the endzone minimum) with both hands securing the ball (to eliminate calls for fumbles) Defensive team – They can run after the offensive player or intercept passes to force a dead ball or end an attempt, but they cannot block or screen their path. - Only the offensive players in possession of the ball are subjected to a flag capture. - Only the blitzer can go after the flag of the QB after the snap,