Housing Reviewer PDF

PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HOUSING HOUSING structures and spaces for shelter which provide security and sense of belonging. Basic needs Providing protection and ensuring saf...

PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF HOUSING HOUSING structures and spaces for shelter which provide security and sense of belonging. Basic needs Providing protection and ensuring safety Importance of private spaces and its psychological impact Shapes communities Influence social structures Contributes to economic development Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Self- actualization- desire to become the most that one can be Esteem – respect, self-esteem, status, sense of connection Love and belonging – friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection Safety needs- personal security, employment, resources, health, property Physiological needs- air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction HISTORY/ EVOLUTION OF HOUSING EVOLUTION OF HOUSING Caves and rock shelter o Natural- made shelter o move from one place to another. Lean-to Shelter o Pre-colonial o Twigs and leaves, supported tree branches o Shade against the sun o Temporary shelter o Easily dismantles and carried Nipa- Hut (Bahay Kubo) o Pre-colonial and colonial period o Made of nipa and bamboo o Thatch roofing, sliding bamboo windows, elevated stilts o Used in rural areas Stone House (Bahay na bato) o Spanish colonial period o Stone foundation or brick wall, wooden upper storey o Tiled roofing, sliding Capiz-shell windows o Local middle-class and government offices PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER Bungalow o American colonial o Low-rise with pitched roof o Metal roofing, cement walls, gate o Yard, garden, parking space o the most common type of housing in the Philippines Townhouse o Modern period o Modern materials: glass, steel, cement o Low to mid-rise structure o Commercial space on the ground floor o Commonly found in cities Condominiums o Contemporary period o “classier” than apartments or townhouses o Shared amenities: pool, parking, gym, lobby, and garden o 24/7 security o Cities and CBDs CASE STUDIES ON HOUSING QUINTA MONROY HOUSING, CHILE Settle 100 families in the same 5000 square meters ELEMENTAL's First Famous Housing Project (Alejandro Aravena) Problems: o High land price - strategic location o Subsidy of 7500 dollars per family ▪ Too high to pay ▪ Built Area = 30 square meters o Individual Housing - inefficient use of land o Vertical Housing - halts expansion Solutions: o House area increased to 72 square meters but the money they had for the house was just half of the house o Expansion on the ground floor o Community Participation SAVONNERIE HEYMANS PUBLIC HOUSING, BRUSSELS 100% Public Housing Project Scheme Designed and Renovated by MDW Architecture Adaptive reuse of a soap factory Provides 42 low-energy social housing units o Studio, 1–6-bedroom Apartments, Lofts, Duplexes, Maisonettes PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER Some parts are new, some are renovated, and some others are completely retained in their original state. Offers various communal facilities o Game library, mini-forest garden, playground, 3D-landscaped park, and the main promenade 60m2 solar panels and an elaborate rainwater collection system for toilets The chimney of the soap factory is now a key feature of the basement's ventilation system High-density social housing complex encourages interaction between the occupants and form a thriving urban community in the city center. QUAYSIDE VILLAGE, CANADA 19 Residential Units o 5 Affordable Housing ▪ Reduces Social Inequality o 1-3 Bedroom Apartments and Townhouses ▪ Wheelchair Accessible Complex based on a 1000 square meter compact site Reduction of energy consumption and resource usage Within walking distance from a public market and sea-bus distance from restaurants, parks, schools, and other services 232 square meter common house 60-square meter commercial space Communal Kitchen, Laundry, Crafts Area, and Dining Room Built of Reuse Materiais o Stained-glass windows, Wooden doors, and Oak floors Townhouses-families with children - have a courtyard Apartments- upper floors All unit doors open towards the cornman courtyard Recycling Bins-no real garbage Gray Water Reuse Systems PUNGGOL NEW TOWN, SINGAPORE From Rural Fishing Village to New Town by the Housing and Development Board (HDB) in 1998 under Punggol 21 Plan Polycentric, well-connected, mixed-use urban nodes 96,000 residential units - a mix of high-density public and private housing blocks located within the city's public transport system, local bus, and cycle network. Most housing units are located within 400 meters of the nearest Light Rail Transit (LRT) station. Most HDB apartments have been sold to residents on 99- year public leases, but some are rented on the private market to lower-income residents. PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER Housing Mix - 60% of the units for public housing, 30% for private housing, and 10% for executive condominiums "A Waterfront Town for the Twenty-First Century" Strong focus on technology and sustainability The Punggol Town Hub-one-stop community facility WILLIAMS TERRACE, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA Excellence in Affordable Housing Design Award by the AIA and HUD (Housing and Urban Development) Designed by David Baker Architects The first dedicated housing for Charleston, S.C.'s low-income seniors. and replaces housing that was lost to a hurricane in 1989 Situated in a high-velocity flood zone Echoes the iconic Charleston single-house o With piazzas that act like porches o Wide-open corridors for external circulation o Airy Central Courtyard and lined with ample seating o Corridors encourage interaction and extend resident's living area o Louvered shutters - adjust shade and an ever-changing facade o Screen-porch on the ground floor fronts a new public park o Avoid floor damage-community room is located on the roof Much of Charleston's public and affordable housing is located in the suburbs, however this one is different to keep longtime residents downtown. “Decent, affordable housing should be a basic right for everybody in this country The reason is simple, without stable shelter, everything else falls apart.” -Matthew Desmond- HOUSING TYPOLOGIES Single- family detached housing – common in rural areas with large plots of lands Free-standing or stand-alone structures Found less in dense urban settings Range from small bungalows to larger, more luxurious homes Known subdivisions: o Northcrest subdivision o Villa Conchita Subdivision o Country homes subdivision o Camella subdivision o Deca homes o Las terrazas Consideration for housing type: o Small single family detached houses fit well with single family neighborhoods o Provision of driveways for parking garages PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER Potentially appropriate neighborhoods: o Residential neighborhoods o Traditional residential neighborhoods with a large number of corner lots and alleys Semi-detaches/Single-attached/Duplex housing A pair of houses build side by side Duplex housing o Share a common wall, usually mirrored Has little variation in visual character Consideration for housing type: o Fit well in single-family neighborhood o Designed by the scale complimenting the height and size of the neighboring structures o Scale is vital in neighborhood which contain several existing small residential buildings Potentially appropriate neighborhoods: o Traditional residential and suburban neighborhood o Also appropriate in walkable commercial areas and near significant corridors with small lots Terraced Housing “Row houses or Townhouses” A row of identical or mirror-image houses sharing side walls Start and end units are called “end terrace” Common in urban areas o Efficient in the use of space o Densely populated areas Compact design Multi-sensory structures Front and rear gardens Consideration for housing type o Designed to have the majority of the necessary parking located behind the structure or to complement the scale, size, and shape of surrounding structures o Appear like a single-family home or series of smaller units Potentially appropriate neighborhoods: o Walkable commercial areas o Traditional and suburban residential neighborhoods Apartments Low, Mid, or High-rise in scale or Mixed-use Common in dense areas- urban and suburban areas Vary in size and quality, catering to different income levels Type of apartments o Small Apartments- consists of 4-6 units and 2-3 floors o Low-rise Apartments- 12-40 units per building, 3-4 floors and has interior way o Mid-rise Apartments- 60-240 units and 5-8 floors PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER o Commercial Apartments- vertical mixed use, 25-100 units and 3-5 floors o High-rise Apartments – 60-300 units and 8+ floors, most common type in the Philippines Social housing Housing projects provided by the government or state or funded by agencies to support citizens Addresses the housing needs of low-income families Provision of affordable and decent living conditions for those who cannot afford conventional housing Condominiums High-rise residential buildings with individual unit owned by the residents Often offer shared amenities such us swimming poo;s, gyms, and security services Mixed-use developments Growing trend in urban areas Integration of residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial spaces Create self-sustaining communities where residents have easy access to various amenities HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS The housing stock is heterogeneous because a house ha a fixed location and is durable, and the housing stock includes old and new homes and houses with different designs, construction technologies, etc. Heterogeneity in real estate refers to how, in a particular area, usually the area that we are referring to at the time., units are different from each other. The opposite of this would be a row of houses that all look almost identical. As a result, the housing market is segmented. It has monopolistic tendencies (thinness of market), and it is not transparent (i.e., lacks information about supply and demand) TRADITIONAL PHILIPPINE HOUSING Bahay Kubo Elevated design Bamboo construction Open spaces or plan Regional Variations Apayao house- Northern Cordillera Fay-u/ Afung- Traditional Bontoc house Bale/ Fale- Traditional Ifugao house Finaryon/ Binayon- Tradiiitional Kalinga house Binangiyan—Traditional Kankanai house Bay Sinus- Traditional Tausug house Binuron- Traditional Isneg house PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER SPANISH COLONIAL INFLUENCE Bahay na Bato Fusion of Filipino and Spanish architectural elements Stone lower floor and wooden upper floor Courtyards Family- centric living spaces AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD AND RISE OF BUNGALOWS Bungalow houses Single-storey bungalow houses with verandas Functionality and simplicity Urban sprawl and suburbanization Urban Planning o City beautiful movement - American urban planning concepts influence the layout of cities and suburban areas in the Philippines - Order and Harmoney - Beautification - Monumentality - Civic Centers and Public spaces - Axial Planning (creation of grand boulevards) CONTEMPORARY HOUSING TREND Modern urban housing -High-rise condominiums and apartment complexes in urban spaces Filipino Mediterrenean - Stucco Finishes, Arches, and Terracotta Roofs - Prominent in warm-weather climates and suitable in the Philippines - Promotes warmth and elegance - Large exterior windows, clay roof tiles, and open-style layout- reduces heat - Balconies, courtyards, and archways brings breezy atmosphere SUSTAINABLE ANDGREEN ARCHITECTURE Indigenous Materials o Promotes sustainability and cultural continuity o The use of the following materials: ▪ Bamboo – Primary building material, strong, flexible and sustainable ▪ Nipa Palm- Roofing material (insulations properties) ▪ Cogon Grass- Thatching roofs (natural insulation) Environmental Considerations o Passive Design Principles ▪ Natural ventilation PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER ▪ Use of indigenous materials (reduction of carbon footprint in construction) TROPICAL MODERNISM Open-Plan Layouts o Open-plan o Large windows o Outdoor spaces Integration of nature o Blending of indoor and outdoor spaces ▪ Harmonious connection with nature FUSION OF CULTURAL ELEMENTS Contemporary Filipino Fusion o Incorporation of traditional elements into modern designs o Fusion of cultural and contemporary aesthetics ▪ Blending of bamboo and nipa with steel, glass and concrete Balancing Tradition and Innovation o Urbanization and limited space o Technology integration SMART HOMES AND TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION Smart Home Feature o Smart home system o Energy- efficient appliances o Home automation Tech-Enhanced Security o CCTV and IP Cameras o Motion Sensors o Window and door sensors o Keyless entry systems o Biometric security o Voice-activated security features o Smart alarms o Flood temperature sensors o Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors o Community based security apps URBANIZATION (UN-HABITAT) Philippine population in 2018- 106.5M Level of Urbanization o 45.3% in 2010 to 51.2% in 2015 National Housing Backlog o 6.38M Units with 3.62M informal setter families (ISF) PEDREGOSA, PHOESIA KRIS P. HOUSING REVIEWER 5 out of 10 Filipinos or 84% o Expected to reside in the areas by 2050 o Metro Manila, and Small and Intermediate Cities Effects of Urbanization o Lack of the vulnerable and poor’s access to land and proper housing o Growth of slums o Inadequate and outdated infrastructure o Urban sprawl o Families facing poverty and unemployment o Safety and crime problems o Pollution and health issues o Impact of natural and man-made disasters and other catastrophes due to climate change or man-made stressors Expansion of cities into rural areas by Agglomeration Filipinos aged 15 and above migrate domestically - 2018 National Migration Survey 2016-2020 o Government and Private Sector produced 777,000 units for mass housing against the 6.5 M units’ backlog National Bugdet (funding for housing) o 0.71% from 2010 to 2021 115,000 units of public housing o empty in rural areas 4 million people in Metro Manila live in slums o increases every year by the rate of 3.5% Housing in the Philippines o Emergence of continuing demand for affordable housing units in response to increasing population and household size, both in urban and rural areas Recognition of low-income housing o More about housing and not income o Access to income-generating activities Geographical segregation increases distance between places of work and people need to travel Location of Mass housing - away from the cities Exclusivity led to a polarizing culture of mutual exclusion Housing cannot be separated from issues of access to livelihood Characterized by unprecedented wave of migration to cities at a pace faster than the ability to produce shelter. Housing crisis is a consequence of Urbanization