PE1-Midterms Reviewer PDF

MODULE 6 “GYMNASTICS EQUIPMENT” What Is a Gymnastics Apparatus? The term "apparatus" refers to a piece of equipment that’s used in gymnastics, like the vault table or the balance beam. Basic Position in Wands Gymnasts use apparatus to demonstrate their strength and agility....

MODULE 6 “GYMNASTICS EQUIPMENT” What Is a Gymnastics Apparatus? The term "apparatus" refers to a piece of equipment that’s used in gymnastics, like the vault table or the balance beam. Basic Position in Wands Gymnasts use apparatus to demonstrate their strength and agility. Wands are made of hard wood or rattan about 36 inches long and 1- ½ inches in The term "apparatus" also describes the events themselves. So, it has two diameter. To add more attraction and interest in the movements, wands should be meanings: individual events and the equipment used. painted with different colors. Gymnastics features the following pieces of apparatus and competitive events: How to hold the Wands? There is no defined position of the hand for the wand. It 1. BALANCE BEAMS gymnasts perform routines on a 4in wide solid beam. may be held with two hands in line with the shoulders, with arms, oblique, or with Judges look for routines that showcase excellent height, flexibility, and power. one hand in any desired position. A balance beam routine may not exceed 90 seconds and must cover the entire Basic Positions: length of the beam. Handsprings, back handsprings, saltos, back saltos, turns, 1. Wand on: and split jumps are all common in beam routines. The key balance beam - Chest - Upward - Oblique Upward apparatus is the beam itself.Fasport - Neck - Sideward - Oblique Downward 2. VAULT The vault event involves feats of skill that begin with a running start, Low Back - Forward - Vertical Forward a jump off a springboard, and the use of a stationary device called a vault or a Steps in Ribbon Exercise in Gymnastics vaulting horse.The event involves different body positions, including tucked, - Throws and Catches: One of the most spectacular steps in a rhythmic gymnastics picked and stretched. ribbon routine is the throw and catch. Vaulters are judged on proper body alignment, form, repulsion, height and - Spirals: Spirals are another step central to a ribbon exercise. distance traveled saltos, and twists. Lastly, gymnasts should "stick" their - Snakes: Ribbon routines must include snake formations. landings, which means landing in place without needing steps to steady - Circles: Ribbon routines must include circles. themselves.Required apparatus includes a springboard and vaulting horse. - Swings: Ribbon routines must include swings. 3. UNEVEN BARS This event involves a series of maneuvers performed on - Figure-Eights: Ribbon routines must include figure-eights. two horizontal bars set at different heights. Movement in the Wand Gymnasts are required to transition from one movement to the next without 1. Standing 2. Lunge: 3. Kneeling Position: 4. Leg Raise: pauses or meaningless swings on the bars.Judges pay special consideration to Position: - Lunge Forward - Half-Kneeling Arch - Arabesque high-flying release moves (including pirouetting) and dismounts.Judges also - Arch back Arch back back - Side Luge Raise look for exact handstand positions, with large deductions for any - Lateral - Side bends side - One leg extended side - Hop deviations.Required apparatus include the horizontal bars (and plenty of chalk Bend lunge bend - Arch Jump to counteract sweaty hands). - Forward - Deep Lunge - Kneeling knees - Swan 4. FLOOR The floor exercise is set to music and involves gymnasts performing bend with body twist together, back bend a series of tumbling and athletic feats interspersed with dance choreography. Judges look for versatile use of floor space, changes in the direction and level of MODULE 9 “BASIC POSITION IN RIBBON” movement, theatrics, command of music, and height and distance of jumping Steps in Ribbon Exercise in Gymnastics and tumbling maneuvers. The floor routine lasts no more than 90 seconds and A sport that combines elements from dance, ballet and gymnastics, rhythmic must cover the entire floor area. The apparatus is a performance area measuring gymnastics presents these elements in five different categories, including: floor, 1,200 centimeters x 1,200 centimeters (± 3 centimeters). ball, hoop, club and ribbon exercises. 5. POMMEL HORSE routines consist of continuous circular movements plus During each performance, gymnasts are judged and scored on their flexibility, required scissored leg elements. pivots, leaps, balances, artistry and execution. The hands are the only part of the body that may touch the pommel horse. One of the most beautiful and entertaining programs to watch in rhythmic Judges look for flow with steady, controlled rhythm. Hand placements should gymnastics is the ribbon exercise. be quick, quiet, and rhythmic. The apparatus is the pommel horse itself, which looks like a vaulting horse Pivots with two handles jutting upward. - The gymnast must incorporate regular, small, grand and combination pivots into 6. STILL RINGS the rings must remain still and under control at all times her routine. gymnasts perform maneuvers on two rings suspended in the air.. - Begin a pivot by semi-squatting with both feet on the floor. Arms must never shake, and the gymnast’s body must remain straight with no - Quickly rise to your toes. Bring your free leg up, preferably below horizontal arching. Judges look for maneuvers like a swing to handstand, a cross, an level, while simultaneously bending it. inverted cross, and a swallow or Maltese cross. Vertical Spirals Unnecessary swings and instability result in lower scores. - These movements require a degree of coordination and quickness since knots are The apparatus includes two rings suspended from high above the floor. more likely to form if not done properly. 7. PARALLEL BARS - Spirals are made up of a series of circles created by small circular hand Instead of uneven bars, male gymnasts use parallel bars. movements. Male gymnasts use parallel bars to demonstrate swing and flight elements. - Vertical spirals can be performed in front, to the side, or behind the gymnast. Judges look for the gymnast to execute swinging elements from a support, hang Horizontal Spirals and upper arm position. - Horizontal spirals are performed with the stick and hand held at a vertical level. An under swing (aka a basket swing) is also part of the routine.77+107cm - Once in position, raise your arm and hold your forearm parallel to the floor. The parallel bars themselves represent the apparatus. - Move your wrist in a circular motion. 8. HORIZONTAL BAR - Keep in mind that your hand must be pointed vertically downward at all times. (High Bar): A particularly high flying event, the horizontal bar competition Steps in Ribbon in Rhythmic Gymnastics runs gymnasts through a series of swings, release moves, and dismounts. - Ribbon routines are perhaps the most beautiful event in rhythmic gymnastics. Judges expect high bar entrants to execute a series of continuous swings and - To perform this exercise, a gymnast must have a tremendous amount of flexibility, turns. strength, balance, coordination and artistry. Each gymnast must perform an in-bar skill (for instance, a stalder circle) and - The steps in ribbon exercises consist of throws and catches as well as spiral, snake, demonstrate at least one element in el-grip, dorsal hang, or rearways to the bar. swing, circle and figure-eight formations with the ribbon in the air. Extra consideration is given for somersaults, twists, and dramatic dismounts. 1. Throw and Catches One of the most spectacular steps in a rhythmic gymnastics The high bar itself represents the apparatus for this event. ribbon routine is the throw and catch. In throws and catches, a gymnast must throw MODULE 7 RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS the ribbon up high in the air and then catch it again. The ribbon can't hit the ground. -Rhythmic gymnastics sport that combines artistic gymnastics movements Sometimes, she will perform forward rolls, turns, back or front walkovers and with flexibility and dance. During her routine, a gymnast will master movements impressive leaps while the ribbon floats beautifully in the air. As she lands her skill with one of the five formations or apparatuses: the rope, hoop, clubs, ribbon or or leap, she also catches the ribbon with one hand. ball. 2. Spirals Spirals are another step central to a ribbon exercise. The gymnast moves -All exercises accompanied with rhythm or music is rhythmic gymnastics. They her arm so that the ribbon takes the shape of a spiral, forming concentric circles in are also called so because they are performed in a rhythmical manner, following the air. Her arm should be straight, but her elbows shouldn't be locked, and the movements. These include free hand exercise and exercises with the use of light ribbon shouldn't touch the floor at any time. Like a throw and catch, a spiral can be apparatuses, such as balls, ropes wands hoops, dumbbells, scarves etc. done during a turn, leap or back or front walkover. Music: The music to be used should not be too fast or too slow. Classic music, 3. Snakes Ribbon routines must include snake formations. To complete a snake, folk music, pop or any kind of accompaniment suited to the movement may be the gymnast will move her arm so that the ribbon takes the shape of a squiggle -- used. or a snake -- in the air. Her grasping arm should be extended, not locked, to prevent Formation: Different types of formations can be used when presenting injuries, and the ribbon should not hit the floor. gymnastics exercises. It is advisable to change formation after every three 4. Circles Ribbon routines must include circles. To complete this step, a gymnast figures. The following formations are recommended: will swing her arm in a full circle perpendicular to the floor. While she does so, she 1. Mass Formation: 4. Star Formation 7. H-Formation should hold the ribbon, which will naturally create a round, circular formation in 2. Circle Formation: 5. T-Formation: 8. Diagonal Formation the air. 3. Square Position: 6. V-Formation: 5. Swings The ribbon should also form swings in the air. Swings are always U- Basic Position in Ball shaped. The gymnast must make sure that her grasping arm is extended throughout - The ball used is about 7-8 inches in diameter and is made of rubber. the swing but never locked, and the ribbon can't touch the ground. The gymnast can Basic Positions: do her swings while she performs a roll, walkover, leap, turn or flexibility pose. 1. Balls sideward/Forward/Upward 6. Figure Eights Finally, the last step a ribbon routine must include is a figure- 2. Balls on neck/chest/down in front eight. The gymnast must move her arm in a figure eight in the air so that the ribbon Movement with the balls: 3. Rolling the ball: follows suit. Her arm should be extended but not locked. The ribbon can't touch the 1. Tossing the ball: - Roll in the floor in front ground. The gymnast can complete this motion while performing a roll, walkover, - Two-Hand Tossing - Cross sitting: Roll Ball around the body turn, leap or flexibility pose. - One hand Toss - Long sitting: Roll ball around the body - One hand toss to the other hand - Prone lying Position Penalization/Deductions - Spiral Toss - Rolling in the Half Squat position - One of the most important rules a competitor must remember in the ribbon - Toss to Partner exercise is that the ribbon must remain in motion from the beginning of the program 2. Bouncing the ball: 4. Swinging Movements: until the end of the program without it ever touching the ground. - Two hand bouncing - Swinging Forward, Backward - If at any point during the routine a knot is formed or the ribbon touches the floor, - One hand bouncing - Swinging Ball across the body in front the gymnast is penalized and deductions are taken from her score. - Bounce ball at the back