PDHPE C1 (YR11) PDF

❤️‍🩹 CORE 1: Better health for individuals Critical Question 1 MEANINGS OF HEALTH Definitions Health is the status of an individuals mind, body and feelings not...

❤️‍🩹 CORE 1: Better health for individuals Critical Question 1 MEANINGS OF HEALTH Definitions Health is the status of an individuals mind, body and feelings not merely the absence of disease and infirmity Dimensions of health Physical: Physical health refers to the effective functioning of the human body and its systems. It is giving people the capacity to conduct everyday activities and be free from illness. Gym Healthy Diet Mental: Mental health refers to our ability to process knowledge to assist in decision making. Those who have good mental health posses a positive outlook in to life have a purpose in life Social: Social health refers to an individuals ability to interact with other people, and the ability to display communication skills Friendships Family CORE 1: Better health for individuals 1  Emotional: A persons capacity to cope, adjust, adapt to changes and challenges. Appropriately expressing emotions to family and friends Meditation Spiritual: Spiritual health refers to finding sense or purpose in life helps feel connected with family, friends, community, religon, culture, etc. 💡 OUR INDIVIDUAL HEALTH IS THE RESULT OF A COMPLEX INTERACTION BETWEEN THESE FOUR DIMENSIONS. Relative and Dynamic Health Relative: Health is considered relative when it is compared to others or you from the past. An example of relative health, is when an individual at 25 years old is energetic and fit compared to when they are 80 years old when their health is deteriorating Dynamic: Health is considered dynamic when there is continual changes in health The human body can change from critically unwell to full health. Minute to minute, illnesses, accidents, environmental factors PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH Definition of perception of health Perceptions: A variety of factors shape an individual’s perception of health. Perceptions are our belief system. Family Education CORE 1: Better health for individuals 2  Culture Religion Community Social media Perceptions of health of others Individuals makes their own judgments/perceptions of health based on their values and beliefs It is just as easy to make the same judgments when making perceptions of others health. We judge ourselves with both on how we look and how we behave. However when it comes to making judgements of others we tend to judge people based on their appearance To construct a more accurate judgment on others it is important to understand the circumstances. 💡 Do not judge a book by its cover Implications of Different Perceptions of Health A person who can recognise their health being poor, is more likely to seek help. However if an individual cannot recognise their poor health they are most likely to continue to put their health at risk. Factors like social media can influence different perceptions of health. AN individual is more likely to believe what they see on social media and compare it to themselves. This factor can result in both positive and negative perceptions of health The positive aspect of social media, could be to eat cleaner or eat a nutritous meal 3 times a day. CORE 1: Better health for individuals 3  The negative aspect of social media, are the unrealistic body standard being portrayed by influencers. This can lead to eating disorders, to gain a look they saw on instagram or what not. Perceptions of health as social constructs Social Construct: Refers to an individual’s view regarding good health which influence by individual’s social, economic and cultural condition. Socioeconomic Status: refers to our level of income, education and employment. Research indicates higher the economic status the healthier an individual is. The lower their economic status the more likely they are to engage in risky healthy behaviours. Which then leads to a lower life expectancy and future problems. Geographic Location: Plays an important role in the access of health services. Those who live in rural and remote area are less likely to reach a hospital in times of emergencies. Compared to urban areas, where all major hospitals are in 15 minute radius. People who live in rural areas have less acess to recreational centres, gyms, mental health services etc. Cultural Background: refers to different background having an influence on perceptions of health. These cultural difference can both have a positive and negative effects on health. In Indian culture, elders believe sexual intercourse should only occur after marriage. Mental health is not as acknowledged in developing countries. The lack of seeking help can create a significant stigma. Impact of media, peers, and family CORE 1: Better health for individuals 4  HEALTH BEHAVIOURS OF YOUNG PEOPLE The Positive Health Status of Young People Australian health is increasing over time Road related deaths have decreased as new technology has been invented to prevent major crashes. However, road related injuries have stayed consistent, as crashes still exist. Self Harm and Suicide rates have increased, especially amongst 16- 17 year old females. Sexual health is improving as awareness increasing. Contraceptive methods are becoming popular against the youth Protective behaviours and Risk behaviours Protective measures Mental Health: Ability to cope with stress CORE 1: Better health for individuals 5  Food Habits: Healthy and Clean diet Physical activity: Active lifestyle Body Image: Self confidence Drug use:Making health relationships Road Safety: Having a plan B Sexual Health: Contraceptive methods Risky behaviours Mental Health: Not expressing emotions Food Habits: Eating disorders and skipping meals Physical activity: Sedentary Lifestyle Body Image: Unrealistic body standards promoted by influencers Drug use: Experimenting drugs Road Safety: Drink driving Sexual Health: Unsafe and Drunk sex Critical Question 2 The Detriments of Health The World Health Organisation defines social detriments as ‘the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age’. Individual YEAR 11 ONLY Knowledge and skills: Help individuals learn protective and risk health behaviours in order to have good health. It is also important to know the support available to an individual to seek help when needed. Those that have lower education are at a higher risk of poorer health. The ability to identify if information is reliable or not. Genetics: Are unavoidable illnesses that can be transferred to an individual. History of poor health in the family can make someone more susceptible to diseases and illnesses. These can affect of life expectancy, potential physical development etc. CORE 1: Better health for individuals 6  Attitudes: A persons level of knowledge is directly proportional to the attitudes they develop. Major influencers include family, peers, and media. Individuals make health choices to have a sense of belonging. These choices can include the use of alcohol, vaping and sexual activity. Sociocultural The communities in which we live and the groups to which we belong all have a significant on the values, attitudes and behaviours in which we adopt to. Family: The most influential sociocultural factor. Family is responsible for the diet, clothing, safe housing, education, love and medical requirements of an individual. Living in a abusive or neglectful households are more likely to suffer in the long term socially, physically and mentally. Peers: When individuals are establishing their identity they are easily manipulated by the actions of their friends. This can end both positively or negatively. It is hard to maintain positive health when an individual is consistently pressured to experiment with drugs are asked to vape. Peers can also be positive in terms of telling you to seek help when family doesn’t notice changes. Media: Media can easily influence young people to dislike their body. The unrealistic body standards placed by individuals from social media tend to negatively affect them. This can cause them to alter their diet and cause eating disorders like obesity or anorexia and bulimia. gHowever their can be positive impacts of media as well. Platforms can be used to raise awareness on diseases or illnesses. Religion: Religious health factors are usually placed by family. This can cause an individual to restrict themselves from certain things like diet. Those who follow the hindu religion are not allowed to eat beef and can cause them to lack protein. And cause low iron especially in women. Religion can also affect the dressing style and the behaviours of an individual. In Islamic and Hindu religious, it is said that sex before marriage is prohibited. This restriction can be CORE 1: Better health for individuals 7  positive as individuals are not prone to get STI’s or unwanted pregnancy. Culture: Cultural health determinants can be caused by an individual’s background. For example, a traditional asian diet consists of red meat, vegetables, fruit, grainy food and usually healthy. These diets can prevent health issues like health diseases, certain cancers and diabetes. However language barriers can affect an individuals ability to access health services and understand the information given. Socioeconomic A persons economic status has a significant influence on the likelihood that they will be exposed to, persons income, education, and employment. Education: A person’s education has a significant impact on an individual’s health. Statistics state the higher education an individual has, the less likely they are to experience mental health problems. When a person has dropped out of school or did not pay attention in school, they are more likely to have problems related to their health and wellbeing. Knowledge can help navigate through life by making good and right decisions. Employment: Employment provides opportunity for an individual to be active and have the ability to afford gyms etc. Secured employment can benefit an individuals mind as they can be more relaxed. In Australia, the mortality rates are higher for those who are unemployed. Unemployment is linked with stress, limited social contact, loss of confidence etc. All factors which are important for having good health. Income: Income is directly proportional to an individuals ability to have access to good health. Income can provide for private health insurance, gyms and other recreational centres. Higher income also provides opportunity to have a grater variety of choice in regards to diet etc. Poverty exposes the risk of individuals becoming suicidal. CORE 1: Better health for individuals 8  Environmental Environmental factors are those things present in the environment in which people live and work that can affect their health in a positive or negative way. Geographical location: People who live in rural and remote areas of Australia have poorer health outcomes. They have lower life expectancy, higher rates of illness and injury, and higher levels of risk factors. The climate in rural areas can also have an impact on an individuals health. Due to the extreme heat, drought and sometime flooding it can be difficult to live. People who live in urban areas also have their own challenges like the pollution in the air. Access to healthcare: Health care services are limited in rural areas. As doctors tend to work in urban areas due to the high demand. Meaning, people that live in rural areas have to travel long distances to access medical services. Those who have cancer or major health issues it will cost a lot of money to travel back and forth. There are services no available after COVID-19, like Tele-Health and Royal Flying doctor service, which accomodate to people in rural areas to have faster access to help. Access to technology: Technology is more common in urban areas. The innovation of technology is coming at an expense of physical health. Young people are addicted to technology and are not exercising enough which can cause health disorders in the future. An increased risk of obesity is guaranteed. Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Health Determinants Modifiable Modifiable health determinants are those that can be changed or controlled to positive benefit our health It is the ability to make our own choices and manage a situation that might be threatening. Non-Modifiable CORE 1: Better health for individuals 9  Are determinants that cannot be altered or controlled by an individual. These can include environmental factors and genetics Control over health depending on age: Babies/Toddlers: They have minimal control over their health. Heavily influenced by their parents/guardians. Children: Control is still minimal as a child grows, they still rely on parents in terms of health, diet, transport etc. Their education, their shelter relies on their parent. Teenagers: Are heavily influenced by media and peers. Their source of income doesn't solely depend on their parents. Part time jobs are a source of income for teenagers. Income provides the ability for individuals to buy their own things. Adulthood: Complete control for themselves. Their life experiences shape the way they behave. Their employment gives access for them to spend money as they like. Elderly: Reliant on their kids/other people to support them through life. Lack of control due to their mobility. They become isolate from their friends which can negatively affect their mental/social health. Health as a social construct Interrelationship between health determinants Within a health determinant: Education and employment are closely related to each other. The higher the education an individual has the more likely they are to have better earning job. Employment can provide individuals with access to gyms, private health insurance and other Across health determinants: Knowledge and skills are important for individuals to be able to understand and interpret the information CORE 1: Better health for individuals 10  they receive. Language barriers are a huge issue for immigrants when accessing health services. The fast paced Australian accent can cause immigrants to be confused easily and not understand the help they received. Challenges the notion that health is solely an individual’s responsibility. Non-modifiable health determinants are above the control of an individual. These health determinants have a major impact on health but cannot also be altered. Proving health is not solely dependent on an individual. It an individuals responsibility to take care of their health by taking medicines and exercising. But some health conditions cannot be altered by an individual. Critical Question 3 💡 Health promotion aims to achieve better health for everyone, it is the process of preventing ill health and advancing health of individuals. Health Promotions Individuals Promote their own health more responsibility and control over their own health the ability to be knowledge about their heath following appropriate rules and guidelines Cancer Wearing Sunscreen Getting regular health checkups Community groups/school Promote the health of their staff, students and parents CORE 1: Better health for individuals 11  Responsible to teach students about health safety No Hat No Play Cancer Shaded areas providing sunscreen in local areas Non-government organisations Non-Profit organisations raise awareness Provide service for specific health issues like cancer council Provides upto date accurate information Cancer cancer council Biggest morning tea Pink Ribbon Donations Government Local Cleans the council area Garbage collection State Provides educations for the whole state Health care for the state Federal National policies National health campaigns Medicare Pharmaceutical schemes CORE 1: Better health for individuals 12  Cancer Conducts research on current health issues and how to prevent them Provides funding for extensive research Campaigns Free skin checks International organisations WHO They aim to provide health information for the whole world. Health Promotion Approaches Lifestyle/behavioural approaches` Road Safety Campaigns Mental health Web based services Reachout Physical Activity Sports in schools Good amounts of physical activity everyday Smoking Quit smoking campaigns Unappealing cigarette boxes to decrease smoking Preventative medical approaches Primary Level Vaccinations Child immunisation programs To prevent diseases like polio, HPV, whopping cough CORE 1: Better health for individuals 13  Secondary Level Hereditary diseases High risk illness Groups Examples Free mammograms for woman aged over 50 Regular PAP SMEARS Regularly monitoring blood pressure and Cholesterol levels for those with high risks of heart disease Tertiary Level Prevention of chronic illnesses Effective rehabilitation Examples Asthma management plans Rehabilitation programs. Public health approaches Resources for teacher to educate Schools promoting health campaigns promoting health to the public building parks to allow people to exercise Examples Online Services Sports in schools Crunch n Sip Mandatory PDHPE lessons for years K to 10 Skin cancer ads Ottawa Charter CORE 1: Better health for individuals 14  💡 Dead Cats Smell Really Bad Developing Personal Skills Ensuring that initiatives are taken to promote personal health development by promoting health campaigns etc Road Injuries Compulsory usage of seatbelts Longer qualification periods for L and P plate holders Creating supportive environments Directs health promotion strategies that targets the creation of safe, stimulating and enjoyable environments for everyone. Road Injuries 40 km/ph speed limits in school zones Limiting the number of passengers in P plate holders cars Strengthen community action Empowering communities by taking charge of the wellbeing of themselves and those around them by implementing safety related strategies. Road Injuries Parents and members of community volounteering as the “lollipop people” “Stop, Revive, Survive” campaigns Reorienting health services Strives to shift healthcare from one location to another to raise awareness among individuals. IT is a curative approach to preventative approach. Road Injuries CORE 1: Better health for individuals 15  Visits from emergency workers at school to educate students of the potential risks of rash driving Building public health policies To promote healthier choices by enforcing legislations, taxing schemes and increasing understanding of potential risks from unsafe behaviours Road Injuries Random breath testing CORE 1: Better health for individuals 16