PCI-FINALS PART 1 PDF

group Iv-a 1 carbon family 1 CARBON aka CRYSTALLOGEN, King of All Elements Non-metallic in character Organic Chemistry: Chemical basis of life Charcoal (Latin) carbon The only element that can form multiple bonds with itself CATENATION ⚬ chemical phenomenon where atoms...

group Iv-a 1 carbon family 1 CARBON aka CRYSTALLOGEN, King of All Elements Non-metallic in character Organic Chemistry: Chemical basis of life Charcoal (Latin) carbon The only element that can form multiple bonds with itself CATENATION ⚬ chemical phenomenon where atoms of the same element link together to form chains or rings. ALLOTROPES different structural forms of the same element that exist in the same physical state. Diamond CRYSTALLINE Graphite Bituminous coal (soft coal) Anthracite (hard coal) AMORPHOUS Coke (impure form of carbon) CARBON DIOXIDE aka After-damp, Aer Fixus, Carbonic Acid Gas Use: Respiratory stimulant (with 5-7% O2); Hiccups Stored in GRAY container Toxicity through suffocation Dry Ice (solid CO2) ⚬ destroy unwanted tissues by freezing ⚬ Eg. acne, korns, callouses, eczema, moles, psoriasis, and warts germanium aka Eka Silicon Possess immune system enhancing anti-tumor effects Germanium dioxide increases RBC production SILICON 2nd most abundant element Silicosis Lung condition resembling TB developing after long exposure (7 years or more) SILICON DIOXIDE Use: glidant prevents inter-particle adhesion in granules TYPE GENERAL DESCRIPTION TYPE OF TEST USE I Highly Resistant, Borosilicate Powdered Glass Parenteral Glass II Treated Soda Lime Glass Water Attack Parenteral III Soda Lime Glass Powdered Glass Parenteral NP General Purpose Soda Lime Powdered Glass Non-Parenteral Glass  kaolin aka Porcelain clay, Bolus alba, China Clay or White bole Native Hydrated Aluminum Silicate Use: Adsorbent Treatment of mild diarrhea (Kaopectate®)  ATTAPULGITE Polymagma®, Quintess® Native Hydrated Magnesium Aluminum Silicate Adsorbent for Diarrhea SIMETHICONE Antiflatulent Anti-foaming agent Disflatyl® & Kremil-S®  DIMETHICONE, NF Dimethyl siloxane polymer Protective and emollient Simeco SILICA GEL FUME condensation of silica vapour SILICA GEL hydrolysis of orthosilicates tin aka Stannum Used in production of cans Test for Au: Purple of Cassius ⚬ Reagent: Stannous chloride Alloys of tin Babbit metal 80% Sn, 20% Sb Gun metal 10% Sn, 90% Cu Pewter metal Old 80% Sn, 20% Pb Pewter metal New 85% Sn, Cu, Sb, Bi Rose metal 25% Sn, 25% Pb, 50% Bi Solder metal Old 50% Sn, 50% Pb Solder metal New 90% Sn, Ag, Cu Plumber's solder 33% Sn, 67% Pb  Stannous fluoride SnF2 Anti-cariogenic agent (8%) Stannic Oxide SnO2 Germicide LEAD aka Plumbum Pharmacologic use: Astringent ⚬ Protein precipitant Poisoning: Plumbism/Saturnism Antidote: ⚬ EDTA ⚬ Ca Versenate Source of Poisoning ⚬ Lead pipes ⚬ Paints ⚬ Batteries  LEAD ACETATE aka Sugar of Lead Component of burrow's solution (+Aluminum sulfate) Burrow's = Aluminum acetate solution Used for the preparation of Lead Subacetate Solution LEAD MONOXIDE aka Litharge® PbO Astringent Lead (II) oxide LEAD SUBACETATE SOLUTION aka Goulard's Extract Skin inflammation (Lead (II) acetate + PbO) LEAD SULFIDE Black Sulfide Galena (most common ore)  group Iv-b 1 titanium family 1 titanium aka: Titan (Sons of the Earth) Use: Powerful Reducing Agent Titanium (IV) oxide ⚬ Titanium dioxide ⚬ Opaquant (Ocusert®) ⚬ UV Ray protectant ZIRCONIUM Antiperspirant Deodorant Toxicity: causes skin granuloma NITROGEN aka Azote, Mephitic air Meaning: "Without life" Most abundant gas in air ⚬ 71% = N2 ⚬ 25% = O2 Inert: ⚬ Very Stable ⚬ Provides an inert atmosphere for readily oxidisable pharmaceuticals ⚬ stored in BLACK containers ⚬ Liquid N2: Refrigerant  NITROGEN DIOXIDE Air pollutant vs nitrite - vasodilator; For cyanide poisoning NITROGEN TRIOXIDE Oxidizing agent (vs) Nitrate - preservative  NITROUS OXIDE NO Laughing Gas or Dinitrogen monoxide Used as general anesthetic ⚬ Dental procedure ⚬ weakest but probably the safest inhalational anesthetic S/E: diffusion hypoxia Stored in BLUE container PHOSPHORUS aka Bringer of Light, Light-carrier, St. Elmo's Fire Three main allotropic forms: ⚬ Black/Yellow Phosphorus - Poisonous ⚬ Red Phosphorus - Non-Poisonous ARSENIC King of All Poisons; Choice of Professional Poisoners Component of Salvarsan/Compound 606/Arsphenamine/Private 606 ⚬ 1st anti-syphilis drug ⚬ Paul Aka: Ehrlich Lewisite metal Insecticide: Copper Aceto Arsenate Toxicity: Aldrich-Mee's Line Antidote: BAL or dimercaprol Test in As detection ⚬ Marsh Test (Modified form of this test is  arsenicals TYPE OF TEST Cupric Aceto-Arsenite Cupric sulfate and arsenic trioxide Paris Green Cu(C2H302)2 3Cu(As02)2 Rodenticide, insecticide, pigment, blue colorant of fireworks Scheele's Green Cupric Hydrogen Arsenite 1% Potassium Arsenite Solution (KAs02) Fowler's Solution Anti-leukemics Psoriasis and asthma Donovan's Solution Asl3 & Hgl2 ARSENIC General Protoplasmic Poison poisoning Acute Poisoning: Digestive Problems - Vomiting, abdominal pains, diarrhea accompanied by bleeding Aldrich Mee's lines - Characteristic white lines on nails (nail growth arrest) Alopecia - Hair loss Chronic Poisoning Arsenicosis Found in smelters, patients treated w/ arsenicals e.g. Melarsoprol (Mel-B), drinking water with high levels of As Blackfoot Disease & CANCER antimony Antimony Glance Most important source of antimony Sb2S3 Red-Orange in color Pharmacologic action of water-soluble compounds: ⚬ Astringent ⚬ Emetic ⚬ Expectorant ⚬ Anthelminthic (For Schistosomiasis) ￭ Kills and expels intestinal worms (vs vermifuge - only expels worms)  ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE SbKC4H406 More exact: C&H4K2012Sb2 3H2O aka Tartar Emetic, Brown mixture ⚬ Emetic ⚬ Expectorant ⚬ For treatment of Schistosomiasis (Liver Fluke) BISMUTH aka "Beautiful Meadow" Uses: ⚬ Astringent ⚬ Antiseptic/Antimicrobial ￭ Triple and Quadruple Therapy ⚬ Gastric Protectant Compound are poisonous Side effect of bismuth compounds used internally: Black stools (Bi2S3) Antidote: Dimercaprol  MILK OF BISMUTH Bismuth Cream, Bismuth Magma Contains bismuth hydroxide & bismuth subcarbonate in suspension in water Composition: ⚬ Bismuth subcarbonate ⚬ HNO3 ⚬ Ammonium Carbonate ⚬ Strong Ammonia solution & Purified H,O Protective for gastric ulcers Inhibit growth of H. pylori (antiseptic) Astringent Other compounds of bismuth Bismuth citrate Bismuth Subcarbonate Bismuth Subgallate ⚬ Astringent, mildly germicidal, antacid Bismuth subsalicylate ("Pink Bismuth") ⚬ Active Ingredient in Pepto-Bismol® ⚬ Anti-Inflammatory, bactericidal, antacid Colloidal Bismuth Subcitrate ⚬ Tx of PUD