PCE Sem 1 Question & Answer Notes PDF

# PCE QUESTION AND ANSWER NOTES ## Q1. Define Communication. Explain the communication cycle in brief with a diagram. - Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, or feelings between people through speaking, writing, or other methods. ### Communication Cycle: 1. **Sender:** The perso...

# PCE QUESTION AND ANSWER NOTES ## Q1. Define Communication. Explain the communication cycle in brief with a diagram. - Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, or feelings between people through speaking, writing, or other methods. ### Communication Cycle: 1. **Sender:** The person who sends the message. 2. **Message:** The idea or information to be communicated. 3. **Encoding:** Converting the message into symbols or language. 4. **Channel:** The medium used (e.g., email, speech). 5. **Receiver:** The person who receives the message. 6. **Decoding:** Understanding the message. 7. **Feedback:** The receiver's response. ### Diagram: Sender - Encoding - Message - Channel - Decoding - Receiver - Feedback ## Q2. Explain Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication. - **Verbal Communication:** Uses spoken or written words. Examples: Conversations, emails. - **Non-Verbal Communication:** Involves body language, gestures, facial expressions, and tone. Example: Nodding to show agreement. ## Q3. Explain Grapevine Communication in brief. - Grapevine communication is informal communication within an organization, often spread through casual conversations. It is quick but may lead to rumors. Example: Colleagues discussing potential company changes in the break room. ## Q4. What is meant by listening? - Listening is actively paying attention to understand and interpret what someone is saying. It requires focus and comprehension. ## Q5. Explain the SQ5R Method. - The SQ5R method is a reading and study strategy: 1. **Survey:** Skim the material. 2. **Question:** Frame questions based on the headings. 3. **Read:** Read to find answers. 4. **Recite:** Summarize key points aloud. 5. **Review:** Revisit the material for better retention. 6. **Reflect:** Think about the material. 7. **Record:** Take notes. ## Q6. What are the 7 Cs of Business Writing? 1. **Clarity:** Be clear and concise. 2. **Conciseness:** Use fewer words. 3. **Concreteness:** Provide specific details. 4. **Correctness:** Ensure grammatical accuracy. 5. **Coherence:** Logical flow of ideas. 6. **Courtesy:** Be polite and professional. 7. **Completeness:** Include all necessary information. ## Q7. What are the various cohesive devices? - Cohesive devices are words or phrases that connect ideas in writing. Examples include: * **Additive:** Furthermore, and, moreover. * **Contrastive:** However, but, yet. * **Causal:** Because, therefore, so. * **Sequential:** First, then, finally. ## Q8. What are SMART goals? Explain with examples. - SMART goals are: 1. **Specific:** Clear and focused. 2. **Measurable:** Quantifiable. 3. **Achievable:** Realistic. 4. **Relevant:** Aligned with objectives. 5. **Time-bound:** Have a deadline. Example: "Complete a 5 km run within 30 minutes by the end of this month." ## Q9. What are the steps in team building? Explain with examples. 1. **Forming:** Team members meet and understand goals. 2. **Storming:** Address conflicts and challenges. 3. **Norming:** Develop trust and set rules. 4. **Performing:** Work efficiently to achieve goals. 5. **Adjourning:** Team disbands after completing tasks. Example: A project team forming, solving conflicts, working together, and finishing the project. ## Q10. Describe socio-cultural barriers to communication and psychological barriers to communication? - Socio-cultural barriers to communication and psychological barriers to communication: ### Socio-Cultural Barriers to Communication - Socio-cultural barriers to communication arise from differences in social background, culture, and values between individuals or groups. These barriers can affect how messages are encoded, transmitted, and decoded. #### Examples of Socio-Cultural Barriers: 1. **Language differences:** Language is a fundamental aspect of culture, and differences in language can create significant barriers to communication. 2. **Cultural norms and values:** Different cultures have unique norms, values, and customs that can influence communication styles and expectations. 3. **Social status and power dynamics:** Social status and power imbalances can affect communication, with those in positions of power often dominating conversations. 4. **Ethnic and racial differences:** Prejudices and biases based on ethnicity and race can create barriers to effective communication. 5. **Age and generational differences:** Different age groups and generations may have distinct communication styles, preferences, and values. ### Psychological Barriers to Communication - Psychological barriers to communication arise from individual psychological factors, such as emotions, attitudes, and personality traits, that can affect how people communicate. #### Examples of Psychological Barriers: 1. **Emotional barriers:** Strong emotions like anger, fear, or anxiety can impede effective communication. 2. **Defensiveness:** When individuals feel threatened or attacked, they may become defensive and less receptive to messages. 3. **Biases and prejudices:** Unconscious biases and prejudices can influence how people perceive and interpret messages. 4. **Personality traits:** Personality traits like introversion, extroversion, or neuroticism can affect communication styles and preferences. 5. **Stress and fatigue:** Physical and mental exhaustion can impair cognitive function and reduce effective communication. - By recognizing and understanding these socio-cultural and psychological barriers to communication, individuals and organizations can take steps to overcome them and foster more effective and inclusive communication. ## Q11. Describe formal (Upward, Downward, Horizontal) communication in brief. 1. **Upward Communication:** Information flows from employees to managers. Example: Feedback. 2. **Downward Communication:** Managers pass information to employees. Example: Instructions。 3. **Horizontal Communication:** Between peers or departments. Example: Team collaboration. ## Q12. What is plagiarism? Explain it in brief. - Plagiarism is using someone else's work or ideas without giving credit. It is unethical and can lead to penalties. ## Q13. What are the steps in team building? Explain with examples. -(Same as Q9) ## Q14. What is the process of listening and types of active listening? - **Process of Listening:** 1. Receiving - Understanding - Evaluating - Responding - Remembering - **Types of Active Listening:** 1. **Reflective Listening:** Paraphrasing the speaker. 2. **Empathetic Listening:** Understanding emotions. 3. **Critical Listening:** Evaluating the message's validity. ## Q15. Identify sender, receiver, message, medium, feedback. - **Sender:** The person who communicates. - **Receiver:** The person who receives the message. - **Message:** The content being communicated. - **Medium:** The method used (e.g., email, phone). - **Feedback:** The receiver's response. ## Q16. Explain the barriers of communication with examples and its types. ### Types of Barriers: 1. **Physical:** Noise, distance. 2. **Language:** Jargon, unclear terms. 3. **Cultural:** Different beliefs. 4. **Emotional:** Stress or anger. 5. **Perceptual:** Misunderstanding due to assumptions. Example: A noisy environment hindering a phone conversation. ## Q17. Explain the process of communication in brief. * **Process:** Sender - Message - Encoding - Channel - Decoding - Receiver - Feedback. ## Q18. Give the diagrammatic representation of a letter by using Full Block Style Format. - [Your Address] [Date] [Recipient's Name] [Recipient's Address] Subject: [Subject of Letter] Dear [Recipient's Name], [Body of the letter aligned to the left margin.] Sincerely, [Your Name] ## Q19. Differentiate between: - i) **Listening vs. Hearing:** Hearing is passive; listening is active. - ii) **Technical Description vs. Instructions:** Descriptions explain; instructions guide. - iii) **Caution vs. Warning:** Caution alerts to potential risks; warnings indicate immediate danger. - iv) **Values vs. Ethics:** Values are personal beliefs; ethics are societal standards. ## Q20. Write a short note on: - i) **Organizational Communication:** Sharing information within an organization to achieve goals. - ii) **"You Attitude":** Writing focused on the reader's needs. Example: "You will receive your order by tomorrow." - iii) **Email Etiquette:** Use a clear subject, formal tone, and proofread before sending. - iv) **Ethical Use of Al Tools:** Use Al responsibly without misusing its capabilities or violating copyrights. ## Q21. Define the terms: - **Caution:** Alert for minor risks. - **Precaution:** Steps to avoid risks. - **Warning:** Notice for serious risks. - **Danger:** High risk or threat. - **Note:** Additional important information. ## Q22. Write synonyms, antonyms, word forms, and common errors: - **Synonyms:** Happy - Joyful. - **Antonyms:** Happy - Sad. - **Word Forms:** Decide - Decision - Decisive. - **Common Errors:** Subject-verb agreement: "He don't know" -> "He doesn't know."