Parts and Whole Analysis PDF

PARTS AND WHOLE, PATTERN ANALYSIS , AND THINKING MS. GLENDA SAMSEL – SALUDO, MEM KEY PART - a piece or segment of CONCEPTS something such as an object, activity, or period of time, which combined with other pieces makes up the whole. WHOLE - in a...

PARTS AND WHOLE, PATTERN ANALYSIS , AND THINKING MS. GLENDA SAMSEL – SALUDO, MEM KEY PART - a piece or segment of CONCEPTS something such as an object, activity, or period of time, which combined with other pieces makes up the whole. WHOLE - in an unbroken or undamaged state; in one piece. GESTALT Gestalt psychology, school of psychology founded in the 20th century that provided the foundation for the modern PSYCHOLOGY study of perception. Epistemology Gestalt -is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been “placed,” or “put together.” There is no exact equivalent in English. “Form” and “shape” are the usual translations; in Psychology the word is often interpreted as “pattern” or “configuration.” Main premise Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. That is, the attributes of the whole are not deducible from analysis of the parts in isolation. ‘the whole is more than the sum of its parts” KEY CONCEPTS Gestalt psychology is a school of thought in Psychology that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole. When trying to make sense of the world around us, Gestalt psychology suggests that we do not simply focus on every small component. GESTALT Proponents PSYCHOLOGY The publication of Czech-born psychologist Max Wertheimer’s “Experimentelle Studien über das Sehen von Bewegung” (“Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement”) in 1912 marks the founding of the Gestalt school. In it Wertheimer reported the result of a study on apparent movement conducted in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, with psychologists Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka. Together, these three formed the core of the Gestalt school for the next few decades. (By the mid-1930s all had become professors in the United States.) GESTALT Gestalt theory originated in Austria and Germany as a reaction against the associationist and structural schools’ PSYCHOLOGY atomistic orientation (an approach which fragmented experience into distinct and unrelated elements). Gestalt studies made use instead of phenomenology. This method, with a tradition going back to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, involves nothing more than the description of direct psychological experience, with no restrictions on what is permissible in the description. Gestalt psychology was in part an attempt to add a humanistic dimension to what was considered a sterile approach to the scientific study of mental life. Gestalt psychology further sought to encompass the qualities of form, meaning, and value that prevailing psychologists had either ignored or presumed to fall outside the boundaries of science. GESTALT Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that looks at the human PSYCHOLOGY mind and behavior as a whole. üWhen trying to make sense of the world around us, Gestalt psychology suggests that we do not simply focus on every small component. Instead, our minds tend to perceive objects as part of a greater whole and as elements of more complex systems. ü This school of psychology played a major role in the modern  Gestalt principles commonly referenced are: GESTALT Similarity – we tend to group similar items PSYCHOLOGY together Continuation - The law of continuity holds that points that are connected by straight or curving lines are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path. Closure – if something is missing in an otherwise complete figure, we will tend to add to it Proximity – The law of proximity suggests that objects near each other tend to be viewed as a group. Figure-ground – we seem to have an innate  GESTALT PRINCIPLES GESTALT PRINCIPLES  GUESS THE NAME OF THE PICTURE ACTIVITY GESTALT Gestalt therapy PSYCHOLOGY a psychotherapeutic approach developed by Fredrick S. Perls and others in the 1940s, influenced by Gestalt psychology, is a therapy that takes into account the whole individual and is concerned with the APPLICATION Componential analysis (feature analysis or contrast analysis) is the analysis of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given as "present", "absent" or "indifferent with reference to feature". üComponential analysis is a method typical of structural semantics which analyzes the components of a word's meaning. üIt reveals the culturally important features by which speakers of the language distinguish different words in a semantic field or domain (Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 20).  GUESS THE NAME OF THE PICTURE COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS  GUESS THE NAME OF THE PICTURE COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS APPLICATION Instruction: COMPONENTIAL Make a componential analysis of the words below. 1.Inum ANALYSIS 2.Danum 3.Inuman 4.Inuminan a. What is the core word? What is its meaning? b. ?b.How does the changes in the word affect the meaning of the core word? APPLICATION STEREOTYPE- a widely held but GESTALT / fixed and image or idea of a HOLISTIC particular type of person or ANALYSIS thing. Instruction: Analyze the phenomenon of stereotypes , using the Gestalt principles ANSWER Instruction: COMPONENTIAL Make a componential analysis of the words below. 1.Inum – i-num ANALYSIS 2.Danum- da-num 3.Inuman – i-num-an 4.Inuminan- i-num-inan a. What is the core word? What is its meaning? b. How does the changes in the word affect the meaning of the core word? LESSON 1. Discuss the nature and OBJECTIVES importance of patterns. TOPIC: 2. Distinguish forms and types of PATTERNS patterns. 3. Analyze the applications of patterns.  PATTERN - KEY CONCEPTS § a recurring form , situation PATTERN- § a natural or chance configuration DEFINITION § a form or model proposed for imitation : EXEMPLAR § a reliable sample of traits, acts, tendencies, or other observable characteristics of a person, group, or institution a behavior pattern spending patterns the prevailing pattern of speech Source: Merriam-Webster Dictionary  ü Abstract reasoning (also known as inductive, logical, or non- KEY CONCEPTS verbal reasoning), represents a person’s ability to solve problems, identify patterns, and work with logical systems. PATTERN- ü Abstract reasoning tests are more pure fluid intelligence tasks. DEFINITION Because abstract reasoning involves no verbal or numerical component, abstract reasoning is a particularly pure measure of fluid intelligence. They are also both language free and culture fair. ü Abstract reasoning is closely aligned to “Fluid Intelligence”, showing less association with “Crystallised Intelligence”. Whereas crystallised intelligence relates to learned knowledge and experience, Fluid intelligence pertains to a person’s problem- solving ability based solely on logic, rather than any prior knowledge. KEY CONCEPTS FORMS OF PATTERNS PATTERN-FORMS 1. Verbal – in the form of words, phrases, vocabulary 2. Mathematical – numbers, problems, dimensions, figures 3. Spatial – shapes, forms, 2D, 3D objects KEY CONCEPTS FORMS OF PATTERNS PATTERN-TYPES (PROCESS) 1. Recurring 2. Alternating 3. Circular  STEREOTYPE- a widely held but ANALYSIS fixed and image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Instruction: Analyze the phenomenon of stereotypes , using the Gestalt principles  STEREOTYPES- a widely held but fixed and image or idea of a ANSWER particular type of person or thing. This can be explained by the Gestalt principle of similarity And can be analyzed using the fallacy of sufficiency or specifically –fallacy of hasty generalization  fallacies of sufficiency ANSWER fallacy of hasty generalization -a type of fallacy of insufficiency Which occurs when a conclusion concerning all members of a group is drawn from evidence that pertains to only a selected or limited sample or small group.