Human Geography Notes PDF

# ¿Qué imagen se os viene a la cabeza al pensar en "Geografía Humana"? ## Africa Map The picture shows a map of Africa, highlighting the Sahara Desert. The image also has a scale depicting the population density of the continent in 2024. ## Population Pyramid A population pyramid illustrates...

# ¿Qué imagen se os viene a la cabeza al pensar en "Geografía Humana"? ## Africa Map The picture shows a map of Africa, highlighting the Sahara Desert. The image also has a scale depicting the population density of the continent in 2024. ## Population Pyramid A population pyramid illustrates the change of the population distribution by age with reference to gender. | Age | Men | Women | |---|---|---| | 15 Years and more | 153,261 | 240,792 | | 70-74 Years | 121,015 | 140,006 | | 65-69 Years | 176,620 | 198,681 | | 60-64 Years | 242,488 | 280,562 | | 55-59 Years | 311,889 | 353,962 | | 50-54 Years | 415,118 | 463,477 | | 45-49 Years | 463,556 | 516,742 | | 40-44 Years | 556,842 | 631,241 | | 35-39 Years | 576,565 | 655,199 | | 30-34 Years | 588,853 | 661,367 | | 25-29 Years | 617,977 | 675,025 | | 20-24 Years | 716,552 | 741,132 | | 15-19 Years | 713,739 | 706,094 | | 10-14 Years | 752,054 | 743,185 | | 5-9 years | 740,982 | 714,693 | | 0-4 Years | 678,929 | 658,978 | ## Puntos sobre los que vamos a trabajar en Geografía Humana: 1. **¿Qué es la Geografía Humana?** Origen, disciplinas ligadas e importancia en la actualidad. 2. **Estudio de la población:** Demografía, tasas de crecimiento, evolución y políticas asociadas. 3. **Geografía humana y espacio.** Influencias interrelacionadas. 4. **Actividad económica.** Sectores y factores asociados. ## Reflexionar - **Hablar** - **Criticar** - **Juzgar** - **Argumentar** ## Thinking Process - **Veo** - **Pienso** - **Me pregunto** # ¿Qué es la Geografía Humana? - It focuses on the study of interactions between humans and their geographic environment. - Illustrates with images: *crowd of people, a baby sleeping, a man looking at a tablet in a field, Uncle Sam "I Want You" poster, a line of people walking*. ## Origins of Human Geography - **Late 19th Century:** **Determinism** (humans are conditioned by the environment) - **Late 19th/Early 20th Century:** **Possibilism** (geography can influence humans, but they also adapt and modify it). # 1.2 Types or classification of Human Geography - **People:** Geography of the population. - **Coins:** Economic Geography. - **Globe:** Cultural Geography. - **Pin:** Urban Geography. - **Tree:** Rural geography - **Globe:** Political Geography. - **Mountain:** Historical Geography. # Human Geography - It focuses on the study of interactions between humans and their geographic environment. ## Subcategories: 1. **Urban Geography:** Landscape, cities, planning, problems of socioeconomic and environmental nature. 2. **Rural Geography:** Analysis of rural areas, including agriculture, life in the countryside, and the changes in population. 3. **Economic Geography:** Distribution of economic activity, production, commerce, industry, and economic development patterns. 4. **Social Geography:** Social interactions and cultural patterns, covering topics like cultural diversity and identity, migration, and religious geography. 5. **Political Geography:** Political divisions of the world, borders, conflicts, territorial relationships. 6. **Population Geography:** The distribution of the population, demographics, and population growth patterns. 7. **Cultural Geography:** The influence of culture on geographic space, human perceptions of space, cultural diffusion and the construction of cultural landscapes. 8. **Historical Geography:** Retrospective and sequential changes in the organization of geographic space over time. - **Other possible subcategories** may include geography of transport, tourism, and medical geography. # Geografía - **General Geography** - **Physical Geography** - **Human Geography** - **Regional Geography** ## Subcategories: ### Physical Geography: - Geology - Soil Science - Geophysics - Biology - Botany - Zoology - Hydrology - Marine Biology - Topography - Drawing - Mathematics - Physics - Astronomy - Meteorology - Climatology - Mathematical geography ### Human Geography: - Political geography - Population geography - Economic geography - Rural geography - Urban Geography - Transport geography - Historical Geography - Anthropogeography ### Regional Geography: - Law - History - Sociology - Statistics - Demography - Economics - History - Agronomy - Rural sociology - Urbanism - Architecture - Urban sociology - History - Anthropology # Geography, Physical and Human - There is a **mutual influence** between physical and human geography. - Natural factors directly impact humans. - Humans also influence the physical space they live in. # Scientific Method Depending on the Subject Area - **Physical Geography:** Fieldwork, direct observation, and data collection. - **Human Geography:** Focus on data collection, analysis, and representation through graphs. ## Human Geography Methods - **Traditional Approach:** Observation, recording, detailed description, and use of historical documents. - **Contemporary Approach:** Use of questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and primary data. - **Humanist Geography:** Emphasizes understanding places as specific locations tied to individual experiences, sensations, and values. # Human Geography in the 21st Century ## Facing Challenges: - **Globalization:** Multiple intellectual possibilities, a sense of uncertainty, inclusion of global knowledge, and the challenges of diversity and inequality. - **Relativism:** The rejection of absolute truth, the search for knowledge open to diverse perspectives, the analysis of different values and opinions, and methodologies based on dialogue and cooperation. # What Role does Human Geography play in the concept of the World? Human geography and history are **fundamental contributors** in understanding the development of **spatial identities and political dynamics.** # What does this Image Represent? - This image is a map that represents the urban growth of Albacete over the years. - The darker red areas represent growth from the years 2011-2013. The lightest yellow represents growth from 2020. # Contextualized 21st Century - Illustrates two different models of urban growth; concentric zones and sector models. - The **concentric zone model** proposes that a city grows in rings around the central business district. - The **sector model** suggests that a city grows in a series of sectors extending from the central district. # How are Physical and Human Geography Linked? What about History? - The image is an example of how **physical, human, and historical geography** intertwine. - The picture shows a map of Albacete from 1628, highlighting how the human environment has changed over time. - It demonstrates the need to **understand the geographic context** of any historical period in order to make sense of events and situations. # Geography: A Continuous Change - *Flooded streets in Libya*, - *Recent earthquake in Morocco: 2,800 deaths and 2,500 injuries*, - *The DANA (Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos) phenomenon in Spain.* **These events reflect the ongoing nature of change and the need for a global perspective.** # Albacete The images show a **contrast between the beauty and potential** of Albacete as well as the challenges it faces with urban renewal and infrastructure development. # Social Change and Educational Concepts - **Social Transformation in Human Relationships:** - **Emphasis on learning, self-acceptance, and recognizing personal capabilities and limitations.** - **Time and Space in Education:** - **Integrating time and space into the social context of learning.** - **Understanding how people perceive and experience time and space.** # Israel and Palestina - **Human Geography and Artificial Intelligence:** - Encouraging critical thinking when interpreting visual material (images). - **Contextualizing the Conflict:** - **Understanding the historical and geographic context** of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. - **Human Geography and the Conflict:** - **Exploring the role of geography** in shaping and impacting the conflict. The pictures of the Israeli and Palestinian flags set against a background of fire are symbolic of the conflict and its impact on people's lives and the environment. # Summary This document highlights the diverse and complex nature of human geography. The documents use images, maps, and other visual materials to explore the interrelationships between people and their environment. It emphasizes the importance of understanding both the historical and current context of geographic events. The document also discusses the role of human geography in the 21st century and the challenges it faces in a world increasingly interconnected and dynamic.