Paragraph Writing PDF

Functional English  Paragraph Writing A paragraph is a group of related sentences whose purpose is to express one basic, central idea (main idea). Paragraph writing is the foundation of all essay writing, whether the form is expository, persuasive, narrative, or creative. For writing a good...

Functional English  Paragraph Writing A paragraph is a group of related sentences whose purpose is to express one basic, central idea (main idea). Paragraph writing is the foundation of all essay writing, whether the form is expository, persuasive, narrative, or creative. For writing a good paragraph, students need to understand the four essential elements of paragraph writing and how each element contributes to the whole.  Four Elements The four elements essential to good paragraph writing are: unity, coherence, order, and completene ss.  1. Unity Unity in a paragraph begins with the topic sentence. Every paragraph has one single, controlling idea that is expressed in its topic sentence. A paragraph is unified around this main idea, with the supporting sentences providing detail and discussion. In order to write a good topic sentence, think about your theme and all the points you want to make. Decide which point drives the rest, and then write it as your topic sentence. TOPIC SENTE NCE  TOPIC SENTENCE The Clear topic senten Specific ce Well needs to be focused  Anatomy of a Paragraph Topic Body Sentence The details which make Contains TWO PARTS your topic sentence vivid to the reader, that Controlling prove your Topic Idea point  Identify the TOPIC and CONTROLLING IDEA in each Ahmad’s sloppiness is a terrible habit. Ahmad’s sloppiness is an endearing quality. Sara’s dirty kitchen is a sign of her cooking skills. Sara’s dirty kitchen makes me want to call the health department.  1. Unity Unity in a paragraph begins with the topic sentence. Every paragraph has one single, controlling idea that is expressed in its topic sentence. A paragraph is unified around this main idea, with the supporting sentences providing detail and discussion. In order to write a good topic sentence, think about your theme and all the points you want to make. Decide which point drives the rest, and then write it as your topic sentence.  1. Unity Facts or Based on your evidence purpose, Examples you can provide Anecdotes the following Analogies types of support/de Quotations tails to create a unified paragraph:  1. Unity - Example You can increase your chances of living a long life by choosing a healthy lifestyle. There are a number of life choices you can make. You can start by engaging in exercise each day for 30 minutes. You can stop eating junk food, reduce your calorie intake, and eat more fruits and vegetables. If you are stressed out, you should find more time to relax, and engage in leisure pursuits like some hobbies. All these changes will help you lead a happier life.  2. Coherence Coherence is the trait that makes the paragraph easily understandable to a reader. You can help create coherence in your paragraphs by creating logical bridges and verbal bridges. Logical bridges The same idea of a topic is carried over from sentence to sentence. Successive sentences can be constructed in parallel form.  Logical Bridges Observation can be used as both a quantitative and a qualitative research methodology. In the case described in this study, observation was mainly used qualitatively as the research was highly exploratory in nature. On the other hand, observation, if structured, can generate detailed quantitative findings. Data, for example, generated via EPoS tracking (a machine-based observational tool) is highly statistical in nature. Whether findings generated by observation are quantitative or qualitative in nature depends on whether the research is structured or unstructured – which, in turn, often depends on the stage of the research project.  Logical Bridges Observation can be used as both a quantitative and a qualitative research methodology. In the case described in this study, observation was mainly used qualitatively as the research was highly exploratory in nature. On the other hand, observation, if structured, can generate detailed quantitative findings. Data, for example, generated via EPoS tracking (a machine-based observational tool) is highly statistical in nature. Whether findings generated by observation are quantitative or qualitative in nature depends on whether the research is structured or unstructured – which, in turn, often depends on the stage of the research project.  Logical Bridges Observation can be used as both a quantitative and a qualitative research methodology. In the case described in this study, observation was mainly used qualitatively as the research was highly exploratory in nature. On the other hand, observation, if structured, can generate detailed quantitative findings. Data, for example, generated via EPoS tracking (a machine-based observational tool) is highly statistical in nature. Whether findings generated by observation are quantitative or qualitative in nature depends on whether the research is structured or unstructured – which, in turn, often depends on the stage of the research project.  Logical Bridges Observation can be used as both a quantitative and a qualitative research methodology. In the case described in this study, observation was mainly used qualitatively as the research was highly exploratory in nature. On the other hand, observation, if structured, can generate detailed quantitative findings. Data, for example, generated via EPoS tracking (a machine-based observational tool) is highly statistical in nature. Whether findings generated by observation are quantitative or qualitative in nature depends on whether the research is structured or unstructured – which, in turn, often depends on the stage of the research project.  Logical Bridges Observation can be used as both a quantitative and a qualitative research methodology. In the case described in this study, observation was mainly used qualitatively as the research was highly exploratory in nature. On the other hand, observation, if structured, can generate detailed quantitative findings. Data, for example, generated via EPoS tracking (a machine-based observational tool) is highly statistical in nature. Whether findings generated by observation are quantitative or qualitative in nature depends on whether the research is structured or unstructured – which, in turn, often depends on the stage of the research project.  Verbal Bridges Pronouns Synonymo can refer Key words us words to nouns can be can be in repeated repeated previous in several in several sentences sentences sentences (his, their, this, its) Keywords Synonymous Words Synonymous Words Synonymous Words Synonymous Words  Using Pronouns James and Mary were siblings. One day James and Mary returned from school. James and Mary were very hungry and went straight into the kitchen. James and Mary wanted to eat something. In the kitchen James and Mary saw a cat. The cat was drinking the milk mother had kept for James and Mary. James ran out screaming. James was scared. James was always afraid of cats. Mary was a brave girl. Mary was not afraid of anything. Mary shooed the cat away. The cat ran out. James saw the cat running away. James came back into the kitchen. James praised Mary for Mary’s courage. Mary thanked James.  Using Pronouns James and Mary were siblings. One day they returned from school. They were very hungry and went straight into the kitchen. They wanted to eat something. In the kitchen they saw a cat. It was drinking the milk mother had kept for them. James ran out screaming. He was scared. He was always afraid of cats. Mary was a brave girl. She was not afraid of anything. She shooed the cat away. It ran out. James saw the cat running out. He came back into the kitchen. He praised Mary for her courage. Mary thanked him. 3. Order  4. Completeness With the development of the economies, higher standards require for companies to meet. With the development of economies, companies need to meet higher standards.  4. Completeness - Example Focuses on the company, its survival closely associated with some other social parts in broader social system. [This essay] focuses on the company. Its survival is closely associated with some other aspects of the broader social system.  Let’s Summarize Paragraph Writing Elements: Completen Unity Coherence Order ess  Task Using the explained Strategies, write structured Paragraphs on: Your Family Every paragraph should talk about one individual of your family. Word Limit: 300-500 words