P&ID Lesson 1 for Exam PDF

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) Stream Information -Since diagrams are small not much stream information can be included. -Include important data – around reactors and towers, etc. ❑ Flags are used ❑ Full stream data EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 1  P...

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) Stream Information -Since diagrams are small not much stream information can be included. -Include important data – around reactors and towers, etc. ❑ Flags are used ❑ Full stream data EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 1  PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) PFD will contains the following information:- - Basic control loops: showing the control strategy used to operate the process under normal operations. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 2  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) ❑ Also known as “PROCESS & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM” ❑ Detailed graphical representation of a process including the hardware and software (i.e piping, equipment, and instrumentation) necessary to design, construct and operate the facility. ❑ Common synonyms for P&IDs include Engineering Flow Diagram (EFD), Utility Flow Diagram (UFD) and Mechanical Flow Diagram (MFD). EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 3  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Basic Loop Process Sensing Element Final Control Measuring Element Element Transmitter Transmit Element Control Element EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 4  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Basic Loop Set point Controller Transmitter Fluid Fluid Orifice (Flow Sensor) EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 5  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) SENSORS (Sensing Element) ✓ A device, such as a photoelectric cell, that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus. ✓ A device, usually electronic, which detects a variable quantity and measures and converts the measurement into a signal to be recorded elsewhere. ✓ A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. ✓ For example, a mercury thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. ✓ For accuracy, all sensors need to be calibrated against known standards. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 6  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) TEMPERATURE SENSOR 1. Thermocouple A thermocouple is a junction between two different metals that produces a voltage related to a temperature difference. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor and can also be used to convert heat into electric power. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 7  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) TEMPERATURE SENSOR 2. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) ✓Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD), as the name implies, are sensors used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature. ✓Most RTD elements consist of a length of fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. The element is usually quite fragile, so it is often placed inside a sheathed probe to protect it. ✓The RTD element is made from a pure material whose resistance at various temperatures has been documented. The material has a predictable change in resistance as the temperature changes; it is this predictable change that is used to determine temperature. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 8  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) FLOW SENSOR 2. Magnetic Flow Meter Measurement of slurries and of corrosive or abrasive or other difficult fluids is easily made. There is no obstruction to fluid flow and pressure drop is minimal. The meters are unaffected by viscosity, density, temperature, pressure and fluid turbulence. Magnetic flow meters utilize the principle of Faraday’s Law of Induction; similar principle of an electrical generator. When an electrical conductor moves at right angle to a magnetic field, a voltage is induced. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 9  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) FLOW SENSOR EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 10  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) FLOW SENSOR 3. Orifice Meter An orifice meter is a conduit and restriction to create a pressure drop. A nozzle, venture or thin sharp edged orifice can be used as the flow restriction. To use this type of device for measurement, it is necessary to empirically calibrate this device. An orifice in a pipeline is shown in the figures with a manometer for measuring the drop in pressure (differential) as the fluid passes thru the orifice. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 11  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) FLOW SENSOR 4. Venturi Meter A device for measuring flow of a fluid in terms of the drop in pressure when the fluid flows into the constriction of a Venturi tube. A meter, developed by Clemens Herschel, for measuring flow of water or other fluids through closed conduits or pipes. It consists of a venturi tube and one of several forms of flow registering devices. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 12  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) TRANSMITTER Transmitter is a transducer* that responds to a measurement variable and converts that input into a standardized transmission signal. *Transducer is a device that receives output signal from sensors. Pressure Level Differential Pressure Pressure Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 13  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) CONTROLLER Controller is a device which monitors and affects the operational conditions of a given dynamical system. The operational conditions are typically referred to as output variables of the system which can be affected by adjusting certain input variables. Recording Controller Indicating ControllerEGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 14  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT Final Control Element is a device that directly controls the value of manipulated variable of control loop. Final control element may be control valves, pumps, heaters, etc. Pump Control Valve Heater EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 15  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Symbology Instruments that are field mounted. -Instruments that are mounted on process plant (i.e sensor that mounted on pipeline or process equipments. Field mounted on pipeline EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 16  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Symbology Instruments that are board mounted -Instruments that are mounted on control board. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 17  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Symbology Instruments that are board mounted (invisible). -Instruments that are mounted behind a control panel board. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 18  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Symbology Instruments that are functioned in Distributed Control System (DCS) - A distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system usually of a manufacturing system, process or any kind of dynamic system, in which the controller elements are not central in location (like the brain) but are distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system controlled by one or more controllers. The entire system of controllers is connected by networks for communication and monitoring. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 19  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Symbology EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 20  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) FC Flow Controller PT Pressure Transmitter FE Flow Element PTD Pressure Transducer FI Flow Indicator FT Flow Transmitter LC Level Controller FS Flow Switch LG Level Gauge FIC Flow Indicating Controller LR Level Recorder FCV Flow Control Valve LT Level Transmitter FRC Flow Recording Controller LS Level Switch LIC Level Indicating Controller PC Pressure Controller LCV Level Control Valve PG Pressure Gauge LRC Level Recording Controller PI Pressure Indicator PR Pressure Recorder TE Temperature Element EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 21  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) PS Pressure Switch TI Temperature Indicator PIC Pressure Indicating Controller TR Temperature Recorder PCV Pressure Control Valve TS Temperature Switch PRC Pressure Recording Controller TC Temperature Controller PDI Pressure Differential Indicator TT Temperature Transmitter PDR Pressure Differential Recorder PDS Pressure Differential Switch PDT Pressure Differential Transmitter EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 22  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Signal Lines Symbology EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 23  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Principal of P&ID Example 1 With using these following symbols; LC LC LV 100 V-100 LT Complete control loop for LCV 101 LCV 101 EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 24  The Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Sometimes also known as Process & Instrumentation Diagram PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Example 2 With using these following symbology; PRV-100 PE Where PE is locally mounted on V-100 PE PIC Where PT is locally mounted PT V-100 PT PIC Where PIC is function in DCS Draw control loop to show that PRV-100 will be activated to relief pressure when the pressure in the V-100 is higher than desired value. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 25  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Exercise 1 pHIC 1 pHE 1 pHT 1 pHIC 2 pHE 2 pHT 2 CV-102 TK-102 The diagram shows pH (base feed tank) adjustment; part of waste water treatment process. With using above symbols, draw control loop where the process need is: The process shall maintained at pH 6. When the process liquid states below pH 6, CV-102 will be opened to dosing NaOH to the tank TK-100. When the CV-101 process liquid states above pH 6, TK-100 TK-101 CV-101 will be operated to (pH adjustment tank) (acid feed tank) dosing HCl. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 26  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Answer 1 pHIC 2 pHIC 1 pHE 1 pHT 1 pHIC 2 pHTE pHT 2 2 CV-102 TK-102 The diagram shows pH (base feed tank) adjustment; part of waste water pHT 2 treatment process. With using pHIC 1 above symbols, draw control pHT 1 loop where the process need is: pHE 2 pHE 1 The process shall maintained at pH 6. When the process liquid states below pH 6, CV-102 will be opened to dosing NaOH in the base feed tank. When the CV-101 process liquid states above pH 6, TK-100 TK-101 CV-101 will be operated to (pH adjustment tank) (acid feed tank) dosing HCl in the acid fed tank. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 27  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Exercise 2 LIC 1 LT 1 FC L3 Where LT 1 and LIC 1 to control PCV-100 (failure close); PCV-100 L2 PCV-100 close when level reached TK-100 L1 L3 PCV-100 open when level below L3 FC L5 PCV-101 LT 2 LIC 2 V-100 L4 Where LT 2 and LIC 2 to control PCV-101 (failure close); PCV-101 close when level reached L5 PCV-101 open when level below L5 EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 28  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Answer 2 LIC 1 LT 1 LIC 1 FC L3 Where LT 1 and LIC 1 to control PRV-100 (failure close); PRV-100 L2 LT 1 PRV-100 close when level reached TK-100 L1 L3 LIC 2 PRV-100 open when level below L3 FC L5 LT 2 LIC 2 LT 2 PRV-101 V-100 L4 Where LT 1 and LIC 1 to control PRV-101 (failure close); PRV-101 close when level reached L5 PRV-101 open when level below L5 EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 29 PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Numbering ❑ XYY CZZLL X represents a process variable to be measured. (T=temperature, F=flow, P=pressure, L=level) YY represents type of instruments. C designates the instruments area within the plant. ZZ designates the process unit number. LL designates the loop number. EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 30  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Numbering ❑ LIC 10003 L = Level shall be measured. IC = Indicating controller. 100 = Process unit no. 100 in the area of no. 1 03 = Loop number 3 EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 31  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) Instrumentation Numbering ❑ FRC 82516 F = Flow shall be measured. RC = Recording controller 825 = Process unit no. 825 in the area of no. 8. 16 = Loop number 16 EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 32 PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM (P&ID) The diagram shows pH adjustment; part of waste water treatment process. The process shall maintained at pH 6. When the process liquid states CV-102 TK-102 below pH 6, CV-102 will be pHIC (base feed tank) opened to dosing NaOH to the tank TK-100. When the process liquid states above pHT 1 pH 6, CV-101 will be operated to dosing HCl. CV-101 TK-100 TK-101 (pH adjustment tank) (acid feed tank) EGOG2240-Oil & Gas Workshop 33