Control Systems and Instrumentation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes field mounted instruments from board mounted instruments?

Field mounted instruments are part of a Distributed Control System.

Field mounted instruments are installed behind control panels.

Field mounted instruments are only used in manufacturing systems.

Field mounted instruments are mounted directly on process equipment. (correct)

Which statement correctly describes a Distributed Control System (DCS)?

All controllers in a DCS are located in a central location.

A DCS is primarily designed for non-dynamic systems.

A DCS uses a single controller to manage the entire system.

Controllers in a DCS are distributed and operate independently. (correct)

Where are board mounted instruments typically located?

On pipelines within the manufacturing process.

At the control room windows for easy access.

On control panels or boards. (correct)

In hazardous environments outside the facility.

What is a characteristic of instruments that are 'invisible' on a control board?

They are mounted behind a control panel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes instruments mounted in a field setting?

They are installed for direct interaction with process materials. Signup and view all the answers

What action does CV-102 perform when the process liquid's pH falls below 6?

It opens to dose NaOH to the tank TK-100. Signup and view all the answers

Which tank is responsible for pH adjustment in the diagram?

TK-100 Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the process liquid's pH exceeds 6?

CV-101 will be operated to dose HCl. Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is dosed to lower the pH of the process liquid?

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target pH level that the process aims to maintain?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an orifice meter?

To create a pressure drop for fluid measurement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following devices uses a constriction for measuring flow?

Orifice Meter Signup and view all the answers

What role does a transmitter play in a measurement system?

To convert a measurement into a standardized signal Signup and view all the answers

What does a controller do in a dynamic system?

Monitors and affects operational conditions of the system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a final control element?

Control Valve Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meter was developed by Clemens Herschel for flow measurement?

Venturi Meter Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a manometer in a flow measurement system?

To measure pressure drop across an orifice Signup and view all the answers

Which component directly influences the manipulated variable in a control loop?

Final Control Element Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary use of a Process Flow Diagram (PFD)?

To display the control strategy used during normal operations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes what a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) represents?

A detailed graphical representation of hardware and software necessary for operation Signup and view all the answers

What type of elements are included in a basic control loop in P&IDs?

Sensing element, final control element, and measuring element Signup and view all the answers

What function does a sensing element provide in a control loop?

To detect a variable quantity and convert it into a signal Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a synonym for Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)?

Control Strategy Overview (CSO) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data is typically included in a PFD?

Important data around reactors and towers Signup and view all the answers

In a control loop diagram, what does the term 'set point' refer to?

The target value that the control loop aims to maintain Signup and view all the answers

What role does a transmitter play in a basic loop of a P&ID?

It measures fluid properties and transmits the data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the control loop depicted in the diagram?

To maintain the pH level of the wastewater at 6 Signup and view all the answers

When the process liquid's pH falls below 6, which valve is activated?

CV-102 to dose NaOH Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the pH of the process liquid exceeds 6?

CV-101 is opened to dose HCl Signup and view all the answers

Which component is indicated as controlling the addition of NaOH?

CV-102 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the components labeled as pHIC in the diagram?

To display the current pH measurement Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the diagram, what does TK-102 represent?

The base feed tank Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes one of the valves in the system?

CV-101 operates to release NaOH when necessary Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of pHT 1 and pHT 2 indicate in the diagram?

They are points for pH measurement within the process Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'L' in the instrumentation number signify?

Level measurement Signup and view all the answers

In the instrumentation number 'FRC 82516', what does 'RC' stand for?

Recording controller Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the process liquid states below pH 6?

CV-102 will open to dose NaOH Signup and view all the answers

If an instrument is labeled 'LIC 10003', what does '100' signify?

Process unit number Signup and view all the answers

What would CV-101 do when the process liquid states above pH 6?

Open to dose HCl Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Instrumentation Numbering, what does 'IC' stand for?

Indicating controller Signup and view all the answers

In the instrumentation numbering scheme, what does '03' imply in 'LIC 10003'?

Loop number Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does TK-100 serve in the waste water treatment process?

pH adjustment tank Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

PFDs are small diagrams, limiting stream information.
They include crucial data around reactors and towers.
Flags are used to track data.
Full stream data is not typically included.

Basic Control Loops

PFDs display control strategies for normal operations.
Key elements include basic control loops.

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

P&IDs graphically represent the hardware and software necessary for process operation.
Include piping, equipment, and instrumentation.
Synonyms include Engineering Flow Diagram (EFD), Utility Flow Diagram (UFD), and Mechanical Flow Diagram (MFD).

Basic Loop (P&ID)

A basic loop in a P&ID includes a process, a sensing element, measuring element, transmitter, and a final control element.
This loop tracks the variable being monitored and controls the process.

Sensors (Sensing Element)

Sensors detect, measure, and convert physical quantities into signals.
Specific examples include photoelectric cells and mercury thermometers.
Calibration against known standards is necessary for accuracy.

Temperature Sensor (Thermocouple)

A thermocouple is a junction of two different metals that produce a voltage proportional to temperature difference.
Thermocouples accurately measure temperature and convert heat energy into electrical energy.

Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

RTDs are temperature sensors that measure temperature by correlating resistance with temperature.
RTD elements are typically made of coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core.
Their resistance changes predictably with temperature.

Flow Sensor (Magnetic Flow Meter)

Magnetic flow meters measure fluid flow without obstructing it.
They are unaffected by viscosity, density, temperature, pressure, and fluid turbulence.
The principle of Faraday's Law of Induction utilizes the movement of an electrical conductor perpendicular to a magnetic field.

Flow Sensor (Orifice Meter)

Orifice meters create a pressure drop to measure fluid flow.
A nozzle, venturi, or orifice can be used to restrict the flow.
Empirical calibration is needed for accurate measurements.

Flow Sensor (Venturi Meter)

Fluid flow is measured by the pressure drop caused by a venturi tube constriction.
This flow measurement device was invented by Clemens Herschel.

Transmitter

Transmitters convert input signals, from sensors, into standardized transmission signals.

Controller

Controllers monitor and adjust process operational conditions by altering input variables to control output variables.

Final Control Element

Final control elements (e.g., control valves, pumps, heaters) directly control the value of a manipulated variable in a control loop.

Instrumentation Symbology (Field Mounted)

Field-mounted instruments are connected to the process plant.
Specific examples include sensors connected to pipelines or process equipment.

Instrumentation Symbology (Board Mounted)

Board-mounted instruments are connected to the control panel.
They are typically located on control boards.

Instrumentation Symbology (Invisible)

Invisible instruments are located behind control panel boards.
These instruments are not directly visible but still connected to the system.

Distributed Control System (DCS)

DCS instruments are distributed throughout a manufacturing system or process.
They use networks for communication and monitoring.

Instrumentation Numbering

Examples of instrumentation numbering.

P&ID Examples

Various examples of P&IDs illustrating control loops and process functions.

Exercise 1 (P&ID Example)

The pH adjustment diagram illustrates control loop functionality.

Exercise 2 (P&ID Example)

Diagram showing control loop to control level in a tank using valves and transmitters.
Failure modes are also included.

Signal Lines

Various signal line types are illustrated.
They include pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical signals, etc.

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Description

Test your knowledge on control systems and instrumentation with this quiz. Topics include field vs. board mounted instruments, DCS characteristics, and pH control processes. Perfect for students and professionals in the engineering field.