Architecture And Project PDF

THEME 1 ARCHITECTURE AND PROJECT  ESSENTIAL CONTENTS Please, check all slides, but specially those including this sign IMPORTANT  ESSENTIAL CONTENTS IMPORTANT Summary...

THEME 1 ARCHITECTURE AND PROJECT  ESSENTIAL CONTENTS Please, check all slides, but specially those including this sign IMPORTANT  ESSENTIAL CONTENTS IMPORTANT Summary Page 1 Topics and contents to know: Know a definition of Art Know definitions of Architecture (at lest 3 definitions by famous Architects) 3 singularities of Architecture in relation to the other Fine Arts Architect: artist + technician What is SPACE? – Definition through comparison with Music DEVELOPMENT OF THEME 1  NC CONCEPTS AND BASIC DEFINITIONS THE WORK OF THE ARCHITECT THE REPRESENTATION OF ARCHITECTURE  NC CONCEPTS AND BASIC DEFINITIONS  NC BASIC DEFINITIONS OF ARCHITECTURE Dictionary: The Art and science of designing and superintending the erection of buildings. Origin (ethimology): 1563 From Latin: “”architectura”, from “architectus” - architect The word “Architecture” is understood as “art of building”  NC (Louis Kahn, † age 73 Penn Station, NY) “The creation of art is not the fulfillment of a need but the creation of a need. The world never needed Beethoven´s Fifth Symphony until he created it. Now we could not live without it”.  NC “I only feel happy as a teacher when I dont need to say «I would have done it this way»”. TODAY: Our current society: lack of culture and sensitiveness towards Architecture Mozart Shakespeare Velázquez… Sáenz de Oíza ? Louis Kahn (Conference at the Polytechnic of Milan, 1967): “First of all I must say that architecture doesn't exist. A work of architecture does exist… Not all buildings are architecture”  NC “Architectureis the masterly, correct and magnificent play of volumes IMPORTANT brought together in light” “Our eyes are made to see forms in light; light and shade reveal these forms; cubes, cones, spheres, cylinders or pyramids are the great primary forms which light reveals to advantage; the image of these is distinct and tangible within us and without ambiguity. It is for the reason that these are beau tiful forms, the most beautiful forms” Charles-Edouard Jeanneret - Le Corbusier (1887-1965), “Towards a new Architecture”, 1927 Geoffrey SCOTT, in “The Architecture of Humanism” (1914) defined it as follows: “Architecture, simply and immediately perceived, is a combination, revealed through light and shade, of spaces, of masses, and of lines”  IMPORTANT From VOLUME to SPACE (Quaroni, p. 66) “The creation –and the usufruct- of Architecture is essentially a creation and a usufruct of spaces…, spatial assembly of spatial relationships”  We could synthesize: Architecture is the composition of spaces in space (P.C.)  NC Ludwig MIES VAN DER ROHE (1886-1969) IMPORTANT “Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space” “Less is more” “God is in the details”  NC Tadao ANDO “Architecture does not consist in the mere manipulation of shapes, but in the construction of space and, overall, in the construction of a place” (Tadao Ando “Composición horizontal y naturaleza”. El Croquis, num 44, 1990, pag. 34  NC ARCHITECTURE and ART IMPORTANT What is ART ? Fernando Pessoa -1888-1935- “Art is the intellectualization of sensations through expression.”  NC ARCHITECTURE and ART What is ART ? "Success consists in being successful, not in having potential for success. Any wide piece of ground is the potential site of a palace, but there's no palace till it's built." The Book of Disquiet, 1913 Le Corbusier (1887-1965) “Towards a new Architecture”, 1927 “There is no Art without emotion, nor emotion without passion”.  NC IMPORTANT ARCHITECTURE goes beyond a mere explanation…it has to be felt 3 singularities of Architecture in relation to the other Fine Arts: 1.-Architecture is USEFUL for the human being living, inhabitation 2.-What is specific in Architecture : SPACE 3.-Architecture is the result of an individual creation, but in its building process is transformed into a colective work. And it begins from a social consensus Is this a work of Art ? First floor plan Music score: is this a work of Art ? Differences between music director, architect, builder… The concept of INTERPRETATION Sometimes, one architect INTERPRETS another architect Le Corbusier - Armando Williams, Curutchet House, 1948  Navarro Baldeweg: evoking Soane Architecture: “resonance box” IMPORTANT Music ≠ instruments Architecture ≠ buildings, it is the LIFE, the SPACE inside them Soane Salamanca  NC THE WORK OF THE ARCHITECT BASIC DEFINITIONS: THE ARCHITECT NC Dictionary: Architect: “A person qualified to design buildings and to supervise their erection” ETHIMOLOGY: Architect: 1563, from Latin “architectus” From Greek , “arkhitekton, master builder: arkhi, master - tekton, builder, carpenter”  What does the architect do ? -The architect researches; through that, he achieves inspiration...as a painter or an sculptor But the difference with those 2 type of artists lies on the fact that the architect DREAMS OF, CONCEIVES AND PRODUCES SPACES which are USEFUL for the human being.  NC ARTIST or TECHNICIAN ? IMPORTANT Both things, although in a simultaneous and integrated way As an ARTIST: making use of Architecture as a vehicle for expressing human feelings and sensitiveness As a TECHNICIAN: being able to transform into a built reality that expression, solving the problems which are inherent to the activity of construction  NC TASKS AND ACTIVITIES OF AN ARCHITECT In general Planning Territories Planning and programming CITIES Landscape, parks and gardens- Open spaces Designing and constructing BUILDINGS Designing DETAILS (Le Corbusier quotation) Types of architectural projects New plant - Refurbishment-Adaptation Others tasks and activities Reading and interpreting History (History - Historiography) Researching about shapes, techniques, materials Elaborating THEORIES about Architecture (texts) Teaching Real State rating, valuations, Expert works  Overall…. Ordering SPACES Sequences of spaces of diverse scales… Duarte House - Siza MOMA-Yoshio Taniguchi  Dynamic balance of openings NC References to Chillida Lizardiren-Lehioa, Tolosa, 1983 A. Sota - Gobierno Civil, Tarragona, 1956-63  NC “Architecture is the construction… It is true that the architect must dominate his construction with the same accuracy that the thinker dominates his grammar” Charles-Edouard Jeanneret - Le Corbusier (1887-1965), “Towards a new Architecture”, 1927  NC How does the architect work start and end nowadays? PRELIMINARY-Analysis of conditions (PLACE) – Study of the FUNCTIONAL PROGRAM – References – Impulses – the horror vacuum – A1.-BUILDINGS: The PROJECT (preliminar sketches, pre-project,basic project, execution project) – Construction – Construction management and modifications A2.-The CITY PLAN – The project (study in situ –social participation - Advance, suggestions, modifications – administrative approvals) - Realization  NC THE REPRESENTATION OF ARCHITECTURE  GRAPHIC DISPLAY THE PLAN Main goal: to represent the architectural OBJECT and its SPACE Each independent PLAN of a building is in itself an incomplete document AND GEOMETRY….  REPRESENTATION TOOLS 2-D Graphic physical supports: paper, tracing paper, greaseproof vegetal, acetate,… Traditional drawing tools: pencil, pen, marker, ruling pen… (set square-triangular scale, compass, eraser, air brush…) Photography: Black&White, colour,… Computer models: virtues and defaults 3-D Physical model (plaster, paperboard, wood,…), as a tool for representing or projecting  NC REPRESENTATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL SPACE (Graphic code and conventionalisms) PLANTS ELEVATIONS SECTIONS PERSPECTIVES PHYSICAL MODEL PHOTOGRAPHY COMPUTER MODEL PLANT ELEVATION  1 2 3 SECTION 2 1 3 PERSPECTIVE PHYSICAL MODEL PHOTOGRAPHY VIRTUAL (COMPUTER) MODEL