Organization & Management Grade 11-ABM PDF

G RADE 11- AB M ORG AN IZATION AN D M AN AG EM EN T LES S ON 1: NATUR E AND C ONCEPT OF M ANAG EM ENT Grade 11- ABM (Org. Mngt.) LEARNING MODULE 1: LESS ON 1 – N ATUR E AN D C ON C EP T of Management Le sson 2 – Fu n c ti on s, R ol es a n d S ki l l s of a M a n a g er  CONTENT INDEX...

G RADE 11- AB M ORG AN IZATION AN D M AN AG EM EN T LES S ON 1: NATUR E AND C ONCEPT OF M ANAG EM ENT Grade 11- ABM (Org. Mngt.) LEARNING MODULE 1: LESS ON 1 – N ATUR E AN D C ON C EP T of Management Le sson 2 – Fu n c ti on s, R ol es a n d S ki l l s of a M a n a g er  CONTENT INDEX DEFI NI TI ON OF FUNCTI ONS, MANAGEMENT ROLES AND CHARACTERI STI C SKI LLS OF A S AND NATURE MANAGER OF MANAGEMENT  "Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages business and manages managers and manages workers and work." Peter Drucker. According to Mary Parker Follet, "Management is the art of getting things done through people." Mary Parker Follet. According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals”. MANAGEMENT DEFINED BY MANAGEMENT GURU’S  CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT The salient features which highlight the nature of management are as follows: Management is goal Management is Management is oriented universal continuous process MANAG E ME NT IS NO T AN E ND IN ITSE L F. IT IS A ME ANS TO MANAG EM E NT I S AN T H E C YC LE OF T H E ACHIE VE CE RTAIN G OAL S. E SSE NTIAL E LE ME NT OF M A N A G EM EN T C ON T I N U E S MANAG E ME NT HAS NO T O OP E R AT E A S LON G A S E VERY ORG ANIZE D JUSTIF ICATIO N TO E X IST WITHO UT ACTIVI TY IRRE SP E C TI VE T H E R E I S OR G A N I ZE D G OAL S. MANAG E ME NT G OAL S AR E CAL L E D G R O UP G OAL S O R OF THE SI ZE OR THE TYP E A C T I ON FOR T H E O RG ANIZATIONAL G OAL S. THE OF THE AC TI VI TY. A C H I EV E M E N T OF G R OU P BASIC G OAL O F MANAG E ME NT IS G OA LS. M A N A G EM EN T I S 5 TO E NSUR E E F F ICIE NCY AND A N ON G OI N G P R OC E SS A N D E CO NOMY IN THE UTIL IZATIO N O F HUMAN, PHY SICAL AND I S A LS O A N EV ER - EN D I N G F INANCIAL R E S OUR CE S. THE P ROC E SS. M A N A G E M EN T I S SUCCE SS O F MANAG E ME NT IS DY N A M I C A N D T H E C YC L E ME ASUR E D BY THE E X TE NT TO I S C ON T I N U ES. WHICH THE E STABL IS HE D G OAL S ARE ACHIE VE D. THUS, THE CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT The salient features which highlight the nature of management are as follows: Management is multi- Management is Management is disciplinary intangible force situational MANAG EMENT MANAG EM E NT I S THERE IS NO BEST WAY OF TECHNIQU E S, PRINCIPLES E VID E NCE D BY THE D OING THING S. TO SOLVE AND THE ORIES ARE RE SU LTS OF I TS E F F ORTS A PARTICULAR P ROBLEMS D RAWN F ROM OTHER THROUG H OTHE RS. CONDITIONS AND D ISC IP LI NE S SUCH AS MANAG EM E NT I S U NSE E N SITUATIONS MUST BE E NG I NE ERING , AND I NVI SIBLE F ORCE. I T TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. ANTHROPOLOGY, C AN NOT BE SE E N, BU T socio lo gy a n d psy chology. I TS P RE SE NCE C AN BE I t d e p e nds on wide F E LT IN THE F ORM OF kno w le dg e a nd pract ice RE SU LTS I N VERY TYP E OF d e riv e d fro m v arious ORG ANIZATION. d iscipline. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT The salient features which highlight the nature of management are as follows: Management is both Management is a a science and an art system of authority SC IEN C E IS A SY S T E M AT IZE D MANAGEMENT P ROVI DES BODY OF K N OW LEDG E BA SE D THE DI RECTI ON OF EVERY ON C E RTA IN P R IN C IP LE S T H AT A R E G E N ER A LLY A P P LIE D. ACTI VI TY OF AN SC IEN T IF IC K N OW LED G E IS ORGANI ZATI ON. OBSE R V E D T H R OU G H T H E MANAGEMENT FORMS P R OC E SS OF C R IT IC A L A N D SY STEM OF AUTHORI TY C ON T IN U OU S OBSE R VAT ION OR A HI ERARCHY OF A N D IN T ELLIG EN T SP E C U LAT ION. A C C OR DIN G LY, COMMAND TO CONTROL M A N A G EM EN T A S A SC IEN C E IS THE ACTI VI TI ES AND GI VE BA SE D ON P R IN C IP LE S SMOOTH DI RECTI ON. IN ST EA D OF A T R A D IT ION A L WAY OF DOIN G T H IN G S IN T R IA L A N D ER R OR M E T H OD. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of Management Thought Source: https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of- management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366 CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of Management Thought Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: 1.Pre-scientifi c management period 2.Classical Theory a.Scientifi c Management of Taylor b.Administrative Management Source: https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of- of Fayol management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366 c. Bureaucratic Model of Max Weber CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF Evolution of MANAGEMENT management thought may be divided into four stages: Pre-scientifi c management period The pre-scientific management period marked the beginning of the study of management principles. It refers to the period immediately preceding the Scientifi c Management sta rted by F.W.Taylor and his associates. During this era, the focus was primarily on the personal skills and experienc es of managers and workers. Intuition, trial-and-error, and common sense w ere the guiding principles in the absence of systematic management theorie CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Classical Theory Classical management theory is based on the belief that workers only have physical and economic needs. Unlike more modern workplace management theories, it does not take into account social needs or job satisfaction but concentrated on job content and management of physical resources. The classical theory of management, which emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, introduced a scientific approach to management. It emphasized scientific principles of effi ciency, productivity, and division of labor. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Classical Theory Frederick Taylor’s scientific management approach focused on optimizing work processes and increasing productivity through scientifi c methods. His principles included the division of labor, time and motion studies, and the emphasis on training and standardization. Taylor’s work laid the foundation for the effi cient management of tasks and resources. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Classical Theory Henri Fayol’s administrative management theory provided a comprehensive framework for managing organizations. Fayol identifi ed the four functions of management – planning, organizing, commanding, and controlling – and identifi ed key principles such as unity of command, scalar chain, and discipline. His work emphasized the importance of managerial roles and hierarchical structure in achieving organizational eff ectiveness. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Features of Management in the Classical Period: 1.It was closely associated with the industrial revolution and the rise of large- scale enterprise. 2.Classical organization and management theory is based on contributions from a number of sources. They are scientific management, Administrative management theory, bureaucratic model, and micro-economics and public administration. 3.Management thought focused on job content division of labor, standardization, simplification and specialization and scientific approach CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Max Weber's bureaucratic model emphasizes formal, rational systems with well-defi ned rules and procedure Classical Theory. It is characterized by specialization, hierarchy, well-trained employees, managerial dedication, and impartiality of management. Weber’s ideal type of bureaucracy was described in Economy and Society, published in 1921. Weber believed that bureaucracies are the most effi cient way to organize large organizations and was a result of the inevitable rationalization and impersonalization of society. Bureaucracy, as defi ned by Weber, is an organizational structure characterized by many rules, standardized processes, procedures, CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Neo-Classical Theory/Behaviour Approach The neo-classical theory of management emerged as a response to the limitations of the classical theory. This approach introduced the human and social aspects of management, recognizing the critical role of employees in achieving organizational goals. Elton Mayo and Douglas McGregor were key contributors to this theory. The Neoclassical approach was developed many years ago because it was believed that the classical theory did not achieve complete production CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Neo-Classical Theory/Behaviour Approach Hence, there was a greater interest in assisting managers to deal more eff ectively with the “people side” of the organization. The neo-classical approach refl ects a slight modification over the classical approach. The neoclassical approach identifies the importance of physiological and social aspects of workers as an individual and their relationships within and among the group of the organization. The Neoclassical Theory gained importance specifically in the rise of the “Hawthorne Experiment” at CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Elton Mayo’sApproach Neo-Classical Theory/Behaviour Hawthorne studies highlighted the s ignifi cance of the human factor in organizations. His research demonstrated that factors such as motivation, leadership, and communication could signifi cantly impact employee performance and satisfaction. Mayo’s work emphasized the import ance of creating a supportive work environment t o enhance productivity and employee well-being. Hawthorne Experiment CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Douglas McGregor’s Neo-Classical Theory/Behaviour ApproachTheory X and Theory Y addres sed the contrasting assumptions about employee motivation. Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy and require strict supervision, whil e Theory Y assumes that employees are intrinsicall y motivated and seek responsibility. McGregor’s w ork emphasized the importance of understanding a nd adapting management practices to the diverse needs and expectations of employees. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Modern Theory or Systems Approach The modern theory of management refl ects the complex and dynamic nature of organizations in the contemporary era. It encompasses various approaches such as systems thinking, contingency planning, and quality management to address the challenges of a rapidly changing business environment. Systems thinking recognizes organizations as complex systems composed of interrelated elements. It emphasizes the need to understand and manage CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Modern Theory or Systems Approach Meaning of "System": The word system is derived from the Greek word meaning to bring together or to combine. A system is a set of interconnected and inter-related elements or component parts to achieve certain goals. A system has three significant parts: 1.Every system is goal-oriented and it must have a purpose or objective to be attained. 2.In designing the system we must establish the necessary arrangement of components. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Modern Theory or Systems Approach Systems Approach Applied to an Organization: When systems approach is applied to organization, we have the following features of an organization as an open adaptive system:- 1.It is a sub-system of its broader environment. 2.It is a goal-oriented – people with a purpose. 3.It is a technical subsystem – using knowledge, techniques, equipment and facilities. 4.It is a structural subsystem – people working together on interrelated activities. 5.It is a psychosocial system – people in social relationships. CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Modern Theory or Systems Approach Characteristics of Modern Management Thought: The Systems Approach: An organization as a system has five basic parts - a. Input https://noteslearning.com/system-approach- theory-of-management/ b. Process CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF MANAGEMENT Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages: Modern Theory or Systems Approach Contingency planning acknowledges that no single management approach can be universally applicable. It highlights the importance of adapting management practices to the specific circumstances and challenges faced by organizations. Quality management emphasizes the continuous improvement of organizational processes and products/services. It includes approaches such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma, which focus on FUNCTIONS, ROLES AND SKILLS OF A MANAGER Management is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organized group activity. A central directing and controlling agency are indispensable for a business concern. The productive resources – material, labor, capital etc. are entrusted to the organizing skill, administrative ability and enterprising initiative of the management. What is a Manager? A manager achieves objectives through effi cient and eff ective use of resources. ￭ Effi cient-doing things right