Oral Agents for Diabetes Part 9 PDF

\#\#\# \*\*Slide 61: Incretins and DPP-4 Inhibitors\*\* 1\. \*\*What is the primary role of incretin hormones in glucose regulation?\*\* \- A. Decrease insulin sensitivity \- B. Increase postprandial glucagon secretion \- C. Stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release \- D. Increas...

\#\#\# \*\*Slide 61: Incretins and DPP-4 Inhibitors\*\* 1\. \*\*What is the primary role of incretin hormones in glucose regulation?\*\* \- A. Decrease insulin sensitivity \- B. Increase postprandial glucagon secretion \- C. Stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release \- D. Increase hepatic glucose production \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release【124:16†source】 2\. \*\*Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down GLP-1, thereby reducing its effectiveness in glucose control?\*\* \- A. Amylin \- B. DPP-4 \- C. SGLT-2 \- D. GLUT-4 \*\*Answer:\*\* B. DPP-4【124:16†source】 3\. \*\*Which medication class works by inhibiting DPP-4, leading to prolonged incretin activity?\*\* \- A. SGLT-2 inhibitors \- B. Sulfonylureas \- C. DPP-4 inhibitors \- D. Biguanides \*\*Answer:\*\* C. DPP-4 inhibitors【124:16†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 62: DPP-4 Inhibitors - Mechanism and Use\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following effects is mediated by GLP-1 in response to elevated blood glucose?\*\* \- A. Increased gastrointestinal motility \- B. Decreased insulin secretion \- C. Decreased glucagon secretion \- D. Increased appetite \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Decreased glucagon secretion【124:16†source】 2\. \*\*What is the primary therapeutic effect of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes?\*\* \- A. Enhance glucose reabsorption in the kidneys \- B. Prolong the action of incretins like GLP-1 \- C. Stimulate beta cells directly \- D. Block carbohydrate absorption in the intestines \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Prolong the action of incretins like GLP-1【124:16†source】 3\. \*\*Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Hypoglycemia \- B. Pancreatitis \- C. Hypertension \- D. Severe weight loss \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Pancreatitis【124:16†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 63: DPP-4 Inhibitors - Adverse Effects\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following conditions can be exacerbated by the use of DPP-4 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Chronic liver disease \- B. Congestive heart failure \- C. Hypertension \- D. Hyperthyroidism \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Congestive heart failure【124:16†source】 2\. \*\*What is the typical reduction in HbA1c achieved with DPP-4 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. 0.2-0.4% \- B. 0.5-0.7% \- C. 1.0-1.5% \- D. 2.0-3.0% \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 0.5-0.7%【124:16†source】 3\. \*\*Which of the following is a rare but serious adverse effect associated with DPP-4 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Bone fractures \- B. Acute pancreatitis \- C. Hepatotoxicity \- D. Pulmonary fibrosis \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Acute pancreatitis【124:16†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 64: DPP-4 Inhibitors - Clinical Considerations\*\* 1\. \*\*Which laboratory test should be monitored periodically in patients taking DPP-4 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Liver function tests (LFTs) \- B. Renal function (eGFR) \- C. Serum potassium \- D. Thyroid function tests \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Renal function (eGFR)【124:16†source】 2\. \*\*In which patient population are DPP-4 inhibitors generally contraindicated?\*\* \- A. Patients with severe renal impairment \- B. Patients with Type 1 Diabetes \- C. Pregnant women \- D. Patients with mild hepatic impairment \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Patients with severe renal impairment【124:16†source】 3\. \*\*Which of the following is a clinical pearl when using DPP-4 inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes management?\*\* \- A. Can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other agents \- B. Causes significant weight gain \- C. Increases glucose absorption in the intestines \- D. Should be avoided in all patients with cardiovascular disease \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other agents【124:16†source】