Optimizing Nutrient-Rich Composting PDF 2023-2024

Optimizing Nutrient-Rich Composting: Coffee Ground, Mango Peel, and Saba Banana Peel Blend for Enhanced Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Cultivation A Research Paper Submitted to The Faculty of Senior High School Department Muntinlupa Science H...

Optimizing Nutrient-Rich Composting: Coffee Ground, Mango Peel, and Saba Banana Peel Blend for Enhanced Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Cultivation A Research Paper Submitted to The Faculty of Senior High School Department Muntinlupa Science High School S.Y. 2023-2024 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research II Proponents: Amores, John Anthony B. Balbastre, Mark Angelo D. Bonifacio, Angelo P. Benigno, Antonio Joaquin T. Canlas, Doniel D. Embang, Ralph C. Fabregas, Kyle Jerrick F. Mabansag, James Michael C. Marco, Joaquin Kenneth U. Yangzon, John Matthew P. (RESEARCH ADVISER) Engr. Erickson Chandler Cachuela January 2024  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City APPROVAL SHEET This research paper entitled: “Optimizing Nutrient-Rich Composting: Coffee Ground, Mango Peel, and Saba Banana Peel Blend for Enhanced Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) Cultivation” prepared and submitted by Amores John Anthony B., Balbastre Mark Angelo D., Bonifacio Angelo P., Benigno Antonio Juaquin T., Canlas Doniel D., Embang Ralph C., Fabregas Kyle Jerrick F., Mabansag James Michael C., Marco Joaquin Kenneth U., Yangzon John Matthew P. in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Practical Research II and Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Final Defense. Engr. Erickson Chandler Cachuela Adviser Approved by the Committee on Final Defense with a grade of ______. (INSERT NAME) (INSERT NAME) Panel Chair Member (INSERT NAME) (INSERT NAME) Member Member 2  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers extend their deepest gratitude to the following individuals and organizations who have made this research possible: To Ma'am Gonzales, for her invaluable guidance and consultation throughout the research process. To the NGO workers at the Muntinlupa Demo Farm, for generously lending their location, sharing their expertise on farming techniques, and providing access to essential tools. To Starbucks, Llao Llao, and Max Mango, for their kind provision of ingredients necessary for the research. To the researcher's parents, for their unwavering financial support and encouragement, enabling us to complete this project. And last but not the least, to God, for granting us wisdom, strength, and perseverance in every step of this journey. This research would not have been possible without their collective support. 3  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City ABSTRACT Lettuce is a nutritious vegetable that provides essential nutrients and health benefits. Organic fertilizer is a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers and can also be beneficial for soil health and promotes the use of organic wastes. This study mainly focuses on using waste materials specifically: mango peels, banana peels, and spent coffee grounds as an organic compost to further enhance lettuce cultivation. The researchers started the experimentation by germinating 180 lettuce seedlings and transplanting it 3 weeks after. The researchers then started the creation of the organic fertilizer by gathering the spent coffee grounds and dehydrating the peels (BP and MP) after then grinding it until in turn into a fine powder, 1.37-0.36-3.27 ratio was used for the first fertilizer which is approximately 45g of each variable powderized for and for the second fertilizer a ratio of 1.51-0.34-4.01 ratio that is approximately 125g. After both fertilizers were powderized it was then mixed with 8L of distilled water to dilute the formula. The researchers applied fertilizer twice a week. After 3 weeks the data was gathered using specific measuring equipment. The result of the experiment indicated that both fertilizers were effective and had a significant difference compared to the controlled group. Physical characteristics such as number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter were the parameters that were measured in the experiment. The measurements that determined the effectiveness of the organic compost are the number of leaves the F2 treatment achieved the highest mean of 3.6, followed by F1 with a mean of 3.45, and lastly with the lowest average, the Control with a mean of 2.8, plant height 4  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Keywords: Organic Fertilizer, Organic Wastes, Lettuce Cultivation 5  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................3 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER I............................................................................................................................................. 7 Statement of the Problem.............................................................................................................. 8 Significance of the Study................................................................................................................ 9 Scope and Limitation...................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER II..........................................................................................................................................10 Positive relationship of P and K in Coffee Grounds................................................................. 11 Beneficial factors of Banana peels................................................................................... 12 Banana Peel’s Impact on Soil.......................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER III........................................................................................................................................ 17 Description of Study Site.................................................................................................. 17 Experimental Design........................................................................................................ 18 Gathering of Materials.................................................................................................................. 19 Preparation of Treatments........................................................................................................... 19 Data Gathering Procedure........................................................................................................... 20 Flowchart....................................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER IV........................................................................................................................................ 22 Number of Leaves......................................................................................................................... 22 Plant Height................................................................................................................................... 24 Stem Diameter................................................................................................................. 26 CHAPTER V..........................................................................................................................................28 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 28 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................... 29 Recommendation.......................................................................................................................... 29 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................... 31 APPENDICES.......................................................................................................................................34 APPENDIX A (RAW DATA)..........................................................................................................34 APPENDIX B (PICTURES).......................................................................................................... 35 APPENDIX C................................................................................................................................. 42 6  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Estrosa Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation can usually take at least 1-2 months to be fully matured and be available for harvesting, and this amount of time is in summer days. During cold or rainy seasons, it can take a lot of time to grow lettuce (Lactuca sativa) which is why the cultivators or the farmers that use lettuce as their main source of income are highly affected. Also, lettuce is one of the most in-demand vegetables in the Philippines due to its versatility among different cuisines. There are a lot of beneficial factors for us to consider if we can lessen the time in cultivating lettuce. There are different factors in creating a good fertilizer made with great amount of nutrients that can improve the cultivation time of the lettuce. There are different studies of using coffee grounds as a fertilizer for the cultivation time of lettuce; there is a study in the School of Agriculture – Polytechnic Institute of Bragança that both composted and non-composted coffee grounds have shown a significant effect on lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) growth. Fruit peels are one of the waste-contributing factors not only in the Philippines but in the whole world a study conducted by MDPI shows that fruit waste generates about 25 to 30 per cent of total products, however, it can also be one of the most useful fertilizers for plants, that’s why many farmers use this kind of fertilizer to lessen their expense in buying an organic fertilizer, to be more precise banana peel is one of the most used fruit peel as a fertilizer, however using a banana peel as the main ingredients of the fertilizer may eventually backfire in the lettuce according to Spruce since the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) need enough 7  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City nutrients to eventually cultivate a bit faster if banana peel is the only ingredient it will not get enough nutrients that it needs. In creating this study we want to test if we can balance the three different ingredients in making the fertilizer. By doing this we can also help to lessen the waste that is produced usually by fruit peels, especially the two mentioned fruits. By conducting this study we want to combine the two fruit peels with the coffee grounds that are proven in improving lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) growth. The researchers want to prove that using these 3 ingredients can significantly affect the time of cultivation of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the potential of a fertilizer that consists of a mix of coffee grounds, mango peels, and saba banana peels as a blend for enhanced cultivation of Estrosa Lettuce. Current composting methods often overlook the synergistic effects of specific organic waste combinations, leading to suboptimal nutrient profiles and potentially diminished crop performance. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the growth of lettuce fertilized with varying levels of NPK ratio in terms of: a. Plant Height b. Stem Diameter c. Number of Leaves 8  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City 2. What is the difference in the growth and development of the lettuce with the different treatments? 3. What blend of fertilizer is most effective for lettuce cultivation? Significance of the Study This research on optimizing nutrient-rich composting using coffee grounds, mango peels, and banana peels aims to address the problem of suboptimal composting methods and their impact on lettuce cultivation. Some contributions that this research will provide are practical guidelines for farmers on how to utilize local organic waste effectively, leading to improved lettuce growth and yield. This approach will not only improve agricultural productivity but also contribute to sustainable waste management practices. This research aligns with SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), by improving agricultural productivity, food security through enhanced composting methods, and by promoting sustainable waste management practices through the recycling of organic waste materials. Scope and Limitation This study aims to investigate the effects of organic waste compost to the growth and yield of the lettuce. This will be conducted from August 2024 to November 2024. It will focus primarily on the effects of the organic waste compost blends to the lettuce' plant height, leaf number, and overall biomass yield. While 9  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City excluding the external factors such as weather variations, pest infestations, and disease outbreaks during the study. Scope The scope of this research will encompass a two-month period, from August 2024 to October 2024. The independent variables are the types of organic waste materials used in the compost blend, including coffee grounds, mango peels, and saba banana peels and the dependent variable is the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata), measured through parameters such as plant height, leaf number, and overall biomass yield. A qualitative experimental design will be employed to evaluate different compost treatments. Each treatment will consist of varying ratios of coffee grounds, mango peels, and banana peels Limitations The study has multiple potential limitations that the researchers cannot control which may influence the experiment. The weather is the greatest external factor that may largely influence the research. Sudden changes or prolonged state of the weather such as rain or hot temperatures can negatively affect the experiment. Other factors such as pest infestations and disease outbreaks can potentially confound the results. 10  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Positive relationship of P and K in Coffee Grounds Spent coffee grounds (SCG’s) are food waste produced in large quantities, with an annual generation of 15 million tons. When adding SCG’s to the soil it can enhance its chemical and physical properties, increasing the level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Having these features makes SCG’s an effective solution for various soil types. Pursuing the strategy of using SCGs s fertilizer to reduce wastes rates is considered valuable. In the first approach, SCGs percentage fertilizer was used. This involved mixing specific proportions of SCGs: (1) SCGPF 5=5% (5 parts of SCGs and 95 parts of seed starter potting mix) 10% 90 parts 25% 75 parts. All the above treatments were used after the experiment the following plant parameters were measured. Measured the plant height, weight, and surface area of leaves. Determining the soils pH and EC after that determined the macronutrients and also the bacterial population in the soil samples. The group with SCGPF showed the lowest mean length. The data revealed a positive correlation between SCGPF and bacterial colonies, higher concentration higher colonies, lower concentration lower colonies. One study applied SCGs to the soil of lettuce plants and discovered that chlorophyll content increased up to 37%, while organic Nitrogen only decreased by 4.4%. The study concluded that 10% is the optimum SCG content, as exceeding this amount has shown diminishing effects on soil Nitrogen supply. The cause was 11  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City determined to be the plant roots being unable to absorb Nitrogen found in organic compounds such as proteins and caffeine, attributed by the fact that plant roots are only capable of absorbing mineralized Nitrogen (NO3– or NH4+). There was a clear significant positive relationship between the SCGPF and levels of P and K suggesting that higher concentrations of SCGPF led to increase of macronutrients. Additional research should be conducted on the processing of SCGs to investigate their modification in order to decrease their phytotoxicity. Spent Coffee Grounds (SCGs) are a byproduct of the coffee brewing process. Normally discarded as waste, the research aims to make use of the nutrients present: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. As a result, SCGs have significant potential if converted into organic fertilizer, as these nutrients will improve soil quality. Another positive effect is the natural odor-absorbing attribute of SCG, useful for eliminating unpleasant smells. Lastly, their high energy content allows SCGs to be used as a renewable fuel source. In conclusion, SCGs are a waste product with numerous alternative purposes beyond consumption. (Zekeria Y, 2020) Beneficial factors of Banana peels Eggplant is a type of vegetable plant that can be fried, boiled, sauteing, or consumed in its raw form. Bananas are a tropical fruit in Indonesia, that is why it is very convenient to use, Indonesia’s production of banana is approximately 180.153 tons per year. Banana peels contain high levels of nutrients which are: fat, protein, and carbohydrates. “The banana peel which has been considered as rubbish and 12  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City smelly, apparently contains many chemical elements or compounds that are beneficial to plants.” (Hariyono, Mulyono, I Q Ayunin, 2022). The study of Hariyono et al (2021) can be helpful for figuring out the chemical contents of a banana peel, and how it can help for plant growth. It is noted that the banana peels contain 15% potassium and 2% higher content of phosphorus. It contains P and K which is very beneficial for our plant growth. Organic fertilizer is beneficial to improve agricultural production, for it has P and K. N, P, and K are used for enhancing the growth of the plant; where nitrogen (N) is an essential element in the preparation of amino acids, amides, nucleotides, and nucleoproteins, which are essential for cell division and cell enlargement. Phosphorus (P) is used for stimulating plant cell division and enlarging cell tissue. Potassium (K) has a role in increasing leaf area so that the photosynthesis can work more. A study by Abubakar et. al (2024) wished to use waste materials for their fertilizer to increase plant growth. Banana peels are one such material, yet they contain micronutrients like Potassium (K), it assists in photosynthesis, increases disease resistance, protein building, and overall fruit quality, which is something that many farmers wish to achieve. It is also part of a concentration used in NPK mixtures that are used commercially. Different NPK solutions were able to show different results and the usage of different plants also showed to be crucial in the yield outcome as some needed a higher amount of Potassium (K), Nitrogen (N), or Phosphorus (P). 13  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Banana peels are an abundant natural resource that have significant potential as an organic fertilizer. The process of converting banana peels into organic fertilizer involves drying the banana peels to remove moisture content and cutting them up. Afterwards, the peels are mixed with coffee grounds in a 1:1 ratio. Water is then added to the mixture before fermenting it for 1-2 weeks. The result is an effective and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer which can be used as a sustainable alternative to established, synthetic fertilizers. (Zekeria Y, 2020) Nano NPK Fertilizers are chemical compounds applied to promote plant growth. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers resulted in much serious environmental pollution such as heavy metals accumulation in soil, plant system and underground water contamination. New alternatives such as nano fertilizers are eco-friendly, economic and sustainable for agriculture. Soil application of NPK nano fertilizers has a greater role for agriculture.. in enhancing significant growth and yield. Results showed that the high rate of nano nitrogen(50%) significantly increased the vegetative growth expressed as plant fresh weight, leaf area head fresh weight, head size, firmness, total yield and marketable yield. (A. Helaly et. al, 2021) The study shows the application of nano NPK fertilizer to the growth of lettuce.Varying degrees of NPK concentrations were used and showed different results. These concentrations can be used to base the optimal percentage of concentration for the coffee ground, banana peel, and mango peel fertilizer. 14  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Banana Peel’s Impact on Soil Most common chemical fertilizer is NPK, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, for a substrate to be classified as fertilizer containing a minimum of 5% N, P, or K, known as the primary of macronutrients. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer can cause adverse effects such as global warming, biodiversity loss, and depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. This study focuses on banana peels based fertilizer, This review also aims to give an in-depth overview of the preparation of banana peel based fertilizer due to its high potassium content. The fruit comprises pulp and peel, with the latter accounting for 26-30%. Since banana fruit is consumed largely in different parts of the world, banana peels waste is accumulated into 36 million tons of waste. However these peels contain plethora nutrients that can be used in soil amendment. Recently, banana peel received a considerable recognition in farming as a green organic fertilizer due to its high potassium content and nutrients that are needed by the soil. Banana peels can be dried along with other different peels, the dried peels can be crushed and utilized as a standalone fertilizer. As demonstrated in fig. 2, peels can be used as a fertilizer by drying them into the sun, and mixing them with the soil. As discussed in the introduction, BPs are rich in K, which is favourable for soil enrichment. However, they are deficient in other nutrients, such as P, Ca, and N, which also play a crucial role in plant growth. Using this organic waste as a standalone fertilizer can significantly limit plant growth emanating from deficiencies in soil nutrients. They can also be used with a solvent like water after grinding them, and then mix them into the soil. The peels were cut into smaller pieces, air-dried in sunlight for 20 days, ground, and sieved. The powder extracts were prepared by dissolving 1g, 3 g, and 6 g of BP powder in 15  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City 100 mL, 300mL, and 600mL of distilled water. Banana peels were found to be suitable feedstock of pyrolysis. Their approximate analysis tests showed its low moisture content, indicating less energy would be required to evaporate the excess liquid. A study was conducted on the conversion of BP waste to biochar, a source of plant nutrients. The studies reviewed in this work include different preparation methods for organic fertilizers, namely dried peels, composite peels, ashes, and bichars. It was observed that banana peels-based fertilizers improved the growth and yield of the test crops. 16  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS Description of Study Site This research was held in Demo farm, 999 Buendia St., Barangay Tunasan, City of Muntinlupa. Researchers were granted permission to use the Demo farm by the Department of Agriculture of the City of Muntinlupa. The demo farm was chosen as the primary research site as it is an open area that is exposed to sunlight which is beneficial for our experiment. Additionally, due to it being an open space, there was sufficient space to conduct our experiment. Three plots of land were made to be used for conducting the experiment. Each plot had a measurement of 315 cm x 310 cm, 220 cm x 320 cm, and 170 cm x 338 cm, respectively. Loam soil was mixed with the initial soil to provide adequate living conditions for the lettuce. A total of 180 seedings of Lactuca sativa were planted with a space of 20 cm from each other and distributed equally among the three plots. 17  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Experimental Design The experiment used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replicates. Each replicate had 30 plants, a total of 180 plants were used for the experiment. Research Question Dependent Independent Extraneous Variable Variable Variable What is the effect of Physical NPK Fertilizer weather, the produced NPK Properties of temperature, fertilizer on Lettuce Lettuce humidity, light intensity, micro-organisms Control Group Treatment 1 (F1) Treatment 2 (F2) Description Lettuce grown in Lettuce grown in Lettuce grown in standard soil standard soil with standard soil with without nutrient fertilizer fertilizer solution NPK RATIO No Nutrients given 1.37-0.36-3.27 1.51-0.34-4.01 (45g) (125g) Total Seeds 60 60 60 Seeds / Setup 30 30 30 No. of samples taken 10 10 10 18  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Gathering of Materials Researchers collected discarded mango peels and banana peels from local shops and markets in Muntinlupa City. Likewise, the spent coffee grounds were collected from local coffee shops or cafes that were going to be disposed of as waste. Before the collection of these materials, the researchers asked the permission of the shop owners or employees if they were permitted to take these materials for research purposes. Preparation of Treatments The gathered peels were washed thoroughly to remove any dirt or unwanted particles and any leftover pulp. Then, the peels were cut to small pieces approximately 5 cm by 5 cm. The Saba banana peels were dried at 80℃ for 2 hours (Uebersax & Siddiq, 2020). The mango peels were dried at 80℃ for 1 hour and 30 minutes (Sogi et al., 2013). The dried peels were then grinded to a fine powder using a blender. The mango peel powder and banana peel powder were stored in separate sealed containers. The spent coffee ground was already a fine powder, thus no additional preparations were done and it was stored in a sealed container. 19  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City The experiment used two varying blends of mango peel (MP), banana peel (BP), and spent coffee ground (SCG). For the first blend (F1): 10 grams of BP, 20 grams of MP, and 15 grams of SCG were mixed in 1 liter of water. For the second blend (F2): 40 grams of BP, 15 grams of MP, and 70 grams of SCG were mixed in 1 liter of water. Data Gathering Procedure During the growing phase, 100mL/plant of the assigned blend of fertilizer for each block was applied to each plant twice a week (Shaik et al., 2022). At the end of the growing phase, 10 plants from each replication were measured for each parameter: (1) stem diameter, (2) plant height, and (3) number of leaves. The stem diameter was measured using a caliper. The number of leaves was counted manually per plant. Plant height was measured using a graduated ruler. Statistical Treatment All the data obtained was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. Differences among the treatment means were determined using the Tukey-Kramer Honestly Significant Difference test. 20 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Flowchart 21  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Number of Leaves The F2 treatment achieved the highest mean of 3.6, followed by F1 with a mean of 3.45, and lastly with the lowest average, the Control with a mean of 2.8. Treatments with fertilizers (F1 and F2) had a larger mean compared to the control group. Figure 1 Average Number of Leaves Between the Three Treatments: F1, F2, and the Control Treatment. 22  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Table 1 ANOVA Result and Tukey-Kramer HSD Test for the Number of Leaves ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 7.233333333 2 3.616666667 6.660743134 0.002514341217 3.158842719 Within Groups 30.95 57 0.5429824561 Total 38.18333333 59 TUKEY-KRAMER HSD TEST No. of Leaves Difference CV Significant? F1 vs F2 -0.15 0.5607119992 No F1 vs Control 0.65 0.5607119992 Yes F2 vs Control 0.8 0.5607119992 Yes The resulting P-value from the statistical analysis resulted in 0.0025 which is less than the significance level used, 0.05. This suggests that there is a significant difference between the means of the treatments. To further analyse the data, the researchers conducted a post hoc analysis, Tukey-Kramer HSD Test. In this test, if the difference of the means of the two groups being compared is greater than the critical value, then, there is a significant difference between the two groups, and vice versa. The result of this test suggests that F1 and F2 have a significant difference from the 23  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City control treatment, however, F1 and F2 do not have a significant difference between each other. According to the data gathered, F2 and F1 treatment’s means were 28.6% and 23.2% greater than the control treatment, respectively. Additionally, based on the Tukey-Kramer HSD test, F1 and F2 had a significant difference from the control group which supports the researchers’ observations. However, there is no significant difference between F1 and F2 which is consistent with the results of research conducted by Junior et al. (2023) and Shaik et al. (2022). The researchers from the aforementioned studies observed that organic fertilizers they used had a significant difference from the control treatment, but had similar results between organic fertilizers. Plant Height The F1 treatment achieved the highest mean 9.5 , followed by F2 with a mean of 8.635, and lastly the Control group achieved the lowest average mean of 7.12. The treatments that were applied with fertilizer (F1 and F2) had a larger mean compared to the controlled treatment. Figure 2 Average Plant Height between the Three Treatments: F1, F2, and the Control Treatment. 24  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Table 2 ANOVA Result and Tukey-Kramer HSD Test for the plant height ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 57.40633333 2 28.70316667 10.5606043 0.0001254637344 3.158842719 Within Groups 154.923 57 2.717947368 Total 212.3293333 59 Plant Height Difference CV Significant? F1 vs F2 0.85 1.254490777 No F1 vs Control 2.365 1.254490777 Yes F2 vs Control 30.3 1.254490777 Yes 25  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City The result of the statistical treatment shows that there is a 33.22% increase in plant height using the F1 fertilizer and 21.28% increase in plant height using the F2 fertilizer compared to the control treatment. Additionally, based on the Tukey-Kramer HSD test, F1 and F2 had a significant difference compared to the control group which supports the researchers’ observations. However, there is no significant difference between both fertilizers (F1 and F2) which is consistent with the results of Kuswardina, A., & Abror, M. (2023). Stem Diameter Stem Diameter The F1 treatment achieved the highest mean 3.5, followed by F2 with a mean of 3.3, and lastly the Control group achieved the lowest average mean of 2.55. The treatments that were applied with fertilizer (F1 and F2) had a larger mean compared to the controlled treatment. Figure 3 Average Stem Diameter between the Three Treatments: F1, F2, and the Control Treatment. 26  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Table 3 ANOVA Result and Tukey-Kramer HSD Test for the Stem Diameter ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 10.03333333 2 5.016666667 7.122042341 0.001734172391 3.158842719 Within Groups 40.15 57 0.7043859649 Total 50.18333333 59 Stem Diameter Difference CV Signifcant? F1 vs F2 0.2 0.6386343855 No F1 vs Control 0.95 0.6386343855 Yes F2 vs Control 0.75 0.6386343855 Yes The result of this statistical treatment shows that there is a 37.25% increase in stem diameter using the F1 fertilizer and a 29.41% increase in stem diameter using the F2 fertilizer compared to the control treatment. Additionally, based on the Tukey-Kramer HSD test, F1 and F2 had a significant difference compared to the control group which supports the researchers’ observations. However, there is no significant difference between both fertilizers (F1 and F2) which is consistent with the results of Melek EKİNCİ, Raziye KUL1, Metin TURAN, Ertan YILDIRIM(2020). The 27  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City researchers from the aforementioned study concluded that Fertilizer applications significantly increased stem diameter in lettuce, with CombiPower® (CP) showing the highest value at 11.50 mm. SuperPower® (SP) also improved stem diameter to 11.20 mm, while the control group had a lower measurement of 6.56 mm. Both fertilizers were in the same statistical group, indicating effective enhancement of stem diameter compared to the control. CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 28  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Summary This study investigated the capacity of a nutrient compost mix derived from coffee, mango, and saba banana peels to increase lettuce growth and productivity. In this study, two experimental treatments, F1 and F2, were used and compared with a control treatment in a randomized complete block design to assess the impact of the treatments on plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The results showed that the application of the organic compost blends enhanced the growth of lettuce more than the control. The F1 and F2 treatments were equally effective, with no significant difference between the two, although there were significant improvements in all the parameters measured. The obtained findings indicate that both fertilizer blends can enhance lettuce growth at a similar level. This study also shows the possibility of using organic waste as a source of organic manure instead of synthetic manure. In this regard, the research promotes the use of local organic waste as a fertilizer and thus encourages sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly waste disposal. 29  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Conclusion The results indicate that the organic fertilizer used during this experiment, specifically F1 and F2 had a significant difference compared to the control group. Notably, there was no significant difference in growth between the two treatment groups, suggesting that both compost blends are equally effective. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that optimizing a blend of spent coffee grounds, mango peels, and saba banana peels significantly enhances the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata). The experimentation showed that the experimental groups (F1 and F2) had a significant difference compared to the controlled group, additionally, there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups, implying that the two blends worked equally as effectively. Recommendation The researchers recommend future studies to explore more varieties of blends of banana peel, mango peel, and spent coffee grounds to determine the most optimized blend of these organic wastes that will be beneficial to the cultivation of lettuce. Additionally, the researchers suggest that future researchers conduct their experiment during the summer to avoid complications due to changing weather. Furthermore, add additional parameters to measure such as the chemical composition and nutritional composition of the lettuce and other physical properties of the plant such as leaf area, root length, fresh mass, and dry mass. 30  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City REFERENCES Gayathri, U., & Seran, T. H. (2020). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) yield.33 Jariwala, H., & Syed, H. S. (2016). Study on use of fruit peels powder as a fertilizer. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319329572_Study_on_Use_of_Fruit_ Peels_Powder_as_a_Fertilizer?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR0IzCy2zzsO R84Ff5TF9PSloT3hiMFyuAW7P7Q3cr4O8yiCj7G4LaGlJ6Y_aem_xleUA-IFp-o4u S4ciadofg Ferrari, C. C., Morgano, M. A., & Germer, S. P. M. (2021). Evaluation of water sorption isotherm, glass transistion temperature, vitamin C and color stability of mango peel powder during storage. SN Applied Sciences, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04251-x Kučuk, N., Primožič, M., Kotnik, P., Knez, Ž., & Leitgeb, M. (2024). Mango Peels as an Industrial By-Product: A Sustainable Source of Compounds with Antioxidant, Enzymatic, and Antimicrobial Activity. Foods, 13(4), 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13040553 El-Sayed, I. M., Salama, W. H., & Badr, M. (2024). Nitrogen and spent coffee ground for enhancing nutritional, morphological, flowering and antioxidant properties of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morfolium Ramat). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 207, 108406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108406 Jedličková, Ľ. (2023). Effect of spent coffee grounds and liquid worm fertilizer on the growth and yield of Brassica campestris L. http://acta.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/338 Helaly, A., Ashmawi, A. E., Mohammed, A. A., Abd, M. T. E., & Nofal, A. S. (2021b). Effect of soil application of nano NPK fertilizers on growth, productivity and quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Deleted Journal, 46(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajar.2021.218559 De Bomfim, A. S. C., De Oliveira, D. M., Walling, E., Babin, A., Hersant, G., Vaneeckhaute, C., Dumont, M., & Rodrigue, D. (2022). Spent coffee grounds 31  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City characterization and reuse in composting and soil Amendment. Waste, 1(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/waste1010002 Belmonte, K. D., Calpo, R. a. A., Filipino, A. M. T., & Montales, E. T. S. (n.d.). The Effect of Mango Peel on the Growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Animo Repository. https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/conf_shsrescon/2021/poster_see/3/ Cera, L. B. (2022). Growth and yield performance of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) fertilized with varying levels of compost. International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics, 4(2), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.33122/ijase.v4i2.233 Frasetya, B., Taofik, A., & Nasrulloh, L. (2021). The effectiveness of the application method of liquid organic fertilizer in different concentration on lettuce. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 694(1), 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/694/1/012024 Khanyile, N., Dlamini, N., Masenya, A., Madlala, N. C., & Shezi, S. (2024). Preparation of Biofertilizers from Banana Peels: Their Impact on Soil and Crop Enhancement. Agriculture, 14(11), 1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111894 32  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Shaik, A., Singh, H., Singh, S., Montague, T., & Sanchez, J. (2022). Liquid organic fertilizer effects on growth and biomass of lettuce grown in a Soilless production system. HortScience, 57(3), 447–452. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16334-21 Hariyono, N., Mulyono, N., & Ayunin, I. Q. (2021). Effectiveness of Banana Peel-Based Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application as Potassium Source for Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Growth and Yield. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 752(1), 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/752/1/012022 33  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City APPENDICES APPENDIX A (RAW DATA) No. of Leaves F1 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 F2 3 3 3 3 6 4 4 5 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 Control 3 5 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 Plant Height (cm) F1 9.1 9 10 9.2 10.5 8.7 10 10.3 10 8 10 7.7 9.5 10.3 10.5 9 11 8.9 10 8 F2 9 7.3 7.7 9.5 6 7.1 7.2 7.8 7.5 8.5 12 12 8.1 9 9 8 10 9 8 10 Control 9.6 12 7 7.5 7 8 6.5 7.8 6.5 7.8 6 6 7 5 9.5 2 8.7 9.5 4 5 Stem Diameter (mm) F1 4 3 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 F2 3 3 2 4 4 2 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 Control 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 5 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 34  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City APPENDIX B (PICTURES) Seeds Preparation Preparation of Germination Daily Watering 35 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Calendar of activity 36 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Gathering of Materials 37  Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Preparation of the Plot Transplanting 38 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Preparation of the Fertilizer 39 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City 40 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City Observation Data Gathering 41 Muntinlupa Science High School 999 Buendia Street, Tunasan, Muntinlupa City APPENDIX C 42