Communication PDF

Lesson 1 Definition and Process of Communication Communication ⮚ transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the use of verbal and nonverbal cues ⮚ comes from the Latin word “communis”, which means “...

Lesson 1 Definition and Process of Communication Communication ⮚ transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the use of verbal and nonverbal cues ⮚ comes from the Latin word “communis”, which means “common” ⮚ helps people adapt to or survive in the place they live in ► is giving, receiving or exchanging ideas, information, signals or messages through appropriate media. Enabling individuals or groups to persuade, to seek information, to give information and to express emotions. ► is an act in which person gives or receives from personal information about the person’s needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge or effective states. Nature of Communication 1. Communication is a process. 2. Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver). 3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time. The Process of Communication stimulus - an idea or concept that the sender has and would like to convey sender - encodes the message by putting it into words and then expresses the ideas in proper sequence receiver - accepts and decodes the message; chooses whether to respond feedback - given by the receiver when responding to the message noise - causes breakdown in the communication process; any barrier or hindrance that obstructs the understanding of the message Lesson 2 The Different Types of Communication Verbal Communication use of words or speech in sending messages and transmitting ideas or feelings makes use of language/words easier and faster type of communication most successful form of communication classified into 4 different types. Types of verbal communication ▪ Intrapersonal Communication - a person talks to himself - also known as self-talk, inner dialogue, inner speech, and self-verbalization  - extremely private and restricted to oneself ▪ Interpersonal Communication - happens between two individuals just like in a one-on-one conversation ▪ Small Group Communication - three to five participants in the communication process - allows the participants to participate and converse with each other ▪ Public Communication - fifteen or more people - usually have a single sender and a several receivers Nonverbal Communication act of expressing ideas in ways that do not involve or go beyond using words uses body language, appearance, voice, and environment as nonverbal cues involves symbols, posture, gestures, facial expression, silence and eye contact Types of Nonverbal Communication Proxemics how the space or distance between the sender and the receiver affects their communication includes intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance Kinesics use of body language in communication includes gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions Chronemics refers to the role of time in the communication process Haptics use of touch to convey meaning in a conversation often dependent on culture Paralanguage tone, speed, and volume of a speaker’s voice includes sighs and gasps Written Communication with the use of any writing materials such as pen and paper involves printed form like letters, emails, reports, articles, memos, ad other forms Visual Communication allows communication to be understood faster uses images, designs, icons, emoticons, topography, photography, signs, symbols, maps, colors, posters, and banners Lesson 3 Elements of Communication Participants the communicators can be both senders and receivers sender - transmits the information to the receiver  receiver - decodes the message to formulate a response Context refers to the interrelated conditions that affect the message; these include physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors ✔ Physical context - place, time, environment, and distance between communicators ✔ Social context - relationship of the communicators ✔ Psychological context - moods and feelings of the communicators ✔ Cultural context - beliefs and norms of the participants Message main point of having communication main idea or information that the sender would like to convey to the receiver important for the message to be stated clearly and in a way that is understandable to the receiver Channel means of delivering the message can be a face-to-face conversation, a letter, a phone call, an e-mail, or social media Feedback response of the receiver helps the sender of the message determine whether the message was understood by the receiver if the participants of the conversation continue giving feedback, the flow of communication continues Lesson 4 Models of Communication - conceptual representation that is used to explain the communication process - each model offers a different perspective on the communication process 3 Types of Communication Model Linear communication model presents communication as a one-way activity in which information flows from the sender to the receiver shows only a passive receiver feedback - not a part of the process Different models that follow linear model of communication are:  Interactive communication model shows communication as a two-way activity the sender and the receiver have the same role in the activity: either one comes up with an idea, sends a message, and reacts to it involves feedback includes noise, an element that affects the interpretation of the message mostly used for new media like internet Transactional communication model presents communication as a simultaneous activity senders and receivers - capable of both sending and receiving messages anytime or at the same time feedback - includes nonverbal cues such as gestures, tone 324of voice, or body language takes into account that communicators react to the situation based on their own background diverse perceptions and backgrounds of the communicators influence their response to a particular communication situation Barnlund’s Transactional Model