Nutrients and Metabolism PDF

**Nutrients-** derived from food used by the body \- carry out all normal functions **Nutrients 6 categories** 1. **Water** 2. **Carbohydrates** 3. **lipid** 4. **Protein** 5. **Materials** 6. **Vitamins** **The 1-4 is consumed large vitamins and minerals** **Taurine-** amino...

**Nutrients-** derived from food used by the body \- carry out all normal functions **Nutrients 6 categories** 1. **Water** 2. **Carbohydrates** 3. **lipid** 4. **Protein** 5. **Materials** 6. **Vitamins** **The 1-4 is consumed large vitamins and minerals** **Taurine-** amino acid in cats \- found in meal and fish **Sugar -** Simple carbohydrates \- found in immature vegetables \- monosaccharides and disaccharides **starches-** Complex carbohydrates \- found most in vegetables \- polysaccharides **Cellulose-** polysaccharides found mostly in vegetables **Protein-**Meat **Neutral fats** ** Saturated -**Meat milk **Unsaturated-** oil vegetables **Phospholipids-** plasma membrane in plants and animal ** Steroids-** egg batter and cream **Glucose -** Result breaking large molecules fo carbo **Lipids-** Organic molecules **Lipid 4 categories** 1. **Neutral fats** 2. **Phospholipids** 3. **steroid** 4. **Other lipoid substances** **Neutral fast -** when its solid its called fast and if liquid its oils \- fats are kind of lipid and not all lipid are fats \- also called triacylglycerols **Saturated fatty-** Greatest number of hydrogen atoms **Unsaturated fatty-** fewer hydrogen atoms \- include monounsaturated, polyunsaturated \- contain one or more double bound **Positive balance-** when the body is incoporating more protein into tissue that breaking down to make Energy **Negative Balance-** when protein breakdown exceeds amount of protein **Crude protein-** identifying in pet food **Biologic value -** percentage of absorbable protein **Provitamin -**the beta carotene called **Cell metabolism-** have two categories catabolism and anabolism **Catabolism-** breakdown nutrients into small molecules to produce energy **Anabolism-** stored energy used to assemble new molecules **Catabolic metabolism -** breakdown large molecules into small **Anabolic metabolism -** also called biosynthetic process -uses energy to form ATP **Building blocks-** large molecule that make up carbohydrates **Gastrointestinal tract-** small and also a building block **ATP conversion to ADP -** when terminal bound in ATP molecules is broken **Metabolic pathways -** generate energy needed to keep the body going **Carbohydrates methane -** virtually all living cell including anabolic and catabolic **Aerobic respiration -** when animal breath in cell they are performing vital function **krebs cycle -** a pyruvic acid enters the metabolism \- also known as citric acid cycle **Electron transport system -** final stage of cellular respiration **ATP synthesis-** a biochemistry of glucose **Lipids metabolism-** common type triglyceride or neutral fat **Triglyceride metabolism-** from food digested to glycerol and fatty acid **Protein metabolism-** found in abundance in animals **structural protein-** found in hair , microtubules, collagen **Regulatory proteins-** found insulin and hormones **Contractile proteins-** found in actin myosin and muscle tissue **Transport protein-** found himoglobin and myoglobin **storage protein-** found in egg white **Protective proteins-** in antibodies **Membrane proteins-** cell receptors and membrane transport **Osmoregulators-** albumin and enzymes