NUT 202 Nutritional Deficiencies PDF

INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES NUT 202 DR. OLUYEMISI FOLASIRE Content Outline  Background  Vitamins  Water-soluble vitamins  Fat-soluble vitamins  Micronutrient deficiences  Background  Micronutrients are often referred to as...

INTRODUCTION TO NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES NUT 202 DR. OLUYEMISI FOLASIRE Content Outline  Background  Vitamins  Water-soluble vitamins  Fat-soluble vitamins  Micronutrient deficiences  Background  Micronutrients are often referred to as vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amount  However, their impact on health are critical  Their functions includes, production of enzymes, hormones and support normal growth and development  Micronutrient deficiencies can cause visible and dangerous health conditions as well as significant reduction in energy level, mental clarity and overall capacity  Vitamins  Organic compounds made by plants and animals  Can be divided into water- and fat-soluble  Vitaminsof public health concern are vit. A, folate, vit. B12 and vit. D  Suboptimal consumption over a period of time leads to deficiencies Water-soluble vitamins  Vitamin Bs, C  Each water soluble vitamin has unique role  They are not easily stored in the body as excess are excreted through urine B vitamins are essential in carbohydrate metabolism (B1, B2, B3 Vitamins Functions Sources RDA (adult) B1 (Thiamin) Converts nutrients into Whole grains, 1.1-1.2mg energy meat, fish B2 Energy production, cell Organ meats, 1.1-1.3mg (Riboflavin) function and fat eggs, milk metabolism B3 (Niacin) Drives production of Meat, leafy green 14-16mg energy from food veg, beans B5 Fatty acid synthesis Organ meat, 5mg (Pantothenic mushroom, acid) avocado B6 Helps release sugar from Fish, milk, carrots, 1.3mg (Pyridoxine) stored carbohydrates for potatoes energy and create red blood cells Vitamins Functions Sources RDA (adult) B7 (Biotin) Plays a role in Eggs, almonds, 30mcg metabolism of FA, AA, sweet potatoes and glucose B9 (Folate) Important for proper cell Beef, liver, 400mcg division spinach B12 Red blood cell formation Fish, meat 2.4mcg (Cobalamin and proper nervous ) system and brain function C (Ascorbic Creation of Citrus fruits, bell 75-90mcg acid) neurotransmitters and peppers collagen Fat-soluble vitamins  Vitamins A,D,E,K  Best absorbed when consumed alongside a source of fat  Stored in the liver and fatty tissues for future use Vitami Functions Sources RDA n A Proper vision and organ Retinol (liver, 700-900mcg function dairy, fish), carotenoids (carrot, mango, pawpaw) D Promotes proper Sunlight, fish 600-800 IU immune function, aids oil, milk calcium absorption and bone growth E Assists immune Almonds, 15mg function and acts as an seeds, nuts antioxidant K Required for blood Leafy green 90-120mcg clotting and proper veg, soybeans, bone development pumpkin  Deficiences Folate deficiency Niacin deficiency Vitamin C deficiency Bitot’s spot due to vitamin A deficiency