Nursing Issue Review PDF

# Introduction to Nursing Issues and Political Action ## Week 1: Introduction to Nursing Issues and Political Action ### Chapter 1: Nursing Issues - A Call to Political Action **Framework for Issue Analysis:** 1. **Identify and Articulate the Issue:** - Clearly define the issue and its relev...

# Introduction to Nursing Issues and Political Action ## Week 1: Introduction to Nursing Issues and Political Action ### Chapter 1: Nursing Issues - A Call to Political Action **Framework for Issue Analysis:** 1. **Identify and Articulate the Issue:** - Clearly define the issue and its relevance to nursing. - Consider who is affected and why it matters. 2. **Analyze the Issue:** - **Historical Analysis:** Explore the origin and evolution of the issue. - **Ethical and Legal Analysis:** Apply ethical principles and consider legal implications. - **Social and Cultural Analysis:** Examine societal attitudes and cultural influences. - **Political Analysis:** Identify power structures and stakeholders. - **Critical Feminist Analysis:** Assess gender-related aspects and inequalities. - **Economic Analysis:** Evaluate financial factors and resource allocation. 3. **Identify Barriers to Resolution:** - Limited resources, lack of awareness, power imbalances, resistance to change. 4. **Develop Strategies for Resolution:** - Lobbying, advocacy, education, collaboration with stakeholders, policy development. **Political Action in Nursing:** - Nurses play a crucial role in influencing healthcare policies. - Advocacy for patients and the profession is a form of political action. - Understanding the healthcare system and its challenges is essential. ## Week 2: The Canadian Healthcare System ### Chapter 2: Canadian Healthcare **Canada Health Act - Five Principles:** 1. **Public Administration:** Healthcare insurance plans must be administered by a public authority. 2. **Comprehensiveness:** All medically necessary services must be covered. 3. **Universality:** All insured residents are entitled to the same level of healthcare. 4. **Portability:** Coverage must be maintained when moving within Canada or traveling abroad. 5. **Accessibility:** Reasonable access to healthcare services without financial barriers. **Governance under the British North America Act:** - Division of responsibilities between federal and provincial governments. - Provinces are primarily responsible for delivering healthcare services. **Key Reports:** - **Lalonde Report:** - Introduced the concept of health determinants: biology, lifestyle, environment, and healthcare organization. - Emphasized the importance of prevention and health promotion. - **Romanow Report:** - Examined the sustainability of Canada's healthcare system. - Recommended strengthening the public system, enhancing primary care, and increasing federal funding. **Challenges to the Canadian Healthcare System:** - Aging population leading to increased demand. - Rising costs of healthcare delivery. - Need for improved access and reduction of wait times. - Integration of services and interprofessional collaboration. ## Week 3: Race, Racialization, and Indigenous Health ### Chapter 2: Race and Racialization in Health, Healthcare, and Nursing Education **Concept of Racialization:** - The process of ascribing racial identities to a group, leading to discrimination and social inequalities. - Recognizes that race is a social construct, not a biological fact. **Barriers Experienced by Racialized Students:** - Microaggressions and discrimination in educational settings. - Cultural alienation and lack of representation. - Financial hardships and limited access to resources. - Impact on academic performance and mental health. **Healthcare Consequences for Racialized Peoples:** - Health disparities due to systemic racism. - Underrepresentation in healthcare professions. - Reduced access to culturally competent care. ### Chapter 5: The Legacy of Colonization for the Health and Well-being of Indigenous People **Indian Act:** - Legislation that has controlled many aspects of Indigenous peoples' lives. - Contributed to loss of culture, language, and autonomy. **Indigenous Health Inequities:** - Higher rates of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and reduced life expectancy. - Factors include historical trauma, socioeconomic disparities, and inadequate access to healthcare. **White Privilege:** - Unearned advantages experienced by individuals perceived as white. - Impacts access to opportunities and resources. **Allyship:** - Active support and advocacy for marginalized groups. - Involves listening, learning, and taking action to address inequalities. **Traditional Indigenous Health Belief Systems:** - Holistic approach to health encompassing physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. - Importance of community, connection to land, and cultural practices. ## Week 4: Professional Associations and Regulation ### Chapter 8: Canadian Provincial and Territorial Professional Associations **Concept of Self-Regulation:** - The nursing profession's authority to regulate its members through a governing body. - Ensures standards of practice, competence, and ethics are maintained. **Mandate for Regulatory Colleges and Professional Associations:** - Protect the public by ensuring safe and competent nursing care. - Establish and enforce standards of practice and professional conduct. - Provide guidance and support to nurses. **Nursing Legislation:** - Laws that define the scope of nursing practice and regulatory framework. - Varies by province and territory. **CNO Quality Assurance Program:** - Continuous learning and competence through self-assessment, practice reflection, and professional development. - Mandatory for all practicing nurses in Ontario. ## Week 5: Unions and Workplace Safety ### Chapter 9: Canadian Federation of Nurses' Unions – Standing for Workplace Safety **Historical Influences Leading to Unionization:** - Poor working conditions, long hours, low wages, and lack of professional recognition. - Desire for improved patient care and professional autonomy. **Definition of Collective Bargaining:** - The process by which unions negotiate with employers on behalf of their members. - Aims to secure fair wages, benefits, and working conditions. **Purpose of Collective Bargaining:** - Protect nurses' rights and interests. - Advocate for safe staffing levels and workplace safety. - Enhance job security and professional development opportunities. ## Week 6: Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing ### Chapter 21: Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing **Definitions:** - **Ethics:** The study of moral principles guiding behavior. - **Morality:** Beliefs about right and wrong conduct. - **Moral Distress:** Occurs when nurses know the ethically appropriate action but cannot act due to constraints. - **Bioethical Dilemmas:** Complex situations involving conflicting moral principles in healthcare. **Levels of Moral Response:** 0. **Expressive Level:** Immediate, emotional reactions without reflection. 1. **Pre-reflective Level:** Responses based on societal norms and rules. 2. **Reflective Level:** Thoughtful consideration of ethical principles and consequences. **Ethical Principles:** - **Beneficence:** Promote good and act in the best interest of the patient. - **Non-maleficence:** Do no harm. - **Justice:** Fair and equitable treatment of all patients. - **Autonomy:** Respect for the patient's right to make informed decisions. **Code of Ethics:** - Provides a framework for ethical nursing practice. - Guides nurses in decision-making and professional conduct. **Negligence and Liability:** - **Negligence:** Failure to provide the standard of care resulting in harm. - **Liability:** Legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions. ## Week 7: Issues Arising from Nurses' Work and Work Environments ### Chapters 18 and 19: Issues Arising from the Nature of Nurses' Work and Nursing Shortage **Nurses' Workload:** - Increased patient acuity and complexity. - Staffing shortages leading to excessive workloads. - Impact on patient safety and quality of care. **Workplace Bullying:** - Also known as horizontal violence. - Includes behaviors like excessive criticism, exclusion, and undermining. - Affects job satisfaction, mental health, and retention. **Nursing Shortage:** **Historical Analysis:** - Fluctuations due to economic conditions, funding cuts, and policy changes. - Aging workforce and insufficient new graduates. **Barriers to Resolution:** - Inadequate working conditions, lack of support, burnout. - Need for better workforce planning and retention strategies. ## Week 8: Interpersonal Violence and Abuse ### Chapter 26: Interpersonal Violence and Abuse – Ending the Silence **Impact on Healthcare System:** - Increased demand for medical and support services. - Emotional toll on healthcare providers. - Financial costs related to treatment and prevention programs. **Barriers to Resolution:** - Underreporting due to fear, stigma, and lack of resources. - Societal norms that minimize or normalize abuse. **Abuse and Neglect of Older Canadians:** - Physical, emotional, financial abuse, and neglect. - Risk factors include isolation, dependency, and caregiver stress. **Violence Against Indigenous People:** - Higher rates of violence due to historical and systemic factors. - Importance of culturally sensitive approaches and reconciliation efforts. **Violence in the Workplace:** - Nurses face higher rates of workplace violence than other professions. - Includes physical assaults and verbal abuse from patients or colleagues. - Emphasis on safety protocols and supportive environments. ## Week 9: Gendered Nature of Nursing ### Chapters 16 and 23: The Gendered Nature of Nursing and Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity **Gender as Socially Constructed:** - Roles and expectations based on societal norms. - Nursing historically viewed as a feminine profession. - Impact on professional identity and opportunities. **Identifying Barriers:** - Stereotypes and biases affecting career advancement. - Underrepresentation of men in nursing. - Discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation. **Historical Analysis:** - Evolution of nursing roles and gender dynamics. - Shifts towards greater diversity and inclusion. **Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses:** - Advocate for equity and justice. - Provide culturally competent and inclusive care. - Uphold patients' rights regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation. ## Week 10: Contemporary Nursing Leadership ### Chapter 15: Contemporary Nursing Leadership **Introduction:** - Leadership is essential for advancing the nursing profession and improving healthcare outcomes. - Nurses at all levels can demonstrate leadership qualities. **Political Analysis:** - Understanding the influence of policies on nursing practice. - Engaging in advocacy and policy development. **CNA Code of Ethics Regarding Clients:** - Emphasizes respect, dignity, and confidentiality. - Nurses must advocate for patients' rights and access to care. **Complexity Theory:** - Healthcare systems are complex and dynamic. - Leaders must be adaptable and innovative. - Encourages collaborative and interprofessional approaches. ## Week 11: Interprofessional Practice ### Chapter 17: Interprofessional Practice **Nurses' Role with Unregulated Care Providers:** - Delegation and supervision responsibilities. - Ensuring competence and safety in patient care. **Principles and Factors for Successful Collaboration:** - Communication, mutual respect, shared goals. - Understanding each profession's roles and contributions. **Social and Cultural Analysis:** - Recognizing the impact of diversity on team dynamics. - Addressing cultural barriers to collaboration. **Critical Feminist Analysis:** - Examining power imbalances within healthcare teams. - Advocating for equitable participation and leadership opportunities. ## Week 12: Healthcare for an Aging Population ### Chapter 22: Healthcare for an Aging Population **Functional Age:** - Focuses on individuals' abilities rather than chronological age. - Important for personalized care planning. **Appreciating Diversity in Aging and Health:** - Recognizing variations in health status, culture, and preferences. - Avoiding ageism and stereotypes. **Health Issues:** - Common conditions include chronic diseases, mobility issues, cognitive decline. - Importance of prevention, early detection, and management. **Healthy Aging:** - Promoting physical activity, nutrition, social engagement. - Supporting independence and quality of life. ## Week 13: Environmental Issues and Career Planning ### Chapter 24: Environment – An Issue for Nurses **Introduction:** - Environmental factors significantly impact health. - Nurses have a role in advocating for environmental health. **Climate Change and Global Warming:** - Health consequences include heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues, spread of infectious diseases. - Importance of sustainability practices in healthcare. **Inside Environments:** - Ensuring safe and healthy indoor settings. - Addressing issues like air quality, hazardous materials, and ergonomic hazards. **Career Planning:** **Donner-Wheeler Career Planning and Development Model:** 1. **Scanning:** Assessing the current environment and opportunities. 2. **Self-Assessment:** Reflecting on strengths, values, and interests. 3. **Visioning:** Defining career goals and aspirations. 4. **Planning:** Developing a strategic plan to achieve goals. 5. **Marketing:** Promoting oneself through networking and showcasing competencies. **Job Interview Strategies:** - Research the organization and role. - Prepare responses to common interview questions. - Highlight relevant experiences and skills. - Practice professional communication and body language. **Additional Study Tips:** - **Review Key Terms and Concepts:** Make flashcards for important definitions and principles. - **Understand Ethical Scenarios:** Practice applying ethical principles to case studies. - **Stay Updated on Current Issues:** Read recent articles on nursing challenges and healthcare trends. - **Engage in Discussions:** Participate in study groups to deepen understanding.