Nursing Informatics Prelim 2025 (1st) PDF

NURSING INFORMATICS R O S E C H E L L E S. E L A R C O , R M T, R N , M A N 1  OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students will be able to: ❖Define Nursing Informatics ❖Describe the components of health care informatics ❖...

NURSING INFORMATICS R O S E C H E L L E S. E L A R C O , R M T, R N , M A N 1  OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture the students will be able to: ❖Define Nursing Informatics ❖Describe the components of health care informatics ❖ Explain the benefits of computers to nursing 2 3 4 WHEN WAS THE BEGINNING OF NURSING INFORMATICS? History of Nursing Informatics 1950 Pioneering hospitals made use of computers in feasibility studies to computerize their information system that includes non-clinical and clinical areas  History of Nursing Informatics Karl Steinbuch a German computer scientist first coined NI as “Informatik” in 1957. In 1962, Phillippe Dreyfus used the term “Informatique” which means to refer to the computer milieu ( Saba, 2011) and further translated into Informatics by Walter F Bauer. 7 In 1980, Scholes and Barber applied this new term to the art and science of nursing, coining the term, “nursing informatics”. - Introduction of Nursing Information System Integrate nursing processes and documentation into electronic formats. Nursing Informatics as the application of computer technology to all fields of nursing. ▪Nursing services ▪Nurse education ▪Nursing research Nursing informatics became an official subdivision of healthcare informatics 8  History of Nursing Informatics 1960- Early Computerization in Health Care Automating accounting and business function 1963 - Mary Anne Bitzers wrote a simulation program on obstetric nursing, an output of her master’s thesis that showed marked improvement of learning and retention of the material by students History of Nursing Informatics 1970 many projects were done regarding use of computers in nursing especially in the area of nursing care Development and installation of health care information system ◦ Order entries ◦ Nursing care plans ◦ Nurse acuity ◦ Nurse staffing No formal definition of nursing informatics  History of Nursing Informatics Capital Area Roundtable on Informatics in Nursing (CARING) - group of nurses focused on the advancement of information technology in healthcare. 1985 NI as discipline of applying computer science to nursing processes by Marion Ball and Kathryn Hannah use of information technologies in relation to those functions within the purview of nursing that are carried out by nurses when performing their duties.  History of Nursing Informatics 1986 primary information model by Blum; useful in grouping medical applications according to objects they process. 1989 Judith Graves & Shiela Corcoran: NI - combination of computer, information and nursing sciences designed to assist in management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support practice of nursing and delivery of nursing care The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) recognized nursing as essential to the further development of healthcare informatics and formed the IMIA/NI-SIG, Nursing Informatics Special Interest Group in 1982. In 1989, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) began working on the development of a standardized nursing informatics language. Then the American Nursing Association (ANA) named nursing informatics as a specialty in 1992 and issued the first credentialing exam in 1995. In Canada, the National Nursing Informatics Project was initiated by the Canadian Nursing Association (CNA) in 1998. It began identifying the defining characteristics of nursing informatics. 13  History of Nursing Informatics 1994 ANA (American Nurse Association) recognized NI as a specialty NI as a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science in identifying, collecting, processing and managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education and research and expansion of nursing knowledge  History of Nursing Informatics 1992: Formation of the American Nursing Informatics Association (ANIA) ANIA was established to promote the field of nursing informatics, provide education and networking opportunities for professionals, and contribute to the development of standards and best practices.  History of Nursing Informatics 1998: The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Nursing Informatics Workgroup HIMSS formed a Nursing Informatics Workgroup to address the specific needs and challenges faced by nurses in the adoption and use of information technology in healthcare.  History of Nursing Informatics 2000s: Integration of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) The widespread adoption of EHRs became a major focus in healthcare. Nurses increasingly became involved in the design and implementation of EHR systems to ensure that they met the unique needs of nursing practice. The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) has significantly influenced nursing practice. In 2002, Staggers and Bagley-Thompson published a thorough review of the evolution of these terms, and categorized the definitions into three themes: information technology oriented; conceptually oriented; and role oriented. 18 The goal of NI is to improve the health of population, communities , families and individuals by optimizing information management and communication. It supports all areas of nursing including but not limited to: - Direct provision of care -Establishing effective administrative systems -Designing useful decision support system -Managing and delivering educational experiences -Enhancing supporting life-long learning and nursing research 19 20 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ORIENTED Nursing informatics as “the use of information technology in relation to any of the functions which are within the purview of nursing and which are carried out by nurses. Any use of information technology by nurses in relation to the care of patients, or the educational preparation of individuals to practice in the discipline is considered nursing informatics“ Kathryn Hannah ( 1985) 21 CONCEPTUALLY ORIENTED “Nursing informatics is a combination of computer science, information science, and nursing science designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information, and knowledge, to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care”. Graves and Corcoran (1989 ) 22 ROLE ORIENTED In 1994, the American Nursing Association (ANA) refined a nursing informatics definition to encompass this new role, stating that: “"Nursing informatics is the specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science in identifying, collecting, processing, and managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education, research and the expansion of nursing knowledge 23 24 25 ADOPTION OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES Adoption of health information systems and electronic health records (EHRs) has been a gradual process. Healthcare institutions, including hospitals and clinics, have been implementing technology to improve patient care, and this would include aspects relevant to nursing informatics. EDUCATION AND TRAINING Nursing informatics education and training programs have likely become more prevalent. Nursing schools and institutions may have integrated courses or modules focusing on healthcare information technology and its applications in nursing practice. 26  Government Initiatives The Philippine government, through the Department of Health (DOH) and other relevant agencies, have introduced initiatives or guidelines to promote the use of health informatics in nursing and healthcare settings. This could include policies related to EHR implementation and data standards. Professional Organizations Nursing organizations in the Philippines may have recognized the importance of nursing informatics. These organizations could have played a role in advocating for the integration of informatics into nursing practice, offering training opportunities, and supporting networking among professionals in this field. 27 28 29  Core Competencies The Entry Level Nurse: Knows how to use nursing specific software such as computerized documentation; use of patient care technology and information management for patient safety. The Experienced Nurse: Skilled in information management and computer technology to sustain their specific area of practice includes making judgments based on trends of data in addition to collaboration with the informatics nurses in the development of systems. The Informatics Nurse Specialist (INS): Has advanced informatics preparation at the graduate level and assists the practicing nurse in meeting his needs for information. Has advanced informatics preparation and possesses skills for conducting informatics research along with theory development. 30  NURSING INFORMATICS To promote the health of people, families and communities worldwide Established and growing To manage and area of specialization Communicate data Empowering all healthcare practitioners in achieving PATIENT CENTERED CARE American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), 31 “Nursing Informatics science and practice integrates nursing, its information and knowledge and their management, with information and communication technologies to promote the health of people, families and communities worldwide” American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), 32 Nursing informatics as a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data, information knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice. Health Information and Management System Society (HIMSS) 33 NURSING INFORMATICS ❑It promotes the generation, management and processing of relevant data in order to use information and develop knowledge that supports nursing in all practice domains (Hebert, 2000) 34 NURSING INFORMATICS ❖Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support clients, nurses, and other providers in their decision- making in all roles and settings." (Staggers & Bagley-Thompson, 2002). 35  Goals of Nursing Informatics: To improve the health of population, communities, families and individuals by optimizing information management and communication (improve patient care) It supports consumers, patients, nurses, and other providers in their decision- making in all roles and settings. (Solve problems in the nursing workplace) This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology.(Produce globally-competitive nurses) 36  HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS OR HEALTH INFORMATICS -is a multidisciplinary field that uses information technology to organize, analyze, and manage health information to improve healthcare outcomes. is the practice of acquiring, studying and managing health data and applying medical concepts in conjunction with health information technology systems to help clinicians provide better healthcare 37  Components of Healthcare Informatics Computer science: development, configuration, architecture of computer hardware and software. Healthcare science: body of knowledge on which healthcare profession bases their practice. The sciences of anatomy, physiology and knowledge specific to each profession. Information science: also includes information technology which involves the process of sending and receiving information. Cognitive science: the process of human thinking, understanding and remembering. 38 39 Health Information Exchange (HIE)- allows healthcare professionals and patients to access and share electronic health information securely. It enhances interoperability by connecting different healthcare systems, enabling the seamless exchange of patient data across various healthcare providers and organizations. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)- EHRs are digital versions of patients' paper charts. They contain a patient's medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory test results. EHRs facilitate real-time information sharing among healthcare providers, improving the continuity and coordination of care. 40 Telehealth and Telemedicine Telehealth refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health, and health administration. Telemedicine involves the delivery of healthcare services remotely, often through videoconferencing, to improve access to care. Mobile Health (mHealth) mHealth involves the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, for healthcare purposes. It includes applications for patient education, remote monitoring, medication adherence, and communication between patients and healthcare providers. 41 42 BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTER 45 Origin of health care Informatics Increase knowledge Treatment become better but fractionalized Discovery of more diseases and extension of life expectancy Difficult to merge the data Lack of channel to make data useful information or knowledge Nightingale emphasized documenting health  Nurses’ problems in workplace ❑Documentation Eats up 30 to 60 percent of work time ❑Turnaround time too long ❑Accuracy of processes Medication errors Labeling errors ❑Communication ▪between members of the healthcare team not efficient  Documentation Paper-based Paperless Paper-basedVaries&withpaperless Orders documentation different physicians and Standard terminology and form for care team, ambiguity common all disciplines of care Vital signs and charting Data entry and graphing done Entered regularly, automatic manually, color coded graphing, synchronized recording Kardex Record not legal and not saved in Viewed electronically as a summary patient record of patient data Worklist Written in individual treatment forms By-product of orders and plans of and medication forms for each care, easily generated as individual patient or group of patients  Documentation Paper-based Paperless Paper-basedRecorded Results & paperless documentation in individual forms from Saved in the EHR database, text and each department graphics displayed on demand Clinical documentation Progress, assessment, nurses Entered on templates, checklists, flow notes on individual sheets, as sheets, narratives minimized narrative Discharge summary Sent to medical records with other Updated demographic and clinical records; discarded after 5 years. data permanently integrated in EHR Outcome variance Not readily present in charts, Direct insights on promptness and analysis of time data required timeliness of treatment & interven-tion, improves quality of care IMPORTANCE OF NURSING INFORMATICS IN HEALTH CARE NURSING INFORMATICS leverage evidence – based clinical best practices Most clinicians want to apply their knowledge and experience to improve patient care. 1. researching clinical nursing practice outside of their own experiences 2. Finding evidence to improve which clinical practices are best. 3. Influencing the design of clinical systems to support and promote the best evidence based practices and workflow 4. Training other nurses to use clinical IT systems ADVANTAGES OF NURSING INFORMATICS Improved access to information Error reduction and improved communications Decreased redundancy of data entry Convenience Decreased time spent in medication administration and documentation Increased time for client care Facilitation of data collection and research Improved quality of documentation Improved compliance with regulatory requirements Improved record security Improved quality of care and patient satisfaction Decreased administrative costs for location and maintenance of client record Creation of lifetime clinical records facilitated by information systems. 52 DISADVANTAGES OF NURSING INFORMATICS Decrease communication and socialization between nurse and patient Increased costs to start, maintain, train, and upgrade Computer literacy required Confidentiality, privacy, and security are difficult to guarantee A complex conceptual design process The need for multiple external databases The need to hire database-related employees A more complex programming environment Potentially catastrophic program failures A longer running time for individual applications 53