Nursing CS Comparison Of Short-Acting & Long-Acting Asthma Medications PDF

COMPARISON OF SHORT-ACTING AND LONG-ACTING ASTHMA MEDICATIONS Inflammation & Bronchoconstriction Air trapped in alveoli Relaxed smooth muscles Wall inflamed and thickened Asthmatic airway Rescue: for acute exacerbations Tightened smooth muscles Astmatic airway during attack Asthma is characterized by...

COMPARISON OF SHORT-ACTING AND LONG-ACTING ASTHMA MEDICATIONS Inflammation & Bronchoconstriction Air trapped in alveoli Relaxed smooth muscles Wall inflamed and thickened Asthmatic airway Rescue: for acute exacerbations Tightened smooth muscles Astmatic airway during attack Asthma is characterized by two airway alterations: inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Asthma medications reverse or inhibit these alterations in order to open the airway and reduce asthma symptoms. Maintenance: long-term therapy to reduce inflammation and prevent exacerbations Antileukotreine modifiers Class Mechanism of action Activate beta-2 receptors in lungs; rapid bronchodilation Suppress Block Activate beta-2 inflammatory receptors in lungs; inflammatory sustained smooth response pathways effects of leukotreines muscle relaxation Onset/ duration of action Quick onset of action, duration of action ~ 4 hours Slower onset of action, longer duration ~ 12 hours May take several days to weeks to note improvement Albuterol Levalbuterol Arformoterol Formoterol Indacaterol Salmeterol Inhaled Inhaled Medication names Route Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) Inhaled glucocorticoids Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) Mast cell stabilizers IgE antagonists Prevent mast cell breaking down Inhibit IgE activation of mast cells May take several weeks to note benefit May take 2 days–2 weeks to note benefit 7–8 days from start of injections to clinical benefit Beclomethasone Budesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone Montelukast Zafirlukast Zileuton Cromolyn Omalizumab Inhaled Oral Inhaled Subcutaneous Client Education Rescue vs maintenance Proper administration Signs of uncontrolled asthma Explain the action of each medication in the treatment plan, the difference between short- and long-acting medications, and when to use each. Demonstrate use of the client’s inhaled medication device, including spacer use if indicated. Verify understanding through teach-back method. Adjustments to the treatment plan may be needed if symptoms are not controlled. Educate clients to report: More than two exacerbations per week Increased use of rescue inhaler Frequent nighttime awakening NOTES www.lecturio.com/nursing Watch Video