NURS 126 Concept Review Exam 2 PDF

**NURS 126 Concept Review- Exam 2** **💡 Adrenergic Drugs: Sympathetic Superpowers** - **What They Do**: Mimic the **Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)**. - 🚑 **Epinephrine**: Opens bronchi and increases blood pressure for life-saving interventions during anaphylaxis. - 💓 *...

**NURS 126 Concept Review- Exam 2** **💡 Adrenergic Drugs: Sympathetic Superpowers** - **What They Do**: Mimic the **Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)**. - 🚑 **Epinephrine**: Opens bronchi and increases blood pressure for life-saving interventions during anaphylaxis. - 💓 **Dopamine**: Enhances **cardiac output** for shock management by improving heart rate and circulation. - **Key Receptors**: - 🫁 **Beta2-Adrenergic Receptors**: Cause **bronchodilation**, essential in asthma treatments. - 🫀 **Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors**: Found in the heart, impacting rate and strength of contractions. - **Patient Teaching**: - ❌ Do not stop **beta-blockers** (e.g., Atenolol) abruptly to avoid rebound hypertension. - ✅ Monitor your **pulse and blood pressure** regularly. - 🩸 Be aware of hidden **hypoglycemia** symptoms when using beta-blockers. **🌿 Anticholinergic Drugs: PNS Blockers** - **How They Work**: Block the **Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)** to reduce secretions and slow systems. - 🌡️ **Glycopyrrolate**: Used pre-surgery to decrease oral and GI secretions. - 🚽 **Oxybutynin**: Decreases urinary frequency and helps with bladder control. - **Watch Out For**: - 💧 **Dry mouth** - 👀 **Blurred vision** - 🍽️ **Constipation** - 🚰 Prevent dehydration with fiber-rich foods and plenty of water. - **Special Notes for Active Seniors**: - ⛳ Stay cool to prevent **heat stroke** when outdoors due to reduced sweating. **🧠 Cholinergic Drugs: Boosting Acetylcholine** - **Key Roles**: Stimulate the **PNS** by increasing acetylcholine levels. - 🧓 **Donepezil**: Improves memory in **Alzheimer's patients** but is not a cure. - 💊 **Bethanechol**: Eases **urinary retention** after surgery. - **Contraindications**: - ❌ Avoid in cases of **GI obstruction**, **Bradycardia**, or **Hypotension**. - **Teaching Tip**: - 🥗 Take **bethanechol** with meals to reduce nausea and vomiting. **Disease-Specific Drug Applications** - **Heart Conditions**: - 💓 **Carvedilol**: Treats mild **heart failure**. - 🚩 Look for signs of worsening heart failure: weight gain, edema, and shortness of breath. - **Respiratory Management**: - 💨 **Albuterol**: Helps during acute asthma attacks but may cause **tachycardia**. - 🛑 **Salmeterol**: Prevents, but does not treat, sudden asthma symptoms. - **Neurological Focus**: - 🧠 **Memantine**: Used for **Alzheimer's Disease** to manage symptoms. - 🍴 **Pyridostigmine**: Improves swallowing in **Myasthenia Gravis** when taken 30 minutes before meals. **📏 Clinical Scenarios** - 💉 **Phentolamine**: Prevents tissue damage from vasopressors like dobutamine. - 🚨 **Physostigmine**: Antidote for **atropine overdose**. **🌟 Patient Education Essentials** - **Safety Precautions**: - 🩹 Notify a doctor if your pulse drops below **60 bpm** while on beta-blockers. - ☀️ Avoid overheating when taking anticholinergics---stay hydrated! - **Timing Is Everything**: - 🎯 Apply **Scopolamine Patch** 4--5 hours before travel for motion sickness. - 🕑 Schedule **Cholinergic Drugs** carefully to align with meals for best effects. - **Herbal Awareness**: - 🌿 **Ginkgo biloba** increases bleeding risk when combined with aspirin.