NUR 730 Exam 4 Part 3 PDF
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This document provides an overview of various spinal cord syndromes, including complete transection, Brown-Sequard syndrome, anterior cord syndrome, posterior cord syndrome, central cord syndrome, conus medullaris syndrome, and cauda equina syndrome. It details the causes, symptoms, and characteristics of each syndrome, emphasizing the impact on sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. It also mentions associated complications and diagnostic considerations.
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730 Exam 4 Part 3 Spinal Cord Syndromes - "usually caused by external things: trauma, tumor, etc" ➔ Complete transection - "permanent loss of central sensory, motor, and autonomic functions" ◆ Entire spinal cord affected ◆ Complete loss of sensation & paralysis ↓level of injury ◆ Irreversible d...
730 Exam 4 Part 3 Spinal Cord Syndromes - "usually caused by external things: trauma, tumor, etc" ➔ Complete transection - "permanent loss of central sensory, motor, and autonomic functions" ◆ Entire spinal cord affected ◆ Complete loss of sensation & paralysis ↓level of injury ◆ Irreversible deficits due to neuronal death & failure of axons to regenerate ◆ Upregulation of proteoglycans, lack of neurotrophic factors, and glial scar inhibit axonal regeneration ➔ Brown Sequard (hemicord) ◆ Ipsilateral loss of vibration, light touch, motor ◆ Contralateral loss of pain and temperature ◆ Incomplete - "caution with medication choices" ➔ Anterior Cord Syndrome ◆ Causes - flexion injury, vascular injury, atherosclerotic disease Secondary cause - aortic cross clamp ◆ Affects anterior 2/3 of the cord ◆ Motor paralysis - bilateral - below the level of the lesion ◆ Paraplegia or quadriplegia - "depends on level of injury" ◆ Loss of pain and temperature- at/below lesion ◆ Problems autonomic dysfunction- ↓ BP, neurogenic bowel & bladder ("could be retention or incontinence"), sexual dysfunction ◆ Preserved function of the posterior column ◆ Intact proprioception and vibration sense, 2 -point discrimination & light touch ➔ Posterior Cord Syndrome ◆ ◆ \*\*Motor function is preserved\*\* ➔ Central Cord Syndrome ◆ Incomplete injury ◆ Sensory and motor deficit ◆ Upper extremities more affected than lower ◆ Hyperextension injury ◆ Seen more often in older adults with degenerative cervical spine conditions ◆ Careful use with muscle relaxants, sedation ◆ Small lesions Loss of pain and temperature occurs at the level of the lesion ◆ Large lesions Loss of vibration, position sense, pain, temperature, and motor Motor impairment of upper \> lower extremities ➔ Conus Medullaris Syndrome ◆ Symptoms ◆ Back pain ◆ Unilateral or bilateral leg pain ◆ Bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction ◆ ↓rectal tone ◆ Perianal sensory loss ◆ Lower extremity muscle spasticity - specifically S1-S5 myotome areas ➔ Cauda Equina Syndrome ◆ Compression of nerve roots ↓ the conus ◆ Saddle anesthesia ◆ Bladder & bowel dysfunction - "usually bladder retention and bowel incontinence" ◆ Back pain, sciatica, leg weakness
