Spinal Cord Syndromes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of complete transection of the spinal cord?

  • Trauma or tumor (correct)
  • Infection
  • Vascular injury
  • Degenerative cervical spine conditions
  • In Brown Sequard Syndrome, which sensory loss occurs contralaterally?

  • Light touch
  • Pain and temperature (correct)
  • Proprioception
  • Vibration
  • Which syndrome is most likely to result from a hyperextension injury in older adults?

  • Central Cord Syndrome (correct)
  • Brown Sequard Syndrome
  • Anterior Cord Syndrome
  • Cauda Equina Syndrome
  • What is a preserved function in Anterior Cord Syndrome?

    <p>Proprioception and vibration sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are associated with Conus Medullaris Syndrome?

    <p>Back pain and bowel dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes posterior cord syndrome from other spinal cord syndromes?

    <p>Preserved motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cauda Equina Syndrome is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Saddle anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common initial symptom of Anterior Cord Syndrome?

    <p>Bilateral motor paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily prevents axonal regeneration following complete transection of the spinal cord?

    <p>Upregulation of proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Central Cord Syndrome, what is the primary characteristic of sensory and motor deficits?

    <p>Upper extremities more affected than lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by both unilateral leg pain and potential loss of rectal tone?

    <p>Cauda Equina Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of injury is typically associated with Anterior Cord Syndrome?

    <p>Flexion injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which syndrome does motor function remain preserved despite sensory and autonomic losses?

    <p>Posterior Cord Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely autonomic dysfunction symptom resulting from Anterior Cord Syndrome?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following distinguishes Conus Medullaris Syndrome from other spinal cord syndromes?

    <p>Presence of saddle anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the sensory loss pattern in Brown Sequard Syndrome?

    <p>Ipsilateral loss of vibration and contralateral loss of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spinal Cord Syndromes

    • Caused by external events such as trauma or tumors

    Complete Transection

    • Permanent loss of central sensation, motor, and autonomic functions
    • Entire spinal cord affected
    • Complete loss of sensation and paralysis below the level of injury
    • Irreversible deficits due to neuronal death and axonal failure to regenerate
    • Upregulation of proteoglycans, lack of neurotrophic factors, and glial scarring inhibit axonal regeneration

    Brown-Sequard Syndrome (Hemicord)

    • Ipsilateral loss of vibration, light touch, and motor function
    • Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
    • Incomplete injury leading to medication choice concerns

    Anterior Cord Syndrome

    • Caused by flexion injury, vascular injury, atherosclerotic disease, or aortic cross clamp
    • Affects the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
    • Bilateral motor paralysis below the level of the lesion
    • Results in paraplegia or quadriplegia, depending on the level of injury
    • Loss of pain and temperature sensation at and below the lesion
    • Autonomic dysfunction may occur including decreased blood pressure, neurogenic bowel and bladder issues (retention or incontinence), and sexual dysfunction
    • Preserves posterior column function including intact proprioception, vibration sense, two-point discrimination, and light touch

    Posterior Cord Syndrome

    • Motor function is preserved

    Central Cord Syndrome

    • Incomplete injury
    • Sensory and motor deficits
    • Upper extremities are more affected than lower extremities
    • Caused by hyperextension injury
    • More common in older adults with degenerative cervical spine conditions
    • Requires careful use of muscle relaxants and sedation
    • Small lesions result in loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
    • Large lesions result in loss of vibration, position sense, pain, temperature, and motor function
    • Motor impairment of upper extremities is greater than lower extremities

    Conus Medullaris Syndrome

    • Symptoms include back pain, unilateral or bilateral leg pain, bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction, decreased rectal tone, perianal sensory loss, and lower extremity muscle spasticity, specifically in the S1-S5 myotome areas

    Cauda Equina Syndrome

    • Nerve root compression below the conus medullaris
    • Symptoms include saddle anesthesia, bladder and bowel dysfunction (usually retention and incontinence), back pain, sciatica, and leg weakness

    Spinal Cord Syndromes

    • Spinal cord syndromes are often caused by external factors such as trauma or tumors
    • Complete transection results in permanent loss of central sensory, motor, and autonomic functions
      • Entire spinal cord is affected
      • Complete loss of sensation and paralysis below the level of injury
      • Irreversible deficits due to neuronal death and failure of axons to regenerate
      • Axonal regeneration is inhibited by upregulation of proteoglycans, lack of neurotrophic factors, and glial scarring
    • Brown Sequard Syndrome (Hemicord)
      • Ipsilateral loss of vibration, light touch, and motor function
      • Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
      • Incomplete syndrome, requiring cautious medication choices
    • Anterior Cord Syndrome
      • Caused by flexion injury, vascular injury, atherosclerotic disease, or aortic cross clamping
      • Affects the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
      • Results in bilateral motor paralysis below the level of the lesion
      • Paraplegia or quadriplegia depending on the level of injury
      • Loss of pain and temperature at or below the lesion
      • Problems with autonomic dysfunction, including low blood pressure, neurogenic bowel and bladder issues (retention or incontinence), and sexual dysfunction
      • Preserves posterior column function, resulting in intact proprioception and vibration sense, two point discrimination, and light touch
    • Posterior Cord Syndrome
      • Motor function is preserved
    • Central Cord Syndrome
      • Incomplete injury
      • Sensory and motor deficits, with upper extremities more affected than lower
      • Often caused by hyperextension injury
      • More common in older adults with degenerative cervical spine conditions
      • Requires careful use of muscle relaxants and sedation
      • Small lesions result in loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
      • Large lesions result in loss of vibration, position sense, pain, temperature, and motor function, with motor impairment of the upper extremities being greater than that of the lower extremities
    • Conus Medullaris Syndrome
      • Symptoms include back pain, unilateral or bilateral leg pain, bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction, decreased rectal tone, perianal sensory loss, and lower extremity muscle spasticity, specifically in the S1-S5 myotome areas
    • Cauda Equina Syndrome
      • Compression of the nerve roots below the conus medullaris
      • Presents with saddle anesthesia, bladder and bowel dysfunction (usually bladder retention and bowel incontinence), back pain, sciatica, and leg weakness

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    Description

    This quiz delves into various spinal cord syndromes, including complete transection, Brown-Sequard syndrome, and anterior cord syndrome. It addresses causes, symptoms, and the implications of these injuries on motor and sensory functions. Test your knowledge on the complexities of spinal cord injuries and their consequences.

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