Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of complete transection of the spinal cord?
In Brown Sequard Syndrome, which sensory loss occurs contralaterally?
Which syndrome is most likely to result from a hyperextension injury in older adults?
What is a preserved function in Anterior Cord Syndrome?
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Which symptoms are associated with Conus Medullaris Syndrome?
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What distinguishes posterior cord syndrome from other spinal cord syndromes?
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Cauda Equina Syndrome is characterized by which of the following symptoms?
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What is a common initial symptom of Anterior Cord Syndrome?
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What primarily prevents axonal regeneration following complete transection of the spinal cord?
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In Central Cord Syndrome, what is the primary characteristic of sensory and motor deficits?
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Which condition is characterized by both unilateral leg pain and potential loss of rectal tone?
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What type of injury is typically associated with Anterior Cord Syndrome?
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In which syndrome does motor function remain preserved despite sensory and autonomic losses?
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What is the likely autonomic dysfunction symptom resulting from Anterior Cord Syndrome?
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Which of the following distinguishes Conus Medullaris Syndrome from other spinal cord syndromes?
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Which of the following best describes the sensory loss pattern in Brown Sequard Syndrome?
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord Syndromes
- Caused by external events such as trauma or tumors
Complete Transection
- Permanent loss of central sensation, motor, and autonomic functions
- Entire spinal cord affected
- Complete loss of sensation and paralysis below the level of injury
- Irreversible deficits due to neuronal death and axonal failure to regenerate
- Upregulation of proteoglycans, lack of neurotrophic factors, and glial scarring inhibit axonal regeneration
Brown-Sequard Syndrome (Hemicord)
- Ipsilateral loss of vibration, light touch, and motor function
- Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
- Incomplete injury leading to medication choice concerns
Anterior Cord Syndrome
- Caused by flexion injury, vascular injury, atherosclerotic disease, or aortic cross clamp
- Affects the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
- Bilateral motor paralysis below the level of the lesion
- Results in paraplegia or quadriplegia, depending on the level of injury
- Loss of pain and temperature sensation at and below the lesion
- Autonomic dysfunction may occur including decreased blood pressure, neurogenic bowel and bladder issues (retention or incontinence), and sexual dysfunction
- Preserves posterior column function including intact proprioception, vibration sense, two-point discrimination, and light touch
Posterior Cord Syndrome
- Motor function is preserved
Central Cord Syndrome
- Incomplete injury
- Sensory and motor deficits
- Upper extremities are more affected than lower extremities
- Caused by hyperextension injury
- More common in older adults with degenerative cervical spine conditions
- Requires careful use of muscle relaxants and sedation
- Small lesions result in loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
- Large lesions result in loss of vibration, position sense, pain, temperature, and motor function
- Motor impairment of upper extremities is greater than lower extremities
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
- Symptoms include back pain, unilateral or bilateral leg pain, bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction, decreased rectal tone, perianal sensory loss, and lower extremity muscle spasticity, specifically in the S1-S5 myotome areas
Cauda Equina Syndrome
- Nerve root compression below the conus medullaris
- Symptoms include saddle anesthesia, bladder and bowel dysfunction (usually retention and incontinence), back pain, sciatica, and leg weakness
Spinal Cord Syndromes
- Spinal cord syndromes are often caused by external factors such as trauma or tumors
-
Complete transection results in permanent loss of central sensory, motor, and autonomic functions
- Entire spinal cord is affected
- Complete loss of sensation and paralysis below the level of injury
- Irreversible deficits due to neuronal death and failure of axons to regenerate
- Axonal regeneration is inhibited by upregulation of proteoglycans, lack of neurotrophic factors, and glial scarring
-
Brown Sequard Syndrome (Hemicord)
- Ipsilateral loss of vibration, light touch, and motor function
- Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
- Incomplete syndrome, requiring cautious medication choices
-
Anterior Cord Syndrome
- Caused by flexion injury, vascular injury, atherosclerotic disease, or aortic cross clamping
- Affects the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
- Results in bilateral motor paralysis below the level of the lesion
- Paraplegia or quadriplegia depending on the level of injury
- Loss of pain and temperature at or below the lesion
- Problems with autonomic dysfunction, including low blood pressure, neurogenic bowel and bladder issues (retention or incontinence), and sexual dysfunction
- Preserves posterior column function, resulting in intact proprioception and vibration sense, two point discrimination, and light touch
-
Posterior Cord Syndrome
- Motor function is preserved
-
Central Cord Syndrome
- Incomplete injury
- Sensory and motor deficits, with upper extremities more affected than lower
- Often caused by hyperextension injury
- More common in older adults with degenerative cervical spine conditions
- Requires careful use of muscle relaxants and sedation
- Small lesions result in loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
- Large lesions result in loss of vibration, position sense, pain, temperature, and motor function, with motor impairment of the upper extremities being greater than that of the lower extremities
-
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
- Symptoms include back pain, unilateral or bilateral leg pain, bladder/bowel/sexual dysfunction, decreased rectal tone, perianal sensory loss, and lower extremity muscle spasticity, specifically in the S1-S5 myotome areas
-
Cauda Equina Syndrome
- Compression of the nerve roots below the conus medullaris
- Presents with saddle anesthesia, bladder and bowel dysfunction (usually bladder retention and bowel incontinence), back pain, sciatica, and leg weakness
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Description
This quiz delves into various spinal cord syndromes, including complete transection, Brown-Sequard syndrome, and anterior cord syndrome. It addresses causes, symptoms, and the implications of these injuries on motor and sensory functions. Test your knowledge on the complexities of spinal cord injuries and their consequences.
