NUR 3210 Pharm Blueprint Exam 1 PDF

​ ​ ​ NUR 3210 Pharm Blueprint Exam 1 Week 1 Bioavailability: IV push, affects immediately, purest form, skips first pass -​ How much of the drug actually gets into your blood stream Malpractice (the four requirements): -​ Duty of care -​ Nurse has legal obligations to...

​ ​ ​ NUR 3210 Pharm Blueprint Exam 1 Week 1 Bioavailability: IV push, affects immediately, purest form, skips first pass -​ How much of the drug actually gets into your blood stream Malpractice (the four requirements): -​ Duty of care -​ Nurse has legal obligations to provide care to pt -​ Breach of duty -​ Nurse fails to meet the standard of care -​ Causation -​ Nurse actions or inactions directly caused harm to pt -​ Damage -​ Pt must suffer actual harm or injury Role of the following organs in medication pharmacokinetics: Liver and Kidney (primary role): Liver: Main job is metabolism (breaking down drugs). It can make drugs more active or inactive and is also where the first-pass effect happens. Kidneys: Main job is excretion (getting rid of drugs through urine). They filter out drug byproducts and determine how quickly the drug leaves the body.​ Components of a complete medication order and actions to correct an incomplete order: -​ Right drug -​ Right dose -​ Right time -​ Right route -​ Right pt -​ Right documentation -​ Right reason -​ Right response -​ Right to refuse Nursing Process (Know the stages and what types of nursing activities are included in each category): -​ Assessment -​ Gather info -​ Nursing diagnosis -​ Health problems -​ Planning -​ Plan of care/ goals for pt -​ Implementation -​ Carries out the plan (medicine, changing dressing, education) -​ Evaluation -​ Checking how the plan worked and adjusting Understand the difference between nursing diagnosis and medical diagnosis: Medical diagnosis: made by a doctor or physicain/ identifies the dease -​ Ex. medical diagnosis could be pneumonia Nursing diagnosis: made by a nurse and is to identify pt response sto health problem or medicatl condition -​ Focuses on the pt needs/ help with symptoms -​ Impaired breathing or acute pain Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug Absorption: drug enters the bloodstream Distribution: transportation of the drug Metabolism: the bio breakdown of the drug Excretion: filters out through urination Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body Therapeutic Index (or Window): Is the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentration of a drug. If the index is low the difference between the therapeutic nad toxic drug concentrations of small and use of the drug is kore hazardous. First Pass Effect: is what happens when you swallow a medicine, and your body breaks it down in the liver before it can fully reach the rest of your body. When this happens, a lot of the medicine gets "used up" or broken down in the liver, so only a smaller amount of the drug actually gets into your bloodstream and starts working Week 2 Black Box Warning: warning appears on drugs prescribing info and is required byt the FDA to alert prescirbors of serious adverse event that have occurred with the given drug -​ NSAID have a blackbox risk increased risk for MI and stroke Half-life: In pharmacokinetics it is the time required for half f an administered dose of a drug to be elimated by the body or the time it take for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50% -​ Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug you took to be removed from your body. Names (Brand, Generic):These are just a few examples to show you how medications have both a brand name (the name the manufacturer gives the drug) and a generic name (the name of the active ingredient). The generic version is usually cheaper, but it works the same as the brand-name drug Examples: -​ Brand Name: Tylenol -​ Generic Name: Acetaminophen -​ Brand Name: Prozac -​ Generic Name: Fluoxetine Benefits of generic brand drugs over trade brands: Generic -​ Cheaper -​ Same active ingredients -​ Fda approved -​ Covered by insurance Agonist response:a substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response Antagonist response: a drug that binds to a receptor and prevents (blocks) a response (**Relationship to medication and expected response at a basic level**) -​ Agonist = activates the lock (makes something happen) -​ Antagonist = blocks the lock (prevents something from happening) Enteral administration types and nursing considerations related to them Enteral administration refers to giving medication through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This typically means orally (by mouth) or through a feeding tube, Enteric: Coated tablets and long acting, are not to be broken down, chewed or crushed. The coated part helps get past the acidic stomach Coated: have smooth protective coating but do not have an enteric function. Coating makes it easier to swallow and protects stomach liner from irritation Suspension: Liquid medication Basic differences in administration routes (oral, IM, IV, SL) Enteric Time release: Sublingual: under tongue, absorbed rapidly, bypass liver Oral: Intestinal lumen -> blood stream-> liver *remaining active ingredients are passed into circulation IM: into fatty tissue, absorbed over several hours, IM faster than subq IV: delivers drug directly into circulation Benefits of Complementary and supplemental medications: Patient education teaching related to these supplements and OTC preparations: Advantages of OTC Medications: Week 3 Bacitracin-Uses, Signs of an allergic reaction, Nursing considerations: -​ Antibiotic used to treat minor skin infections ( stops the growth of bacteria) -​ Short term use -​ For a non complicated infection -​ Watch for allergic reactions Gout-Patient Education (Allopurinol-uses, adverse reactions, nursing considerations, physiological action on the body to treat gout): -​ Gout is when there is a build up of uric acid in the joints -​ Allopurinol (blocks the enzyme that makes uric acid) is an antigout medication -​ Has diverse effects like -​ Stepehsn johnson syndrome -​ Toxic epidermal necrolysis -​ Exfoliative dermatitis NSAID’s Uses, patient education, and nursing considerations, side effects and nursing interventions to address, physiological effects of NSAID’s (two main): -​ NSAID’s help pain and inflammation -​ The two types are -​ COX-1: helps protect stomach lining and supports normal kidney function -​ COX-2: more involved in inflammation and pain (reduce pain and swelling) -​ Pt education: take with food, follow guidelines, look at other meds youre taking, not over 3,200 mg a day -​ Side effects: can cause ulcers and cause stomach to bleed/ cause stomach problems. Important to watch for blood in stool -​ IV (30 min after) -​ PO (1 hour after) Celecoxib-Uses (all listed in class), contraindications, nursing considerations: -​ Anti inflammatory (NSAID) -​ It is the only COX 2 inhibitor (does not affect GI tract) -​ Can be taken daily -​ It is mainly for arthritis or ongoing inflammatory issues -​ Cannot take if allergic to sulfa Carbamide peroxide (Debrox)-use and effect on the body: -​ Used to remove earwax from the ear canal -​ Softens and breaks foen earwx to help your body clear it naturally Etanercept-Uses (all mentioned in class), Nursing considerations, and patient education:  -​ It is a antirheumatic drug -​ Helps juvenile and adult rhuematoidathritus -​ Helps plaque psoriasis -​ DO NOT GIVE W/ LIVE VACCINES Nursing actions when administering ophthalmic drops or ointment: Conjunctival sac: The conjunctival sac is the space inside your eyelids where tears collect. It’s basically the little pocket between the inside of your eyelids and the surface of your eye. Lacrimal gland: gland located at the medial corners of the eyelids that produce tears -​ The lacrimal gland is a small organ near the inside corners of your eyes that makes tears. Antiseptic: topical antimicrobial agent, a chemical that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms without killing them. They are also called static agents -​ A topical antimicrobial agent is a chemical that slows down the growth of germs on your skin without killing them. These are also called "static agents." Antipyretic:is a type of medication used to reduce fever. Analgesic:medications that relieve pain without causing loos of consciousness -​ Also known as painkillers Epigastric:refers to the upper part of your abdomen, right below your ribcage. It’s the area in the middle, just above your belly button and below your chest. Pound to Kg conversions (round to 10’s) Unit conversions (Kg->G->mg->mcg)