NSTP-CWTS-Module PDF

Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Lesson 1 - Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the topic, students are expected to: a\) recognize how NSTP started b\) identify pertinent laws in relation to the creation of NSTP **Learning Content...

Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Lesson 1 - Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the topic, students are expected to: a\) recognize how NSTP started b\) identify pertinent laws in relation to the creation of NSTP **Learning Content** **Meaning of Service** it is doing something for the benefit of others. the action of helping or doing work for someone. it can be VOLUNTARY. **The Traditional Filipino Service** **BAYANIHAN** - This tradition among Filipinos shows community participation, democracy and cooperation. It may be for the benefit of an individual member of the community or the community as a whole. **Spanish Colonial Administration** ***Polos y servicios*** -- During the Spanish period, these policy or practice were used to compel the Filipinos to work in public works. The *polistas* constructed churches, casas reales, roads, and built or repaired ships. Able-bodied men 16-60 years of age were obliged to render services as polistas. **The Constitutional Mandate** The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, ***to render personal military or civil service***. (*1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 4)* The **State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building** and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. *(1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 13)* Through the above legal provisions, national service comes into existence specifically NSTP BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training The **National Service Training Program (NSTP)**, is a civic education and defense preparedness program students instituted by the Government of the Philippines on 5 January 2000 by virtue of Republic Act9163, otherwise known as the \"National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001.\" Under the NSTP Program, both male and female college students of any baccalaureate degree course or technical vocational coursein public or private educational institutions are obliged to undergo one of three program components for an academic period of two semesters. The students, however, are free to choose which particular program component to take. The three NSTP Program components are:^\[1\]^ **Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)** This program component is designed to provide students with activities contributory to the general welfare and betterment of life of the members of the community especially those developed to improve social welfare services. **Literacy Training Service(LTS)** This program component is designed to train students in teaching literacy and numeracy skills to schoolchildren and out-of-school youths. The hope is to continue learning on a peer - to - peer interaction. **Reserve Officers\' Training Corps(ROTC)** This program component is designed to provide military education and trainingfor students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. This is also a glimpse for young people to see how military life is and encourage them into service. Graduates of the ROTC program component are organized into the Citizen Armed Force, while graduates of the LTS and CWTS program components are organized into the National Service Reserve Corps(NSRC) administered by the Department of National Defense, the Commission on Higher Education and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. There have been several legal precedents to the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001. These include: **Commonwealth Act No. 1** Commonwealth Act No. 1, otherwise known as the \"National Defense Act of 1935\", was enacted by the National Assembly of the Philippineson 21 December 1935. It provided for \[2\] obligatorymilitary servicefor all male citizens of ages between 18 and 30. **Presidential Decree No. 1706** Presidential Decree No. 1706, otherwise known as the \"National Service Law\", was signed into law on 8 August 1980. It made national service obligatory for all Filipino citizens and specified three categories of national service: civic welfare service, law enforcement service and military service. \[3\] **Republic Act 7077** BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training Republic Act 7077, otherwise known as the \"Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act\", was enacted by the 8^th^Congress of the Philippineson 27 June 1991. The Reservist Act provided for organization, training and utilization of reservists, referred to in the Act as \"Citizen Soldiers\". The primary pool of manpower for the reservist organization are graduates of the \[4\] Reserve Officers\' Training Corpsbasic and advance courses. **Learning Activity** **Directions:** Look for the article in the internet about the case of the ROTC in University of Sto. Tomas (UST). Look also on the story of Mark Chua, a student of the same university. Make an article or write up that relate the story on the establishment or creation of NSTP as academic requirement for all tertiary or college students. **Learning Assessment** **Directions:**Among the three components of NSTP, which do you think is BEST to take by the first year students in order to help the country in the present crisis. Support your answer by identifying and discussing some practical solutions. **Learning References** 1\. *Labuguen, Florida C.; et al. (2012). Understanding the National Service Training Program. Mutya Publishing House. p. 11. ISBN 978-971-821-289-9.* 2\. *National Assembly of the Philippines. \"CA No. 1\". Retrieved 28 June 2013.* 3. *Ferdinand E. Marcos. \"PD No. 1706\". Retrieved 28 June 2013.* 4\. *8th Congress of the Republic to the Philippines. \"RA 7077\". Retrieved 28 June 2013.* BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Lesson 2 - Philippine Constitution, Preamble and Bill of Rights** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: 1\. analyze the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. 2\. recognize and acknowledge the duties and obligations of Filipino citizens. 3. cite activities in order to further promote and inculcate nationalism among the youth. **Learning Content** **Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution** ***"We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure ourselves and posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution".*** **Bill of Rights** (from Article III of 1987 Phil. Constitution) 1\. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. 2\. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complaint and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. 3\. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall ne inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law. 4\. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the Government for redress of grievances. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS 5\. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. 6\. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. 7\. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. 8\. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, association, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. 9\. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. 11\. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. 12\. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. 13\. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. 14\. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law. 15\. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it. 16\. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. 17\. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. 18\. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. 19\. Excessive fine shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless for compelling reasons involving heinous crime, the Congress hereafter provide for it. 20\. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted. **Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino citizens** Among others, the more important duties and obligations of every citizen in a democratic society are the following: 1\. **To be loyal to the Republic.** This means faith and confidence in the Republic and love and devotion to the country. The citizen must be proud of his country, its custom, traditions, language, and institution. He must share in its glories and feel sad in its misfortunes. 2 2\. **To defend the state.** Since the citizens of the Republic receive benefits and protection from the State of which they are apart, in return, it is their primary and honorable duty to defend it against any peril, whether from within or from without. 3\. **To contribute to the development and welfare of the State.** This should be the concern of every citizen for he will be the first to enjoy the benefits thereof. He can contribute to the development and welfare of the state by paying taxes willingly and promptly, by cooperating in its activities and projects such as the preservation of peace and order, conservation of the natural resources and the promotion of social justice by patronizing local products and trades and by engaging in the productive work. 4\. **To uphold the constitution and obey laws.** Since the constitution is the expression of the sovereign will of our people. 5\. **To cooperate with duly constituted authorities.** 6\. **To exercise rights responsible and with due regard for the rights of others**. 7\. **To engage in gainful work**. Every citizen must consider his own responsibility and should strive to become a useful and productive member of society to assure not only himself but, more importantly, his family a lot worthy of human dignity.Every citizen should bear in mind that only hard and sustained work can mend a nations live and survive. 8\. **To register and vote**. It is through suffrage that the will of the people is expressed. The quality of public officials and the policies of government, the success or failure of government depend, directly and indirectly, upon the voters.Voters must be discriminating in evaluating the credentials of candidates and not be satisfied with only their physical attributes and data. **Duties and Rights of the Filipino People** **1. Duties of the People** The people of the Philippine Republic must understand that they have certain duties or obligations to perform. These duties are the price of freedom and of the rights which people enjoy a\. to vote honestly and wisely b\. to obey the laws of the land c\. to respect public authority d\. to be loyal to the Republic e\. to defend the Motherland f\. to pay taxes to the government  g\. to take active interest in local, national and international affairs 3 **2. Rights of the People** a\. Natural rights -- rights conferred upon human beings by God which cannot be taken away *Example: right to life, right to love, right to marry* b\. Civil rights -- rights granted by the State for the promotion of common welfare of individual citizens *Example: right to own property, right to seek justice in the courts* c\. Political rights -- rights conferred by the state to the people so that they may participate in government *Example: right to citizenship, right to suffrage, freedom of speech* d\. Constitutional rights -- rights recognized and protected by the constitution and part of the fundamental law of the land *Example: freedom from slavery, freedom to choose one's residence* e\. Statutory rights -- rights conferred by statutes or law promulgated by a lawmaking body and can be abolished by the same body *Example: right to inherit property, right to minimum wage, right to go to strike for higher wages* **Learning Activity** **Directions:** 1\. Relate thePanatangMakabayan and PanunumpasaWatawat ng Pilipinasto the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution by discussing its relationship in developing strong nationalism and patriotism among the Filipino. 2\. In relation to PanatangMakabayan, what is your reaction to some Filipinos who stayed long in other countries like USA and changed their citizenship? Comment on their sense of nationalism and patriotism. **Learning Assessment** **Directions:** Answer the following questions below. Write your answer and submit to your Instructor or facilitator. 1\. How do you internalize the Preamble of our Constitution? 4 2\. Think of other possible activities to demonstrate nationalism in your barangay. **Learning References** 1\. 1987 Philippine Constitution 2\. Guillo, RM Jr. and De Chavez, F. I. Civic Welfare Training Service Towards Responsive Community Organization and Development. Morlanda Publishing. Manila. 2009. 3. Lee, Sergio J. National Service Training Program, Civic Welfare Training Service, Literacy Training Service: A Source Book 3^rd^ Edition. C 7 E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City 2013. 4\. Modules on 16 Good Citizenship Values: Reference for Values Formation by Good Citizenship Movement, EPPC in partnership with CHED. Institution Building Team EDSA People Power Commission. 2010. 5 Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Lesson 3 - United Nations Principles on Human Rights** **Learning Objectives** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the topic, students are expected to: a\. recognize human rights as tool for equality and cooperation; b\. identify and explain each provision of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights; c\. reflect on the human rights condition in the country; d\. promote human rights awareness. **Learning Content** **Universal Declaration of Human Rights** The issue of human rights remains relevant as of this day. Every individual is entitled to his rights in consonance with the existing laws and policies of his ethnicity. In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was translated into 360 languages -- the most translated document in the world. Although the declaration does not guarantee that no human rights abuse will happen, it serves as guide to every country in crafting their laws and policies concerning human rights. It is composed of thirty articles from which the world based its decision to discern what is right and what is wrong. Thus, the ***Universal Declaration of Human Rights*** is defined as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. **Preamble** Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge. *Article 1 **-*** All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. *Article 2* - Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. *Article 3* - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. *Article 4* - No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. *Article 5* - No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. *Article 6* - Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7 - All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training *Article 8* - Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. *Article 9* - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. *Article 10* -- Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. *Article 11*- (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. \(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. *Article 12* - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. *Article 13* -- (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. \(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. *Article 14 --* (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. \(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non- political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. *Article 15 --* (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. \(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. *Article 16 --* (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. \(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training \(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. *Article 17 --* (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. \(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. *Article 18 --* Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. *Article 19 --* Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. *Article 20 --* (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. *Article 21 --* (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. \(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country. \(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. *Article 22 --* Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. *Article 23 --* (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. \(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. \(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. \(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training *Article 24 --* Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. *Article 25 --* (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. \(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. *Article 26 --* (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. \(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. \(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. *Article 27 --* (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. \(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. *Article 28 --* Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. *Article 29 --* (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. \(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. \(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training *Article 30 -* Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. **Issues of Human Rights in the Philippines** 1\. Philippine War -- Drug Campaign - human rights groups and activists are accusing the Duterte government of extra-judicial killings. 2\. Death Penalty -- many representatives filed bills seeking to reinstate the Death Penalty which were strongly opposed by the Catholic Church 3\. Lowering the Age of Criminal Liability -- the constitution provides that children are 18 years below. Lowering the criminal liability is a violation of children's rights. 4\. Freedom of Expression -- the closure of ABS-CBN and veteran journalist Maria Ressa were categorized by their supporters as violation of human rights. 5\. Rights of the members of the LGBTI Community -- the controversial SOGIE Bill divided the opinions of Filipinos about human rights. **Additional Information of the Human Rights in the Philippines** 1\. Human rights can be classified as individual, collective, civil, political, economic, social and cultural. 2\. Article III of the 1987 Constitution also called as the Bill of Rights provides Filipino citizen's rights, protection and privileges. 3\. In 2014, nearly 75,000 people filed for recognition as victims of human rights violations during the implementation of the Martial Law. For more information on Human Rights Issues in the Philippines, you may visit: [https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/philippines/report philippines/?fbclid=IwAR08Y2g2Zlb9trelKj5RGQ-h2W2z ] [Vib4VRDHSgoVlgpyHjMkmpbn4eHaN4 ] **Learning Activity** **Directions:**Interview someone who had experienced Martial Law. Let them compare the human rights situation then and now. Report the report of your interview. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Learning Assessment** **Directions:**Answer the following questions 1\. What is human rights and how does it affect our daily living? 2\. What can you say on the human rights situation in the Philippines? Expand your answer. 3. How will you promote human rights awareness? **Learning References** July 21, 2020[https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr\_booklet\_en\_web.pdf ] July 21, 2020 [https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/philippines/report philippines/?fbclid=IwAR08Y2g2Zlb9trelKj5RGQ-h2W2z ] [Vib4VRDHSgoVlgpyHjMkmpbn4eHaN4 ] **July 21, 2020** [https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iii/ ] BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Lesson 4 - Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the topic, students are expected to: *a. recognize R.A. 8491 and its provisions;* *b. explain the importance of flag and other national symbols;* *c. identify the steps on how to properly fold the Philippine flag;* *d. promote nationalism among youth.* For students and instructors' material, please access at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AYaGyMZcT32gj1N8APqMcEgo2yG8Wzhv/view?usp=sharin g **Learning Content** **Salient Feature of RA No. 8491 of 2002 (Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines)** **Philippine Flag** Our national flag is the symbol of our country. It shows our unity as a people. It stands for our high ideals and noble heritage. Therefore, when you show respect for the flag, you also show respect for our country and people. One way to show respect is to handle the flag properly. A flag is a sacred and respected feature of the nation which it represents. Each nation's flag has a specific way in which it should be displayed and folded. The Philippine national flag is said to be the primary symbol of the nation's camaraderie, sovereignty, solidarity and unity. It is therefore, the symbol of nationalism and patriotism in our country. **Flag History** The national flag of the Philippine is a horizontal bicolor with equal bands of blue and red, and white equilateral triangle based at the hoist side, at the center of the triangle is a golden yellow sun with eight primary rays (which signifies eight provinces) each containing three individual rays; and at each corner of the triangle is a five-pointed golden yellow stat. The sun with eight rays in the Philippine flag represents the first eight provinces (Manila, Bulacan, BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and Cavite) that revolt and fought for independence from the Spanish-rule. The flag was conceptualized by  Emilio Aguinaldo. The first flag was sewn in Hongkong by Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Dona DelfinaHerbosa de Natividad, niece of Jose Rizal. The flag is displayed with the blue field on the top in times of peace, and with red field on top in times of war. The flag is unique in the sense that it can indicate a state of war when the red field is displayed on top or on the observer's left when the flag is displayed vertically, with the white equilateral triangle at the top end. **Flag Construction** The flag's length is twice its width, which translate into an aspect ratio of 1:2. The length of all sides of the white triangle is equal to the width of the flag. Each star is oriented in such manner that one of its tips points towards the vertex at which it is located. **Flag Protocol** The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residence, public plazas, and schools every day throughout the year. The days of the 28^th^ of may (national Flag day) and 12^th^ of June 9Independence day) are designated as flag days, during which all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag. In Section 9 of RA 8491, the Philippine flag must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the following locations: 1\. Malacaňang Palace, 2\. The Congress of the Philippine buildings (Senate and House of Representatives) 3. Supreme Court of the Philippine Building 4\. The Rizal Monument 5\. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite 6\. Barasain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan 7\. Tomb of theUnknown Soldiers in La Union, Libingan ng mgaBayani in Makati) 8. Mauseleo de losVeteranos de la Revolucion 9\. All international ports of entry BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training 10\. All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP). **Half-mast** The flag may be flown at half-mast as a sign or mourning. Upon the official announcement of the death of the president or a former President, the flag should be flown at half-mast for 10 days. The flag should be flown at half-mast for seven (7) days following the death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the president of the Senate or the speaker of the House of the Representatives. The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast  upon the death of other persons to be determined by the NHCP, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representative, and such other persons as may be determined by the NHCP. When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the half mast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it is lowered for the day. **Folding the Flag** 1\. Hold the flag at each of its four corners and pull it taut. The folder holds the corners at the end with the blue and red fields. 2\. Fold the flag in half, lengthwise, with red field covering the blue field. Pull it taut again making sure the open side's edges are flush with one another. 3\. Fold it in half again, the closed side over the open side, again maintaining the flattening tension and parallel, flush edges on the open side. The blue field should now be displayed face up. 4\. Take the closed side's blue field corner and fold it over the open side such that what was the bottom edge is now parallel and flush with open side forming a right triangle (with 90^0^ ). 5\. At the right angle, fold the flag again such that a new right triangle is formed, still keeping the open edges parallel. 6\. Fold the right --angled corner of the new triangle over such that it forms a new right triangle with what had been the bottom edge now flush with the side of the flag below it. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training 7\. Continue this sequence of folds creating right triangle until the flag is completely folded into right triangle bundle. The white field and yellow sun should now predominate in the visible areas of the flag. **Prohibited Acts** In Section 34 of RA 8491, the flag cannot be used in the following rationales: 1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag by dipping the flag as a salute, or adding additional marks on the flag; 2\. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth, a covering, or as part of a costume or a uniform; 3. As a trademark or for commercial or agricultural labels or designs; 4\. As part of merchandise or in any advertisement or infomercial; and 5\. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles. **Other Rules on the Display of the Philippine Flag** 1\. On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when the ship is at anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship is at sea. 2\. On all aircraft with Philippine registry, the Philippine Flag shall be prominently displayed horizontally on its fuselage with the hoist side pointing the forward direction. 3. The flagpole must not be of equal height or higher than the Independence Flagpole at the Rizal Park, Manila (107ft). **Learning Activity** **Directions:**Conduct an interview or research on how to properly dispose the Philippine Flag. Report your work through video presentation. **Learning Assessment** **Directions:**Answer the following questions. 1\. Is the provisions of RA 8491 very clear to you? Explain it. 2\. Using a graphic organizer, make a timeline of the history of the Philippine flag. 3. Make a two -- minute infomercial promoting nationalism and respect to Philippine flag. **Learning References** RA 8491 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training July 25, 2020 [https://www.slideshare.net/ejentero/flag-and-the-heraldic-code-of-the-philippines] BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 1 -- Citizenship Training** **Lesson 5 - Good Citizenship Values** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the topic, students are expected to: a\. analyze the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution; b\. give the duties and obligations of Filipino citizens; c\. cite activities in teachingnationalism. **Learning Content** **Developing Good Citizenship** Every right has a corresponding responsibility. Next to the right to live is the right for citizenship. It provides man the necessary protection of the state, identity, education, job opportunities, securities and all other rights provided by existing laws. *To the students and instructor, you may access the diagnostic test on Philippine Citizenship at [https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=philippine citizenship-test-practice].* **Preamble of the 1987 Constitution** *We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.* **Citizenship** Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society, which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part member and duty of protection on the part of the State. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 1 -- Citizenship Training** **Citizen** A citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of a democratic community who enjoys a full civil and political rights and its accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the State. Article IV, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution identifies the following as citizens of the Philippines: 1\. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of said Constitution; 2\. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and 3\. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. **Great ideal in the life of every citizen** The greatest ideal in the life of every citizen must be patriotism or love of country. This achieved through the exercise the positive nationalism and the defense of our sovereignty when it is threatened by outside and inside forces. Next to loyalty to God is loyalty to country which is sealed by a pledge of allegiance such loyalty is neither through compulsion of force, as motivated by certain material considerations. **Filipino citizen's loyalty** As a citizen, we have several objects of loyalty in our country, superiors or duly constituted authorities, principle, our flag, our word of honor. Filipino may differ in physical features but they are bound by their love for the country they call their own. They are proud of the cultural heritage and prouder still to belong to a race of people known for their courage and love of freedom. Loyalty must be inspired by the respect and faith in the cause to which we subscribe. It should not be servility or fanaticism. Loyalty is based on love of country, respect for superiors, belief in the cause and principle, reverence for national symbols and loyalty to one's world of honor. **Acquiring Citizenship** 1.There are two principles of citizenship in the world, "jus solis" (by blood) and "jus sanguinis" (by birth). 2\. A baby who was born within the air space or within 12 nautical miles from the boarder of the United States will automatically have US citizenship regardless of the parent's nationality. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 1 -- Citizenship Training** 3\. Commonwealth Act No. 473 provides the qualifications and processes for acquiring Filipino citizenship. **Learning Activity** **Directions:**Compose a three --stanza poem encouraging good citizenship (English or Filipino). Record yourself while reciting it. **Learning Assessment** **Directions:**Answer the following questions: 1\. How do you internalize the Preamble of our Constitution? 2\. Think of other possible activities to demonstrate the inculcating of nationalism. **Learning References** 1\. 1987 Philippine Constitution 2\. Commonwealth Act No. 473 3\. GuilloJr.,Romeo M, Content Standards of Literacy Training Service, Morlanda Publishing, 2011 4\. July 25, 2020 https://thepointsguy.com/2018/01/what-is-the-citizenship-of-a baby-born-on-an-airplane/ 5\. July 25, 2020 https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=philippine citizenship-test-practice. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training **Lesson 6 -- Voter Citizenship Education** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the topic, students are expected to: a\) recognize the duties and responsibilities as voter; b\) inspire to participate actively in activities whether in national or local elections **Learning Content** The Filipino citizen-voter education cover the political and electoral system, human rights, and governance that serve to contribute to efforts at developing matured and informed political attitudes and decisions of Filipino citizen-voters. 1\. What is election? Election is the means by which the people choose their officials for definite and fixed periods 2\. What are the different types of electoral exercises? The two (2) types of electoral exercises are: a\) regular elections (national, local, barangay, ARMM, SK) b\) special elections (plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall) 3\. What is the right of suffrage? Suffrage is the human right to vote to which, in the Philippines, is embodied in three documents: a\) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) b\) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and c\) The 1987 Philippine Constitution. These documents all call for universality of the right; equality in access to public service; and secrecy of voters. The political choice and decision you make will determine the kind of government that will serve the country. The will of the people, then, will be best expressed in clean, orderly and honest election. 4\. Who are qualified to vote in Philippine elections? a\) Citizens of the Philippines; b\) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections; c\) A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or municipality wherein he/she proposes to vote for at least six months before the elections. 5\. Who are qualified to vote under the Overseas Absentee Voting Law? a\) Filipino citizen abroad BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training b\) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections c\) Immigrants with affidavit to resume residence in the Philippines d\) Permanent residents with affidavit of intent to resume residence in the Philippines. 6\. Who are disqualified by law to vote in Philippine elections? a\) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one year b\) Persons who committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and firearms law, or any crime against national security or disloyalty to the government c) Insane or incompetent persons 7\. How often are the elections held? a\) Every 2^nd^ Monday of May for national and local election National and local elections are held on the second Monday of May every third year starting 1992. The presidential and vice presidential elections are held every six years. Election Days in which the president and vice president and barangay officials are not elected are called \"midterm elections\"; Election Days in which the president and vice president are elected are called \"presidential elections\". Barangay-level officials, although are currently elected in the same year as the other officials, are elected separately the succeeding months. b\) Every last Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay and SK officials Barangay-level elections, starting from 2007, are to be held every three years during the last Monday of October, although these elections are frequently postponed (and incumbents\' terms are extended) as a cost-saving measure. c\) Every 3 years from March 1993 -- ARRM elections Elections for the positions in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), starting from 2011, are to be held every three years during the second Monday of May. 8\. What are the actions points for citizen-voters in exercising the right of suffrage? a) Before elections Prepare to exercise the right of suffrage and the right to an informed and free choice. ⮚ Register during the period allowed for voter registration. ⮚ Be informed of the issues, platforms, and personalities of the political candidates. ⮚ Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders in terms of the candidate's social affiliations and interests, competence, lifestyle, and performance records. ⮚ Conduct/participate in public debates that would inform citizens and gain the commitment of the candidates to integrate, foremost, the interests and welfare of the citizen in their program of government. b\) During elections Exercise vigilance and the right to vote. ⮚ Vote according to your conscience BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training ⮚ Protect the integrity of your own vote from any other undue influence ⮚ Volunteer in organizations that work for clean and peaceful elections ⮚ Watch out for instance of cheating in the elections and inform authorities and the rest of the electorate of such activities. c\) After elections Practice continued vigilance and participate in governance. ⮚ Be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of votes ⮚ Attend consultations and public hearings, and participate in local special bodies. ⮚ Legislate advocacy -- s process where citizens talk with lawmakers and other implementers in the government to ensure that the concerns and welfare of the general public are included in the discussion and making of laws. d\) The Election process These are the steps in the election process: ⮚ Registration day ⮚ Revision day ⮚ List of votes ⮚ Casting of votes ⮚ Counting of votes ⮚ Preparation of election returns and other reports ⮚ Distribution of election returns Board of Canvassers (for President and Vice President Board of Canvassers (for Senators) Board of Canvassers (for Provincial/City/District/Municipal) ⮚ Proclamation of winning candidates e\) Citizen-voter participation in Political affairs ⮚ Initiation and Referendum Through the system of initiative and referendum, the people can directly propose, exact, and reject laws at the local level. Citizens may directly propose amendments to the Constitution by a petition of at least 12% of the total number of registered voters where three (3) % of registered voters in each legislative district are presented ⮚ Plebiscite Through plebiscite, the people approve or reject the call for a Constitution, approve or reject proposed changes in the Constitution and, at the local level, express their will on certain local issues. ⮚ Sectoral Representation The party-list system of representation gives sectors the chance to be represented in Congress together with Congressmen/women or Representative. The Constitution and the 1991 Local Government Code (LGC) allow for representation of sectors in the local legislature or *Sanggunian*. ⮚ Local special Bodies Ordinary citizens are called to sit in local special bodies such as the local health boards, school boards, peace and order councils, and BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training developmentcouncils for consultation. The barangay assembly has the power to hear and judge the report of Sangguniang Barangay's (SB) performance. ⮚ Absentee Voting system Republic Act 9189 or the Absentee Voting Law provides for a system which allows qualified Filipinos abroad to vote in national elections in the Philippines. **Learning Activity** **Directions**: Interview any of the following: a\) a former barangay official b\) an incumbent barangay official c\) three (3) members of the community who cast their votes three (3) times already. Ask them how the election mean for them; how active are they before, during and after election. For non-barangay officials, ask their participation after the election. Record your interview and make a report or narrative. **Learning Assessment** **Directions:** Answer the following test items. 1\. What do you call to the right of every citizen in legal age to elect their government official? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2\. Qualified Filipino citizen shall register for election at the barangay office. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 3\. President of the Republic of the Philippines are elected every three years. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 4\. Governor and Mayors are elected at the same election period. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 5\. Judicial positions are also elected officials of the government. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 6\. According to the election code, election for barangay officials and SanguniangKabataan (SK) officials are held at the same time. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 7\. Registered and qualified Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) are allowed to cast their votes. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 8\. All Filipino citizens are qualified to vote. True \_\_\_\_\_ or False \_\_\_\_\_ 9\. The following are the qualified to vote in Philippine elections except one. a) A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or municipality wherein he/she proposes to vote for at least six months before the elections. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 1 -- Citizenship Training b\) Filipino citizen with dual nationality c\) Citizens of the Philippines; d\) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections; 10\. Who among the following Filipino citizen are not granted to exercise their right to vote by law during elections? a\) Insane or incompetent persons b\) Persons who committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and firearms law, or any crime against national security or disloyalty to the government c) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one year d\) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for lifetime. **Learning References** 1\. Modules on 16 Good Citizenship Values: Reference for Values Formation by Good Citizenship Movement, EPPC in partnership with CHED. Institution Building Team EDSA People Power Commission. 2010. 2\. Soriano (SR), L.E. RA (Commissioner Chairperson) Modules on Good Citizenship Values Good Citizenship Movement, Institution Building Team EDSA People Power Commission. 2004. 3\. Your Vote. Our Future: Citizen Participation in Election 2003 (A Primer) BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** **Lesson 7 - Drug Education** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the lesson, students are expected to: 1\. be familiar of the terms: drug education, drug abuse, drug dependence, drug user, etc. 2\. give the classifications of drug and their effects. 3\. enumerate the roles of schools, community and parents in preventing drug abuse. 4. participate in the government campaign against prohibited drugs. **Learning Content** **Legal Bases for Drug Education** Republic Act (R.A.) 9165 is an act instituting the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002, repealing RA No. 6425 known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972. This Act serves as guide in the implementation of dangerous drug prevention and control in the country. It guides in the right approach towards issues geared against drug activities. RA 9165, Article IV mandates the following: 1\. Provide continuing in service training for teachers on the effective utilization and support to instructional materials and on teaching strategies on drug education 2. Continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and overall impact of drug education 3\. Secure funds from local and foreign donors for the implementation of drug education programs. **Drug Education** The number of drugs used today is vast and is steadily increasing as new drugs are developed and new uses are found for old drugs, several drugs still used by the doctor such as the active principle in aspirin, have been used clinically for many hundreds of years. **Drug** - It is a substance that affects the function of living cells, used in medicine to diagnose, cure, prevent the occurrence of diseases and disorders and prolong the life of patients with incurable conditions. Since 1990, the availability of new and more effective drugs such as antibiotics, which fight bacterial infections and vaccines, which prevent diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, has increased the average of Filipino's life span from about 60 years to about 75 years. Drugs have vastly improved the quality of life. Today, drugs have contributed to the eradication of once widespread and sometimes fatal diseases such as poliomyelitis and smallpox. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** **Drug abuse** is the overuse of a drug without due regard to accepted medical practice resulting in the individual's physical, mental, emotional or behavioral impairment. **Drug dependence** is a compulsive behavior brought about by drug abuse. In 1987, the American Medical Association declared all drug dependencies to be diseases. When chemical dependencies are viewed as diseases, their treatment and understanding are facilitated. Such a view also reduces the guilt and blame traditionally associated with chemical dependency **Drug user** is another term for "drug addict" which refers to an individual who is dependent on a certain drug or drugs. Smith et al. (1986) define addiction as a pathological process involving a compulsion to use a psychoactive drug, loss of control over use of the drug and continued use of the drug despite adverse consequences. **Common signs of drug abuse**  1\. Change in attendance at work or school 2\. Change from normal capabilities (work habits, efficiency, etc.) 3\. Poor physical appearance, including in attention to dress and personal hygiene 4. Constant wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times (for instance, indoors or at night not only to hide dilute or constricted pupils but also to compensate the eyes' inability to adjust to sunlight). Marijuana causes bloodshot eyes 5. Unusual effort made to cover arms in order to hide needle marks 6. Association with known drug abusers 7\. Stealing items that can be readily sold for cash (to support a drug habit) 8. Change in mood, depending on the drug taken **Classifications of drugs and their Effects** 1\. **Alcohol liquor**, which is extracted from chemical compound as ethyl and hydrocarbon, is a dangerous chemical substance that triggers the central nervous system and may damage vital human organs. **Effects of Alcohol Use** Give a feeling of relaxation and loss of inhibition A sense of excitement due to the release of inhibitions Disrupted motor activity, motor skills and coordination Deep intoxication that causes disturbance in bodily processes Dilated superficial blood vessels causing warm feeling Deep intoxication that can lead to "coma" and "death" Warning consciousness, causing mental dullness Loss of self-control resulting in violent behavior googleimagesalcohol.com BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** 2\. **Marijuana** (Cannabis *Sativa*), is annual plant that grows wild in many temperate parts of the world.  **Effects of Marijuana** Throat intoxication and coughing Increased heartbeat and pulse rate Reddening of the eyes, dizziness, bodily incoordination Sleepiness and decreased physical activity Possible chronic bronchitis and asthma Feeling of excitement and friendliness Distortion of time and space perception googleimagesmarijuana.com Disturbance of brainwave activity, causing of impairment of skills leading to abnormal behavior 3\. **Stimulants** are drugs used to increase mental activity, relieve fatigue, increase alertness and offset drowsiness. a\) Amphetamines b\) Cocaine c\) Shabu (methamphetamine, HCL) **Effects of Stimulants** googleimagesstimulant.com Feeling of being stronger, more decisive and self-possessed Extended wakefulness and increased mental alertness May include irritability, anxiety and fear Loss of appetite resulting in decreased body weight Pregnant women who abused "shabu" can cause mental retardation to their unborn babies Loss of sexual desire and interest towards work "Schizophrenia" or split personality, leading to violent behavior Loss of memory by chronic users Chronic snorters from irritation of the nose leading to frequent nose bleeding Injecting "shabu" using dirty needles can lead to various infections such as Hepatitis B, blood poisoning and AIDS 4\. **Cough syrups** are also called over the counter colds/cough preparations. a) Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine and phenylproppanolamine for nasal decongestion  b\) Clorophenamine maleate for allergic asthma, nocturnal cough c\) Dextromethorphan is cough suppressant; codeine has an anti-tussive effect googleimagescoughsyrup.co m BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** 5\. **Depressants** are usually known as "downers". These drugs act on the nervous system, promoting relaxation and sleep. a\) Barbiturates b\) Mathaqualone googleimagesdepressant.c **Effects of Depressants** A usual dose of barbiturates causing a calming, relaxing effect that promotes sleep. Other notable reactions are given. Relief of anxiety and excitement Reduce mental and physical activity A marked decreased in breathing 6\. **Barbiturates** are used to reduce the frequency of convulsions in epileptics. An overdose of barbiturate produces the following reactions. Unconsciousness and decrease in breathing Deepening unconsciousness leading to "coma" googleimagesbarbiturates.com 7\. **Hallucinogens** (Psychedelics) are drugs that can produce changes in mood and behavior. They can produce delusions and hallucinations. They induce a state of excitation of the central nervous system, shown by changes in mood. Hallucinogens disorient the sense of direction, distance and time of a person. A user may speak of "hearing" colors, "seeing" sounds. a\) Mescaline b\) LSD c\) Psilocybin d\) Phencyclidine **Effects of Hallucinogens** Increased heartbeat and pulse rate Elevated or increased blood pressure googleimageshallucination.com Increase activity of the body due to the effect of the brain Enlarged or dilated pupils of the eyes Increased body temperature Paleness of the face and skin of the body 8\. **Tranquilizer** is a drug used to treat nervous disorders, calm psychotic patients. They are not habit-forming but when taken in large numbers will produce deep unconsciousness, a drop in blood pressure and finally respiration stops leading top death. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** While the margin of safety associated with these drugs is considerable, overdose can occur and continuous use can lead to dependence. a) Meprobamate b\) Diazepam **Effects of Tranquilizer** Physical weakness and sleepiness Induced mental and psychological dullness It calms the nerves and relieves tension and anxiety Overdose can lead to "coma", respiratory failure and death googleimagestranquilizer.co **Narcotics**, in medicine, refer to opium, morphine, codeine, heroin and hydromorphone. **Effects of Narcotics** Reduced size of the pupils of the eyes and reduced vision Drowsiness and decreased physical activity googleimagesnarcotics.com Nausea, vomiting and difficulty in breathing if taken in larger dosage "Tolerance", which finally leads to "drug dependence" Induced "come" with slow, shallow respiration Convulsions, followed by the stopping of breathing that can lead to death if overdosed 9\. **Inhalants** are volatile substances derived from ether or chloroform. It is an inhalator through the nose to experience intoxication. Recently, inhalation of different substances known as "glue sniffing" has become popular among young people in their early teens. These substances include the following: a\) Quick-drying glue or plastic cement, like rugby b\) Paint remover and lacquer, such as thinner and solvent  c\) Gasoline and other gasoline-based products d\) Kerosene or commonly known as gaas e\) Nail polish and cuticle remover f\) Lighter-fluid and dry-cleaning fluid **Effects of Inhalants** Unsteadiness and restlessness Drunkenness with depression leading to unconsciousness Irritability and highly agitated condition Initial excitement thereby losing emotional control googleimagesinhalants.com Irritation of the throat and nasal passages. Sometimes inhalants contain toxic elements that are harmful to the heart and can cause sudden death when inhaled BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** **What are the reason behind these drugs?** The most common reason why drugs are abused are as follows: ▪ For relief from problems -- personal, family, school or work ▪ To experience its effect on the mind and body ▪ To ease depression, boredom, pain or misery ▪ Giving in to pressures from "peers" or other drug users ▪ For curiosity, due to misinformation from acquaintances ▪ For security feelings -- with drugs, they have self-confidence ▪ **Some of the preventive measures for drug abuse** Drug abuse must be avoided from the start before problems set in. There are several basic ways to do this, namely: a\) Improvement in family relations. The parents and children must communicate with each other and strengthen their ties to combat drug addiction; b\) Direct and sincere action on the part of the government to address the growing problems of drug abuse; c\) Clear and noticeable reforms in the environment and economy to provide everyone with a bright future and good life; d\) Strict enforcement of drug laws against violators and traffickers; e) Establishment of a dedicated judiciary so as to facilitate the delivery of aid of victims of drug abuse; f\) Complete "crackdown" against drug pusher and syndicates; and g\) Instituting heavy penalties, specifically the "death penalty' for drug-related crime and serious drug violators  **Roles of school, the community, youth and parents in preventing drug abuse** ***School*** Every school must formulate a "drug policy "designed to help students and all school personnel fight drug abuse. Also, the school can initiate "drug awareness" program and realistic prevention efforts that will benefit the entire community. All students must take an active part in making this program a success. ***Community*** The community, as a whole, must work toward eradicating the drug menace by: ▪ conducting an anti-drug campaign, cooperating with authorities in the arrest of the drug pushers; ▪ helping drug users get treatment from drug rehabilitation centers, dismantling the drug-based network existing in the community through police action; ▪ planning a community action program involving young people, civic welfare, and religious organizations in tackling the drug problem; and ▪ organizing worthwhile and constructive activities such as recreational, social, and economic projects that will serve as a positive alternative to drug abuse. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** ***Youth*** The role of the youth in nation building is crucial and important. They are problem solvers, have positive influence in other young people and the nation, and are extremely ambitious. They have the ability to create and identify themselves and move the nation forward positively. As responsible youth of today, be strong and always remember: **S** - steadfast personality **T** -- trustworthy in words and actions **R** -- respectable in relating with others **O** -- open-minded in facing situation **N** -- noble character **G** -- gusty actions and ideals Ten (10) ways to say **NO to Drugs** 1\. be vocal, just say NO to drugs and mean it. 2\. Project an image of a clean living for yourself. 3\. Get into sports. 4\. Choose your friend and influence them positively. 5\. Get involved into community-based activities. 6\. Join organizations or youth club or form your interest group (church, school or social) 7\. Learn how to manage stress. 8\. Join seminars on anti-drug abuse prevention. 9\. Talk to your family, listen to the problems of your siblings. 10\. Enhance your talents and skills by taking part on workshops, trainings or seminars. ***Parents*** Parents must serve as a model to their children through the following: ▪ If parents use medicines improperly and in large dosages, children will imitate this bad example. This should be avoided. ▪ Parents must teach their children not to use drugs indiscriminately so as to develop in their children the correct drug attitude. ▪ Parents should advice their children on their choice of friends and inculcate the basic knowledge about drug abuse. ▪ If parents discover their son or daughter is into drugs, they must face the problem and seek professional help at once. ▪ Parents must create a happy family life and maintain an open communication between them and their children.  **What are some pieces of helpful and timely advice for these problems?** ▪ Maintain good physical and mental health. ▪ Use drugs properly. Most drugs are beneficial when used under medical advice. ▪ Understand your own self. Accept and respect yourself for what you are. ▪ Develop your potentials. Engage in wholesome, productive and fulfilling activities. ▪ Learn to relate effectively with others. Have somebody to whom you can communicate your problems and other stresses without the use of drugs. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** ▪ Seek professional help if you cannot cope with your problems anymore. ▪ Develop strong moral and spiritual foundation in life. **Learning Activity**  Google Images Google Images **Activity \#1:** In a clean white paper, create a promotional poster concerning drug education in our country along with this is a simple slogan on the bottom of your art. **Activity \#2:** Prepare an inspirational quote to promote a drug free world. *(minimum of three (3) quotes) Note: please make it an eye catcher.*  BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS **Module 2 - Drug Education** **Formative Evaluation** 1\. Define/Describe related terms to drug education. 2\. Why do you think prohibited drugs should be avoided by individuals? 3\. Why do you think individual turn themselves in the use of these prohibited drugs?  Faustino I. De Chavez, Ed. D. and Romeo M. Guillo Jr. Ed. D CWTS (NSTP) Book Revised Edition Philippines Copyright ©2013 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management **Lesson 8 - Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the lesson, students are expected to: 1\. discuss some important provision of the RA 10121 2\. recognize government efforts and activities in the disaster risk reduction activities. **Learning Content** **Salient Provisions of Republic Act 10121 or the PDRRM Law** Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 is entitled as, "An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes". This was signed into law on May 27, 2010 and the Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) was approved three months later on September 27, 2010. This revolutionary law defines the disaster management system in the Philippines.  Figure 1: Cover Photos of Republic Act 10121 & IRR **1. Section 5** provides for the creation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) which is formerly known as the National Disaster Coordinating Council but its membership and functions have increased to cope with complexities of disasters at present times. The NDRRMC is headed by the Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND) as Chairperson with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness, the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response, the Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management and Mitigation, the Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery, and the Administrator of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) as the Executive Director, and 39 members as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Organizational Chart of NDRRMC The members of the NDRRMC are composed of fourteen line departments (DA, DBM, DENR, DEP ED, DOE, DOLE, DFA, DOF, DOH, DOJ, DPWH, DOT, DTI, DOTC ), Office of the Executive Secretary, Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace Process (OPAPP), Chairman of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), Chief, Philippine National Police (PNP), The Press Secretary, the Secretary General of the Philippine Red Cross (PRC), Commissioner of the National Anti Poverty Commission-Victims of Disasters and Calamities Sector (NAPC-VDC), Chairperson of the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women, Chairperson of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC), Executive Director of the Climate Change Office of the Climate Change Commission, two government funding institution namely PHILHEALTH and Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) together with Social Security System (SSS) which is a private insurance entity, five (5) local leagues such as Union of Legal Authorities of the Philippines (ULAP), League of Provinces of the Philippines (LPP), League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP), League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP) and League of Barangays (LMB), four representatives from the Civil Society Organizations who will focus on Preparedness, Response, Prevention and Mitigation and Rehabilitation and Recovery. There is also one member who will represent the private sector. The NDRRMC being empowered with policy-making, coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions shall carry out 17 responsibilities as stipulated in the law. The NDRRMC Chairperson may call upon other instrumentalities or entities of the BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management government and nongovernment and civic organizations for assistance in terms of the use of their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and properties in the whole range of disaster risk reduction and management. This authority includes the power to call on the reserve force as defined in Republic Act No. 7077 to Assist in relief and rescue during disasters or calamities. **2. Section 8** of the law stipulates that the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall have the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous development of strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters. The Administrator of the OCD serves as the Executive Director of the National Council and, as such, shall have the same duties and privileges of a department undersecretary. All appointees shall be universally acknowledged experts in the field of disaster preparedness and management and of proven honesty and integrity. The National Council shall utilize the services and facilities of the OCD as the Secretariat of the National Council. The OCD has 19 functions, duties and responsibilities as stipulated in the law. It is further provided for in the law that the NDRRMC shall establish an Operations Center. This is the 24/7 facility for monitoring and coordination. It is where we disseminate situation reports, alerts and communications to all Council members and various stakeholders. It is also a venue for us to facilitate effective management of the consequences of disasters. **3. Section 10** of RA 10121 provides for the creation of the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC), formerly known as Regional Disaster Coordinating Council (RDCC). RDRRMC coordinates, integrates, supervises, and evaluates the activities of the local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMCs). The RDRRMC is responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans, in case of emergencies; RDRRMC shall convene the different regional line agencies and concerned institutions and authorities. Under the law, the RDRRMC shall establish an operating facility known as the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center (RDRRMC OpCen) whenever necessary. The civil defense officers of the OCD who are or may be designated as Regional Directors of OCD serves as chairpersons of the RDRRMCs. Its Vice Chairpersons shall be the Regional Directors of DSWD, the DILG, the DOST, and the NEDA. The existing regional offices of the OCD shall serve as secretariat of the RDRRMCs. The RDRRMCs are composed of the executives of regional offices and field stations at the regional level of the government agencies. **4. Section 11** provides for the organization at the Local Government Level. The Provincial, City and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils are mandated to be organized at the local levels. In the case of the Barangays, a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Management Committee which is mandated to be organized and shall operate under the Barangay Development Council (BDC). The Local DRRMCs shall be chaired by the local chief executives, the Governor for the provincial level, the mayor for the city and municipal levels and the barangay captain for the barangay level. The members are the heads of various offices assigned at the local levels together with the four (4) members from the CSOs and one (1) private sector representative. The LDRRMCs shall have the following functions: a\) Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the local DRRM Plans and regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning programs; b\) Ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into local development plans, programs and budgets as a strategy in sustainable development and poverty reduction; c\) Recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evacuation of local residents, if necessary; and, d\) Convene the local council once every three (3) months or as necessary. Figure 3. DRRM Network Hence, to bring DRRM down to the grassroots, RA 10121 further provides for the establishment of the "DRRM Network", or the replication of the NDRRMC from the national down to the regional, provincial, city, municipal and barangay levels as shown in Figure 3. **5. Section 12** provides for the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO). It is also mandated that the local government units shall establish an LDRRMO in BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management every province, city, and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee in every barangay. The LDRRMOs shall be responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction. The LDRRMOs are permanent offices under the office of the governor, city or municipal mayor and the punong barangay (barangay captain) in case of the BDRRMC. The LDRRMOs have twenty-five (25) functions, duties and responsibilities under this law given that the local government units are the first line of defense in every disaster or emergency. Thus, they shall act as front liners of all disaster risk reduction and management plans, programs, projects and activities. **6. Section 15** provides for the coordination during emergencies. The LDRRMCs are mandated to take the lead in preparing for, responding to and recovering from the effects of any disaster based on the following criteria as shown in Figure 4. Barangay Development Council 1 barangay affected ------------------------------ --------------------- City/Municipal DRRMC Provincial DRMMC Regional DRMMC National DRRMC Figure 4. Criteria on coordination during emergencies **7. Section 21** provides for the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) which is not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set aside as the LDRRMF to support disaster risk management activities such as, but not limited to, pre disaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities, and for the payment of premiums on calamity insurance. The LDRRMC shall monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of the LDRRMF based on the. LDRRMP as incorporated in the local development plans and annual work and financial plan. Upon the recommendation of the LDRRMO and approval of the sanggunian or council concerned, the LDRRMC may transfer the said fund to support disaster risk reduction of other LDRRMCs which are declared under state of calamity. Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible. Unexpended LDRRMF shall accrue to a special trust fund solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs within the next five (5) years. Any such amount still not fully utilized after five (5) years shall revert back to the general fund and will be available for other social services to be identified by the local sanggunian. **8. Section 22** of RA 10121 provides for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund. \(a) The present Calamity Fund appropriated under the annual General Appropriations Act shall henceforth be known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRM Fund) and it shall be used for disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management activities such as, but not limited to, training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital expenditures. It can also be utilized for relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services in connection with natural or human-induced calamities which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year. \(b) The specific amount of the NDRRM Fund and the appropriate recipient agencies and/or LGUs shall be determined upon approval of the President of the Philippines in accordance with the favorable recommendation of the NDRRMC. \(c) Of the amount appropriated for the NDRRM Fund, thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible. \(d) All departments/agencies and LGUs that are allocated with DRRM fund shall submit to the NDRRMC their monthly statements on the utilization of DRRM funds and make an accounting thereof in accordance with existing accounting and auditing rules. \(e) All departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government are hereby authorized to use a portion of their appropriations to implement projects designed to address DRRM activities in accordance with the guidelines to be issued by the NDRRMC in coordination with the DBM. Notably, the special provisions for the NDRRM Fund under the General Appropriations Act No. 10964, provided for the aid, relief and rehabilitation services to communities / areas affected by human-induced and natural calamities, and repair and reconstruction of permanent structures, including other capital expenditures for disaster operation, and rehabilitation activities with a total budget amounting to Nineteen Billion Six Hundred Million Pesos (P19.6 B). In addition to the NDRRM Fund, the amount of Seven Billion Six Hundred Million pesos (P7.6B) is used for the Quick Response Fund of various agencies such as the Departments of Social Welfare and Development, National Defense, Health, Public Works and Highways, Education, and Agriculture, as well as National Electrification Administration and National Irrigation Administration. Release of funds for other agencies in need of QRF shall be subject to the submission of a favorable recommendation of the NDRRMC and approval of the DBM. **9. Section 23** of the law also specifies funding of the OCD as lead agency to carry out the provisions the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. The OCD shall be allocated a budget of one billion pesos (PhP1,000,000,000.00) revolving fund starting from the effectivity of this Act. The National Council, through the OCD, shall submit to the Office of the President, the Senate and the House of Representatives, within the first quarter of the succeeding year, an annual report relating to the progress of the implementation of the NDRRMP. **Learning Activity** BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management **Directions**: Visit your barangay hall and take a picture of the organizational chart. If the situation will not permit you to visit, ask somebody else to the task. In the chart or picture, take notice the in-charge of the barangay's disaster risk reduction management. Interview or someone how the disaster risk reduction management system in your barangay works. Make a report or summary of the interview. Submit the report to your class facilitator. **Learning Assessment** **Directions:**Write your reflection orthoughts on the following issuesor challenges regarding disaster risk reduction management in the country. 1\. Establishing a course program in the tertiary level as major or bachelor degree 2. Select one (1) particular section or provision from the law which you think is very much important or necessary in order to ensure safety among the Filipinos. **Learning References** 1\. RA.10121 - Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 2. unisdr.org/files/68265\_682308philippinesdrmstatusreport.pdf Retrieved July 28,2020 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management **Lesson 9 - Geographic Profile of the Philippines** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the lesson, students are expected to: 1\. describe Philippine as archipelago 2\. increase awareness on the possible disaster in their own community and take actions to lessen the vulnerability. **Learning Content** **General Information** The Philippines, located in Southeast Asia (SEA), is one of the largest island groups in the world with 7,107 islands and islets lying about 500 miles (800 kms) off the coast of Vietnam. Outstanding physical features of the Philippines include the irregular configuration of the archipelago, the coastline of some 22,550 miles (36,290 km), the great extent of mountainous country, the generally northward trend of the river systems, and the spectacular lakes. The islands are composed primarily of volcanic rock and coral, but all principal rock formations are present. The archipelago has a total land area of 120,000 sq miles (300,000 sq km) and stretches about 1,150 miles (1,850 km) from north to south, and its widest east-west extent, at its southern vase, is some 7000 miles (1,130 km). It is further divided into three (3) major groups of islands namely, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Luzon is the biggest island group while Visayas is a melting pot of Spanish, Chinese, and Indo-Malayan cultures; and Mindanao where Chinese and Muslims are predominant. There are 17 administrative regions, namely: National Capital Region (NCR); Ilocos Region (Region I); Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR); Cagayan Valley (Region II); Central Luzon (Region III); CALABARZON (Region IV-A); MIMAROPA (Region IV-B); Bicol Region (Region V); Western Visayas (Region VI); Central Visayas (Region VII); Eastern Visayas (VIII); Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX); Northern Mindanao (Region X); Davao Region (Region XI); SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII); Caraga Region (Region XIII); and, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Figure 1 below illustrates the map of the Philippine Islands. Manila is the capital city but outside Manila there are also diverse centers of commerce and industry, culture, the arts, and education. Meanwhile, Quezon City is the largest and most populous city. The country has a total population of 100,981,437 based on the 2015 Census of Population (POPCEN 2015). The Filipino is basically of Malay stock with a sprinkling of Chinese, American, Spanish and Arab blood, and other ethnic minorities. The system of Government is Democratic with our current President, His Excellency Rodrigo RoaDuterte. 1 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Map of the Republic of the Philippines The climate of the Philippines is tropical and maritime. It is characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. It is similar in many respects to the climate of the countries of Central America. Temperature, humidity and rainfall are the most important elements of the country's weather and climate. 2 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Based on the average of all weather stations in the Philippines, excluding Baguio, the mean annual temperature is 26.6^o^C. The coolest months fall in January with a mean temperature of 25.5^o^C while the warmest month occurs in May with a mean temperature of 28.3^o^C. Rainfall is the most important climatic element in the Philippines. Rainfall distribution throughout the country varies from one region to another, depending upon the direction of the moisture-bearing winds and the location of the mountain systems. The mean annual rainfall of the Philippines varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters annually. Baguio City, Eastern Samar, and Eastern Surigao receive the greatest amount of rainfall while the southern portion of Cotabato receives the least amount of rain. At General Santos City in Cotabato, the average annual rainfall is only 978 millimeters. Using temperature and rainfall as bases, the climate of the country can be divided into two major seasons: \(1) the rainy season, from June to November; and \(2) the dry season, from December to May. The dry season may be subdivided further into \(a) the cool dry season, from December to February; and \(b) the hot dry season, from March to May. Based on the distribution of rainfall, four climate types are recognized, which are described as follows: Climate Map of the Philippines based on the Modified Coronas Classification 3 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management **Learning Activity** **Directions**: Draw the map of the Province of Batangas in a short coupon bond, add legend and describe the climate characteristics of the province. Give specific details on your own community. **Learning Assessment** **Directions**: All community or barangay has its own hazards. Describe your community or barangay by identifying what are the possible hazards present like flooding, fire, flashflood, or collapse of a building to name a few. As member of your barangay, what you should do to prevent the possible disaster and lessen the vulnerability of your community? Submit your output to your facilitator. **Learning References** 1\. Ms. Janice Montes Padagdag Civil Defense Officer II Office of Civil Defense Department of National Defense (OCD-DND) https://www.adrc.asia/countryreport/PHL/2018/Philippines\_CR2018B.pdf Retrieved July 27, 2020: 2. https://www.indexmundi.com/philippines/geography\_profile.htmlRetrieved July 27, 2020 3\. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography\_of\_the\_Philippines Retrieved July 27, 2020 4 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management **Lesson 10 - Disaster Risk Profile of the Philippines** **Learning Objectives** At the end of the lesson, students are expected to: 1\. describe Philippines as disaster prone country. 2\. highlight the socio-economic and physical impact of disaster community members **Learning Content** **A. Natural Hazards Likely to Affect the Country** The Philippines is prone to almost all types of natural hazards because of its geographical location and geotectonic setting. Figure 1: Map showing the Pacific Ring of Fire In addition, the Philippines is situated along the highly-seismic Pacific Ring of Fire as shown on Figure 1 above. This is the area where the Philippine Sea and Eurasian Tectonic Plates meet and is prone to occurrences of earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. In fact, there are 300 volcanoes in the country and 22 are active. Figure 2 shows the distribution of active faults and trenches in the Philippines which are found in several areas of the country. 1 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Figure 2. Map showing the Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines Moreover, Figure 3 presents the seismicity or the frequency of occurrence of earthquakes, almost all parts of the country experience earthquakes. Generally, we encounter an average of 20 earthquakes a day, per latest figures from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). Earthquake disasters are not as frequent as the typhoons and flooding that take place in the Philippines. 2 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management  Figure 3. Map showing the Seismicity of the Philippines Nevertheless, the impact generated on affected communities is usually massive and devastating. Earthquake-induced disasters were few in numbers and in terms of casualties. According to the Annual Report by the PHIVOLCS, in 2017, six (6) damaging earthquakes hit the country commencing with the magnitude 6.7 earthquake in Surigao del Norte on 10 February. A series of earthquakes were recorded in Mabini, Batangas Province from April to 3 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management August 2017. A major event in the earthquake swarms had a magnitude of 5.5 on 04 April. Two (2) more strong earthquakes occurred on 08 April, the first with magnitude 5.6, succeeded by another with magnitude 6.0. On 12 April, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurred with epicenter near Wao, Lanao del Sur. On the 29th of the same month, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake happened offshore of Saranggani, Davao Occidental. On 25 May, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake happened near the vicinity of San Marcelino, Zambales. Lastly, Ormoc City, Leyte and vicinity were shaken by the magnitude 6.5 earthquake on 06 July (PHIVOLCS Annual Report, 2017). The strong ground shaking subsequently caused liquefaction, earthquake-induced landslides, and damages to buildings and other infrastructures. Areas transected by the active faults that moved and generated the earthquakes were also affected by ground rupture. Aside from being situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire shown on Figure 4 below, the country is also located along the Pacific Typhoon Belt. This explains the occurrences of different weather disturbances such as typhoons. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) reports that every year, an average of twenty (20) tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and five (5) of which shall be most destructive. Tropical cyclones and its sequential effects of rain and windstorms, as well as floods are the most prevalent types of hydrometeorological hazards in the country. Figure 4. Photo showing Pacific Typhoon Belt In fact, the Philippines can also be called "Exporter of Typhoons". Figure 5 below illustrates the tracks of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Period from 1948 to 2010 based on the records of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). 4 BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 -- CWTS/LTS Module 3 -- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Figure 5. Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Period from 1948 to 2010 Between 1997 and 2007, eighty-four (84) tropical cyclones entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). These typhoons resulted to a total of 13,155 in human casualty and more than 51 million families have been affected. Economic losses due to typhoon damages in agriculture, infrastructures and private properties are estimated to reach P158.242-B. Some of the most devastating floods and landslides are triggered by these typhoons that happened also within this period. The El Nino Southern Oscillation which is a periodic disaster recorded high economic costs in just a single occurrence. In 2010, out of the almost PhP 25-M worth of damages to properties caused by natural disasters, tropical cyclones contributed to more than half. These affected more than 3 million people in that year alon