Summary

This document discusses quantum numbers and energy levels in atoms. It covers the principle quantum number (n) and the subsidiary quantum number (ℓ), with examples and explanations.

Full Transcript

1-Principle quantum number (n) a\) Bohr use it in hydrogen atom it is used to define 1-Orders of principle energy levels and their number are seven in the heaviest one in its ground state. 2-The number of electron required to fill its level (2n^2^ ) This rule is not applied in levels higher than...

1-Principle quantum number (n) a\) Bohr use it in hydrogen atom it is used to define 1-Orders of principle energy levels and their number are seven in the heaviest one in its ground state. 2-The number of electron required to fill its level (2n^2^ ) This rule is not applied in levels higher than fourth level [Because the atom becomes unstable if the number of electrons exceed 32 electrons in any level]. \* The principle quantum number must be a whole number exclude zero \*Each energy level is divided into sublevels. 2- Subsidiary quantum number (ℓ): a\) It indicates the number of energy sub levels in each principle level. b)Each principle energy level contains a number of energy sublevels equal to its principle quantum number. ![](media/image2.png) c) The energy sublevels take the symbols and values which are shown in the following table: d)They was noticed by [Sommerfield] that each spectral line is a number of fine spectral lines that represent electron transition between very near energy levels (sublevels). e)There is a small difference in energy of sublevels s\

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