Intro to CNS Notes PDF

Intro to CNS Tuesday, September 3, 2024 11:49 AM - CNS components ○ Brain & spinal cord - Forebrain ○ Cortex + deep gray matter nuclei ○ ▪ Princess Diana is the center of the universe ▪ You use Telescopes to look out/ deeper structures...

Intro to CNS Tuesday, September 3, 2024 11:49 AM - CNS components ○ Brain & spinal cord - Forebrain ○ Cortex + deep gray matter nuclei ○ ▪ Princess Diana is the center of the universe ▪ You use Telescopes to look out/ deeper structures - Cerebral Cortex ○ Covers entire surface of brain ○ The cortex, together with these deep gray matter nuclei, comprise of the forebrain ○ Sulci ▪ Gyri (ridges) □ Named from function &/or location ▪ Sulci (furrows) □ Major sulci are given names Central sulcus ◊ Splits frontal lobe & parietal lobe Parieto-occipital sulcus ◊ Splits occipital lobe from the parietal & temporal lobe □ Fissures (large sulci) Lateral fissure ◊ Splits frontal & parietal from temporal lobe ▪ ○ Lobes ▪ Frontal lobe □ Motor activity & higher order thought/ cognition ▪ Parietal lobe □ Sensory ▪ Occipital lobe □ Vision ▪ Temporal lobe □ Hearing and memory ▪ Limbic lobe □ Emotional center Exam 1 Page 1  □ Emotional center Arousal, fear, anger □ Contains cingulate gyrus & parahippocampal gyrus ▪ ○ Matter ▪ Gray matter □ Consists of mainly neuronal cell bodies Aka ganglia, nuclei, or small group of cell bodies □ In brain Gray matter on outside □ In spinal cord Gray matter on inside ◊ Used for processing before sending signals up or down ▪ White matter □ Consists of mainly myelinated axons Nerves can be myelinated & non-myelinated □ In brain White matter is on the inside □ In spinal cord White matter is on the outside ▪ - Brain stem ○ Midbrain ○ Pons ○ Medulla ▪ Becomes spinal cord at foramen magnum, @ base of skull ○ Cerebellum ▪ Located on the posterior surface of the brainstem, just behind the pons and 4th ventricle ▪ Functions □ A: accuracy Exam 1 Page 2  □ A: accuracy □ B: balance □ C: coordination ○ ○ Anterior brainstem ▪ ▪ Midbrain □ Contents CN III-IV Cerebral peduncle ◊ Info coming up from body to brain Mammillary bodies Optic n. ◊ For vision ▪ Pons □ Contains CN V-VIII ▪ Medulla □ Contents CN IX-XII Pyramids (pyramidal tracts) ◊ Associated w/ cortico-spinal track  Main voluntary motor track Olives ▪ Note*** □ CN I & II are not part of the brain stem, but CN II wraps around midbrain as you can see in the picture ○ Posterior brainstem Exam 1 Page 3  ▪ - Ventricular system ○ Spaces within brain that are filled w/ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ▪ Produced by ependymal cells of choroid plexus (lines the ventricles) ▪ Important for removing waste in nervous systems ▪ Grasps spatial relationships within the brain ○ ▪ 2 Lateral ventricle ▪ 1 in each hemisphere ▪ Contain A, P, Inf horns ▪ 3rd ventricle in the midline ▪ 4th ventricle b/w cerebellum & brainstem ▪ Connected to 3rd ventricle via cerebral aqueduct Exam 1 Page 4