Vertebral Column Notes PDF

3. The Vertebral Column Curves Vertebrae & vertebras Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx Vertebral column put together 78  3. Curves Posterior view Cervical: Concave Thoracic: Convex Lumbar: C...

3. The Vertebral Column Curves Vertebrae & vertebras Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx Vertebral column put together 78  3. Curves Posterior view Cervical: Concave Thoracic: Convex Lumbar: Concave Sacrum: Convex 79 3. Vertebral column  3. Curves Posterior view Cervical (7): Concave Thoracic (12) : Convex Lumbar (5) : Concave Sacrum (5) & Coccyx (3-5): Convex 80 3. Vertebral column  3. Curves Abnormal / exagger ated curves Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis 81 3. Vertebral column  3. The Vertebral Column A flexible rod that supports the body, protects the spinal cord, and site for muscle attachment 82 3. Vertebral column  Typical vertebrae Spinous process Lamina Superior articulate process Inferior articular process Pedicles Transverse process Vertebral foramen Vertebral body 83 3. Vertebral column  Typical vertebrae Vertebral arch Vertebral body 84 3. Vertebral column  Typical vertebrae Spinous process Lamina Superior articulate process Pedicles F Transverse process F Vertebral foramen B B Vertebral body 85 3. Vertebral column  Typical vertebrae 86 3. Vertebral column  Stacked together 87 3. Vertebral column  3. Vertebrae & vertebras 88 3. Vertebral column  3. Vertebrae & vertebras Intervertebral disc Annulus fibrosis: Tough, circular exterior Nucleus pulposus: Inner 3. Vertebral column core of intervertebral disc 89  3. Not all vertebra are the same! 90 3. Vertebral column  3. Not all vertebra are the same! How can I tell them apart? 91 3. Vertebral column  3. Cervical Vertebrae (C1 – C7) Smallest Atypical: C1 & C2 Typical: C3 – C7 Good Landmark for labeling C7 92 3. Vertebral column  3. Typical Cervical Vertebrae C2-C6 bifucated Right lateral view Superior view Vertebral foramen are large and triangular Transverse processes contain transverse foramina Superior articular facets face superioposteriorly93 3. Vertebral column  3. C1 & C2 (Atlas & Axis) Atlas Axis 94 3. Vertebral column  3. C1 Atlas - Atypical Lacks a body and spinous process Supports the skull - Superior articular facets articulate with the occipital condyles Allows flexion and extension of neck (Nodding the head “yes”) 95 3. Vertebral column  3. C1 Atlas - Atypical 96 3. Vertebral column  3. C2 Axis - Atypical Has a body and spinous process Dens (odontoid process) projects superiorly Pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull (Shaking the head “no”) 97 3. Vertebral column 3. C2 Axis - Atypical Dens over this 98  3. Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 – T12) 99 3. Vertebral column  3. Thoracic Vertebrae T1 – T12 Spinous processes are long and point inferiorly All articulate with ribs at the transverse processes (Half a facet) Have costal emifacets/facets 100 3. Vertebral column  3. Thoracic Vertebrae T1 – T12 Heart-shaped bodies (superiorly) and circular foramen Superior articular facets face posteriorly, inferior articular processes pointing anteriorly… Orientation of FACETS allows rotation but limits flexion and extension 101 3. Vertebral column 3. Thoracic Vertebrae T1 – T12 102  3. Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5) 103 3. Vertebral column  3. Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5) Bodies are thick and robust Spinous processes are thick, blunt, and point posteriorly Superior articular facets directly medially* Limited rotation but allows flexion and extension 104 3. Vertebral column  3. Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5) Transverse processes are thin and tapered Vertebral foramina are triangular Used for muscle attachement 105 3. Vertebral column  3. Sacral (S1 – S5) Vertebrae 5 fused vertebrae 106 3. Vertebral column  3. Sacral (S1 – S5) Vertebrae Shapes the posterior wall of pelvis Superior surface articulates with L5 Inferiorly articulates with coccyx 107 3. Vertebral column  3. Coccyx Vertebrae Tail bone Tailbone Formed from 3-5 fused vertebrae Offers only slight support to pelvic organs 108 3. Vertebral column  3. The Vertebral Column 70cm / 28inches long Born with 33 vertebrae Adult has 26 vertebrae 109 3. Vertebral column  3. The Vertebral Column Flexion: Cervical & Lumbar Extension: Cervical & Lumbar Rotation: Cervical & thoracic Lateral flexion: Cervical & Lumbar 110 3. Vertebral column