Introduction to Traumatology PDF

INTRODUCTION TO TRAUMATOLOGY Prof. Mukkaram Ali, H.O.D. Forensic Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College  TRAUMATOLOGY Derived from greek word traumatos which means bodily injury or wound or painful emotional experience. TRAUMATOLOGY IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DEFINITION...

INTRODUCTION TO TRAUMATOLOGY Prof. Mukkaram Ali, H.O.D. Forensic Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College  TRAUMATOLOGY Derived from greek word traumatos which means bodily injury or wound or painful emotional experience. TRAUMATOLOGY IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DEFINITION OF INJURY According to Pakistan Penal Code an injury is defined as any harm what so ever illegally caused to any person in body, mind, reputation or property. The medical profession is concerned with bodily harm which is covered by the term hurt.  DEFINITION OF HURT Who so ever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person or impairs, disables or dismembers any organ of the body or part thereof of any person with out causing death is said to have caused hurt to him.  DEFINITION OF WOUND Wound is defined as the forcible solution of the anatomical integrity of any of the soft tissues of the body including skin and mucus membrane or cornea, caused by application of force.  DEFINITION OF ASSAULT According to sec. 351 PPC, the offence of assault consists of making any gesture or any preparation intending or knowing it that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that the person making that gesture or preparation is about to use criminal force to the other. For example: if Mr. “A” Shakes his fist at Mr. “B” causing Mr. “B” to believe that Mr. “A” is about to hit him then Mr. “A” will be guilty of assault.  DEFINITION OF BATTERY According to Sec. 350 PPC, the offence of Battery consists of making any gesture or preparation knowing that such a gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that the person making such a gesture or preparation is about to use criminal force and actually applies such criminal force directly or in directly is guilty of offence of battery.  CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS/HURTS Classification according to causative weapon Blunt weapon: Abrasions Bruise Haematoma Lacerations Fractures  SHARP WEAPON Sharp Edged – Incisions/Cuts/Slashes Sharp Pointed- Stab Wounds (i) Penetrating (ii) Perforating  FIRE ARM Entry Tract Exit  THERMAL Scalds (moist heat such as boiling fluids) Burns (dry heat) Electric Chemical Radiation  CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO MOTIVES/INTENTIONS Therapeutic-surgical incisions, amputations. Sports Suicidal-to harm or kill himself Homicidal- to harm or kill some other person Accidental- unintentional Defense- to ward off attack Fabricated a) self inflicted- inflicted by a person himself over assessable b) parts of the body to put false charge on some one else. Self suffered- inflicted by a friendly hand over non assessable parts of the body.  LEGAL CLASSIFICATION (NATURE OF INJURY) IS BASED ON Resultant loss of tissue/organ Gravity/Severity of wound. Application of force/administration/exposure to poison may result in to ˉ Wounding = Morbidity ˉ Killing = Mortality LAW REGARDING WOUNDING OF PERSON KINDS OF HURT Itlaf-i-udw- who ever dismembers, amputates, severes any limb or organ of the body of another person is said to cause itlaf-i-udw. Medical interpretation-anatomical (structural) loss of any organ/part of body.  KINDS OF HURT (Continued) Itlaf-i-Salahiyyat-i-udw- Whoever destroys or permanently impairs the functioning power or capacity of an organ of the body of another person, or causes permanent disfigurement is said to cause Itlaf-i-Salahiyyat-i-udw. Medical interpretation – part remains intact anatomically but becomes functionless (physiologically) Example – Injury to nerve supply of a part or injury leaving a permanent bad scar. Example – Extensive scaring of face (vitriolage).  SHAJJAH Shajjah – Who ever causes on the head or face of any person any hurt which does not amount to Itlaf-i-udw or Itlaf-i-Salahiyyat-i-udw, is said to cause Shajjah. Medical interpretation – wounds on head and face other then causing structural or functional loss.  KINDS OF SHAJJAH Shajjah-i-Khafifah – Wound which bleeds without exposing bone of the victim. Shajjah-i-Mudihah – Exposing any bone of the victim without causing fracture. Shajjah-i-Hashimah – Fracturing the bone of the victim without dislocating it.  KINDS OF SHAJJAH CONTINUED Shajjah-i-Munaqqilah – By causing fracture of the bone of the victim and there by bone is dislocated. Shajjah-i-Ammah – Causing fracture of the skull of the victim so that the wound touches the membrane(meninges) Shajjah-i-Damighah – Causing fracture of the skull of the victim and the wound rupture the membrane of the brain(meninges)  JURH Jurh – Who ever causes on any part of the body of a person, other then the head or face a hurt which leaves the mark of wound, whether temporary or permanent, is said to cause Jurh. Jurh is of two types  TYPES OF JURH Jaifah – Who ever causes jurh in which the injury extends to the body cavity of the trunkis said to cause Jurh-jaifah Medical meaning – Injury to thoraco – abdominal cavity. Ghayr – jaifah - who ever causes jurh which doesnot amount to jaifah. Medical meaning – Hurt to thoraco abdominal wall and the limbs.  KINDS OF JURH-I-GHAYR – JAIFAH Jurh-i-Ghayr – Jaifah Damiyah – In which skin is ruptured and bleeding occurs. Jurh-i-Ghayr – Jaifah Badiah – Cutting or insizing the flesh(muscles) without exposing the bone. Jurh-i-Ghayr – Jaifah Mutalahimah – By lacerating the flesh(muscles)  KINDS OF JURH-I-GHAYR – JAIFAH CONTINUED Jurh-i-Ghayr – Jaifah Mudihah – By exposing the bone. Jurh-i-Ghayr – Jaifah Hashimah – Causing fracture of the bone without dislocating it. Jurh-i-Ghayr – Jaifah Munqqilah – Fracturing and dislocating the bone. ALL KINDS OF OTHER HURTS Hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to remain in severe bodily pain for twenty days or more or renders unable to follow his ordinary pursuit for twenty days or more. Whoever causes hurt not covered by sub – section – i THANK YOU