Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Notes PDF

# Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Theory Freud focuses explicitly on sex or that he seems to frame women as the lesser sex. - He has never ceased to face criticism. - Doesn't use empirical research and solely works with adults on a case by case basis. - Remains as one of the top personality theory....

# Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Theory Freud focuses explicitly on sex or that he seems to frame women as the lesser sex. - He has never ceased to face criticism. - Doesn't use empirical research and solely works with adults on a case by case basis. - Remains as one of the top personality theory. **Freud's focus remains in the unconscious** ## **3 Parts of personality** 1. **ID**: Driven by unconscious energy, silently influence our behaviors and decisions - Bad boy of our subconscious - Impulsive part of the psyche that seek pleasure and avoids pain at all costs - Wants instant gratification - Part of us that grabs for food as a baby or acts to satisfy sexual desires without thinking thru it 2. **EGO**: Lies between the middle of these two entities in between the Id and the superego, balancing the two. It tries to make pleasurable decisions without causing too much damage - Like well-minded adult standing in the middle of two children wanting to overthrow each other. 3. **SUPEREGO**: Opposite of the Id - This part of psyche wants to control the Id unconsciously and consciously acts to follow the rules of society. - It tries to keep the Id from causing some serious damage long-term. - If humans acted only based on receiving instant gratification, we would surely be in a whole lot of trouble. As a child grows into an adult, they encounter **5 psychosexual stages of development.** During each of these stages of development, the Id is focused on specific erogenous zones. The Ego most balances out the pleasure seeking Id and the moral superego. During each of these phases, internal conflicts will result in many different types of struggles. ## **Personality** - Formed by the process and the results of each of these struggles. ## **5 Basic stages of Psychosexual** Most of our personality is actually formed by the time we reach the age of 5. 1. **Oral**: @ the age of 5 - Child continuous to struggle with balance during these stages, they will develop fixations. 2. **Anal** 3. **Phallic** 4. **Latency** 5. **Genital** ## **1. Oral Fixations** - Includes smoking or problems with eating ## **2. Anal Fixations** - Fail to master potty training or they still struggle during the anal stage and when they grow, they become sloppy or a lazy person (Anal Retentive) ## **3. Phallic Stage** - Freud believes that boys and girls start to notice the difference in each other. - Develop either Oedipus complex or penis envy. - **Oedipus Complex**: Idea that unconsciously young boys feel possessive of their mother and as a result feel very aggressive towards their father. - **Penis Envy**: Girls struggle or developed this due to lack of a penis developed. They develop fixations when they are adult. In order to develop the root of our personality, we have to dig deeper than what we experience on the surface. # Psychoanalytic Therapy Where the therapist asked their patient about their childhood memories or possible events in the past that might have led to struggles between the Id and superego. Humans repress of their emotions now his goal during therapy session was to bring those unconscious feeling and emotions into the conscious mind. # Psychosocial Development ## **Stage 1: Basic Trust vs Mistrust (0-1 year old)** - As infants we ask ourselves if we can trust the world and we wonder if it's safe. - If we feel fear, we develop doubt and mistrust. - The key to develop this is our mother. ## **Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt (1-3 years old)** - Early childhood. - We experience ourselves and discover our body. - We ask "is it okay to be me?" Can I do things on my own? - If parents allow us to discover ourselves (autonomy). ## **Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age) (3-5 years old)** - "Is it okay to do what I do?" - Needs encouragement to follow interests. - Trying out new things and learning basic principles. - Learning from our own family. - Purpose rather than inhibition. ## **Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years old)** - Realize diversity. - Asked if we can make it in this world. - We want to show that we can do things right. - Feedback is important. - School and neighbors influence this. - Competency rather than inertia. ## **Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20 years old)** - Adolescence (trial and error phase) - Realise different social role. - If our parents don't allow us to go out and explore (role confusion). - Peers and role models are the key. - Finding out who they are, what they are all about and where they are going in life. - Fidelity rather than Role Repudiation. ## **Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (20s - 30s)** - Young Adults - Ability to fuse one's identity that of another without fear of losing one's individual. - Starting to go of relationships - Asked if we can love? - If we can make long term commitment (intimacy). - Love rather than exclusivity. ## **Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (40s - 50s)** - Adulthood - Contribute to society - Teach/leading the generation to a useful lives - People at home and at work influence it. - Care rather than rejection. ## **Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)** - Late Adulthood/older Adults - Already did what we think we need to do. - Feels well (integrity). - How have I done? - Feelings of contentment and pride. ## **Erik Erikson** - German American psychologist. - Joan (wife). - Influenced by Sigmund and And Freud. - Coined an identity crisis. - Lack of bachelor's degree but got a chance to be a professor in Harvard and Yale. ## **Philosophy** - Commonly defined as a love of wisdom. - A special form of activity, to philosophize. - Requires cultivating a certain quality in man: to wonder. - Born the very moment the first human began to experience such childlike wonderments. ## **a. Socrates: Virtue and knowledge - Know you self** - Strong natural tendency to do something (virtue). - Knowing one's own virtue is necessary and can be learned. - Innate in the mind and self-knowledge is the source of all wisdom. An individual may gain possession of oneself and be one's own master through knowledge. - Knowing self is how much applied introspection to our personalities has been taken and if we can witness our strengths and weaknesses. - Introspection = Analysis - Believe in truth and know ourselves better than anyone else does. ## **b. Plato: The Idea Self, the Perfect Self** - The idea self and perfect self is the rational soul as the true self. - If a person is able to harmonize all 3 souls, a well-balanced personality will be attained (the true self). - Soul divided into 3: 1. **Rational Soul**: Located in the head; enables a person to think, reflect, and analyze. Balances the two. 2. **Spiritual Soul**: Located in chest; enables a person to experience happiness, joy, sadness, anger, and other emotional feelings. 3. **Appetitive Soul**: Located in the abdomen; derives a person to experience physical pain, hunger, thirst, and other physical wants. ## **c. Rene Descartes: I think therefore I am.** - The only thing that one cannot doubt is the existence of the self, for even if one doubts oneself, that only proves that there is a doubting self, a thing that thinks and therefore, that cannot be doubted. - "What then am I? A thinking thing, that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses; that imagines also and perceives." Hence, a man must use his own mind and thinking abilities to investigate, analyze, experiment, and develop himself. ## **d. David Hume: The self is the bundle theory of mind.** - One can only know through the senses and experiences. - Self is a bundle of impressions (experiences or sensations that form the core of our thoughts). - Ideas (copies of our impressions). - A bundle of collection of various perceptions. - Collections of all experiences with a particular being. ## **e. Immanuel Kant: Respect for self** - Duty to respect themselves. - Regarding themselves as equal moral status to other persons. - All persons are owed respect just because they are persons, that is free national beings. - "A human being regarded as a person, that is, as the subject of morally practical reason, is exalted above all price...as an end in himself he possesses a dignity by which he exacts respect for himself from all other beings in the world."