Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis PDF

SIGMUND FREUD Place: Freiberg, Moravia now known as the Czech Republic Date: March 6 or May 6, 1856 Mother: Amalie, protective and loving Father: Jacob, strict and authoritarian Eldest and favorite child because he is smart and male Lived in the Victorian Era in th...

SIGMUND FREUD Place: Freiberg, Moravia now known as the Czech Republic Date: March 6 or May 6, 1856 Mother: Amalie, protective and loving Father: Jacob, strict and authoritarian Eldest and favorite child because he is smart and male Lived in the Victorian Era in the patriarchal society where males have greater opportunities over females  SIGMUND FREUD Studied hysteria with Charcot & Breuer Books: Interpretation of Dreams and Studies on Hysteria After 1900, developed international circle of followers (Adler, Jung, and others) Died in London in 1939  Her case was the origin of Psychoanalysis Problem: Hysteria (now Conversion Disorder) Conversion disorder is a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation Impairment in vision but no biological impairment Method used: CATHARSIS OR TALKING CURE  originally conceptualized by Joseph Breuer freely speaking what one wants to say and taking note of the highlights to figure out the problem Freud founded the PSYCHOANALYTIC SOCIETY where he met two close associates Carl Jung and Alfred Adler The role of Psychoanalysis is to strengthen our ego to have better defense mechanisms. Freud’s theory is more useful in assessment than in therapy. TENSION unpleasant feeling INSTINCT Hunger, Sleep, Sex REPETITION COMPULSION aspect of an instinct which reflects a cycle from excitation to calmness SEX AND AGGRESSION Twin cornerstones of psychoanalysis SEX/EROS for survival, productivity, life satisfying physiological need Libido Form of psychic energy, manifested by the life instincts, that drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts 1. NARCISSISM it is manifested during the infant who are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego. 2. LOVE develops when people invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves. GENEROUS COMPONENTS OF THE AGGRESSIVE DRIVE 3. SADISM: the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person. 4. MASOCHISM: the need for sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others. 2. AGGRESSIVE DRIVE/THANATOS the compulsion to destroy, conquer, and kill goal is to regress or to go back to inorganic state SELF- DESTRUCTION final aim of aggressive drive The aggressive tendency is present in everyone and is the explanation for wars, violence, and religious persecution. Ex: teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, and the enjoyment of other people’s suffering ANXIETY A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by the physical sensation of uneasiness. 1. NEUROTIC ANXIETY Caused by id impulses that the ego can barely control 2. MORAL ANXIETY Comes from threats of punishment from the superego 3. REALISTIC ANXIETY this kind of anxiety is defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger. It is closely related to fear. CONSCIOUS those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time only level of mental life directly available to us UNCONSCIOUS animalistic-causing drives contains all urges that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our actions PRE-CONSCIOUS contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty PHYLOGENETIC ENDOWMENT part of our unconscious that originates experiences of our early ancestors  ID EGO SUPEREGO (DAS ES) (DAS ICH) (UBER ICH)  Emerged from id  Develops out of the ego  Core of our being  Cannot exist apart from id and from the internalized  Pleasure principle  Realistic principle patterns of reward and  Primary process: for  Secondary Process: punishment received from survival (Ex: Sex, Instrumental ways to satisfy the parents. Thirst, Hunger) primary process  Innermost core of ego  Amoral  Developed through one’s  Social component of  Needs immediate interactions personality  gratification  Serves to protect a person  Moralistic principle  Helps us with against anxiety caused by the  formed when a child reach instincts conflicting demands of the id and the age of 5  Remains stationary superego  Two parts:  uses wish  Decision-maker  Ego-ideal or Idealistic fulfillment to satisfy  develops during the first two years Principle: rewards its needs of life as the child interacts with his  Conscience: punishment or her environment  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis DENIAL Refusal to accept unpleasant reality REPRESSION Blocking a wish from conscious expression Cornerstone of all defense mechanisms  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis PROJECTION Externalizing or attributing an unconscious impulse to another person INTROJECTION People incorporate positive qualities of another person into their ego. REACTION FORMATION Doing things that is opposite with what you feel  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis REGRESSION Returning to an earlier stage through expressing an impulse  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis SUBLIMATION Doing things that are socially acceptable, positive and productive Highest form or most matured defense mechanism DISPLACEMENT Displacing emotions to inanimate objects or subordinates Form of projection  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis RATIONALIZATION Controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation SOUR GRAPE: pretending to dislike what one really likes SWEET-LEMON: pretending to like what one really dislikes  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis INTELLECTUALIZATION Focuses on the cognitive aspect wherein the person tends to isolate the scene from his emotions. Helps us adapt to a painful event IDENTIFICATION Modeling someone’s behavior after the behavior of someone else  Tool of the ego to control Without these, people will suffer from neurosis UNDOING “cancel out” or “make-up” for a bad act by doing good COMPENSATION people overachieve in one area to compensate for failures in another EROGENOUS ZONES Organs of the body that are especially sensitive to the reception of pleasure 1. ORAL (0-1) Erogenous Zone: Mouth sucking, biting, chewing Gained by oral stimulation (Ex. breastfeeding) ORAL CHARACTER TYPES ORAL RECEPTIVE/ DEPENDENT Needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety Gullible, passive, and need lots of attention, affection, and attachment 2. ANAL (1-3) Erogenous Zone: Anus Bowel and bladder control (potty or toilet training) Can gain approval or express aggression by letting go or holding on Ego develops ANAL CHARACTER TYPES ANAL RETENTIVE Stubborn, stingy, orderly, and compulsively clean difficulty in expressing oneself ANAL EXPULSIVE Disorderly, messy, destructive, or cruel 3. PHALLIC (3-6) Erogenous Zone: Genitals Awakening of sexuality OEDIPUS CONFLICT male child wants to kill his father so he can have sex with his mother ELECTRA CONFLICT Girl loves her father and competes with her mother. 3. PHALLIC (3-6) Erogenous Zone: Genitals Awakening of sexuality CASTRATION COMPLEX Condition that accompanies the Oedipus complex, but takes different forms in the two sexes. In boys, it takes the form of castration anxiety, or fear of having one’s penis removed, and is responsible for shattering the Oedipus complex. In girls, it takes the form of PENIS ENVY, or the desire to have a penis, and it precedes and instigates the Oedipus complex. 4. LATENCY (6-12) Erogenous Zone: None Same-sex peer and play interactions Also called HIDDEN STAGE OR HIDDEN SEXUALITY 5. GENITAL (12+) Maturation Sexual urges reawaken Pleasure through sexual intercourse with non-relatives Also called STAGE OF SHARING FREE ASSOCIATION Fundamental rule of psychoanalysis technique in which the therapist encourages patients to report, without restriction, any thoughts that occur to them. DREAM ANALYSIS procedure used to probe the unconscious through interpretation of the patient’s dreams. They are a type of wish fulfilment, that is, a representation of what the individual would like to have. Manifest (evident) and Latent (hidden) PARAPRAXES OR FREUDIAN SLIPS slips of the tongue or pen, misreading, incorrect hearing, misplacing objects, and temporarily forgetting names or intentions that are not chance accidents but reveal a person’s unconscious intentions PROJECTIVE TESTS administered to unveil unconscious motives derived from Freud’s defense mechanism