Network Infrastructure and Documentation PDF

Network+ Guide to Networks Eighth Edition Chapter 2 Network Infrastructure and Documentation © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license d...

Network+ Guide to Networks Eighth Edition Chapter 2 Network Infrastructure and Documentation © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 1  Objectives 2.1 Identify and describe network and cabling equipment in commercial buildings and work areas 2.2 Create and analyze network diagrams 2.3 Explain operating procedures, inventory management, labeling conventions, and business documents for a typical network 2.4 Track the progress of changes made to a network © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.  Components of Structured Cabling TIA/EIA’s joint 568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard: Also known as structured cabling Describes the best way to install networking media to maximize performance and minimize upkeep Apply no matter what type of media, transmission technology, or networking speeds are involved Based on hierarchical design and assumes a network is based on the star topology © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 From the Demarc to a Workstation (1 of 10) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 4 From the Demarc to a Workstation (2 of 10) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 5  From the Demarc to a Workstation (3 of 10) Data rooms, racks, and other equipment: Entrance facility—Incoming network (such as Internet) connects with the school or corporate network Demarc (demarcation point)—Device that marks where a telecommunications service provider’s network ends and the organization’s network begins MDF (main distribution frame/facility)—Centralized point of interconnection for an organization’s LAN or WAN (also called M C or main cross connect) Data room—Enclosed space that hold network equipment (also called data closet, data center, equipment room, or telecommunications room) Racks—Holds various network equipment Patch panel—Panel of data receptors that can be mounted to a wall or a rack - Provides central termination point when many patch cables converge in a single location © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 6 From the Demarc to a Workstation (4 of 10) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 7 From the Demarc to a Workstation (5 of 10) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 8  From the Demarc to a Workstation (6 of 10) Data rooms, racks, and other equipment (continued): VoIP telephone equipment—Voice over I P is the use of any network to carry voice signals using TCP/IP protocols - VoIP gateway - Vo I P P B X - VoIP endpoints IDF (intermediate distribution frame)—Provides an intermediate connection between the MDF and end-user equipment on each floor and in each building Work area—Encompasses workstations, printers, and other network devices Wall jacks—TIA/EIA standard calls for each wall jack to contain at least one voice and one data outlet © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 9 From the Demarc to a Workstation (7 of 10) QoS = quality of service © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 10 From the Demarc to a Workstation (8 of 10) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 11 From the Demarc to a Workstation (9 of 10) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 12  From the Demarc to a Workstation (10 of 10) Rack systems © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 13  Cabling (1 of 6) Types of cables: Patch cable—A relatively short length of cabling with connectors at both ends Horizontal cabling—Connects workstations to the closest data room and to switches housed in the room Backbone cabling—Consists of cables or wireless links that provide interconnection between the entrance facility and MDF and between MDF and IDFs Fiber optic © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 14 Cabling (2 of 6) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 15 Cabling (3 of 6) ISP © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 16 Cabling (4 of 6) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 17  Cabling (5 of 6) Cable management: When terminating twisted-pair cabling, don’t leave more than 1 inch of exposed cable before a termination Do not exceed the cable’s prescribed bend radius (radius of the maximum arc into which you can loop a cable without impairing data transmission) Use a cable tester to verify continuity (each cable segment transmits data reliably) Cinch cables loosely Protect cables—avoid laying cables across a floor and use cord covers if they must be exposed Avoid EMI—Electromagnetic interference Make sure cable sheath is plenum-rated © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 18  Cabling (6 of 6) Cable management: Pay attention to grounding requirements Leave some slack in cable runs Use cable management devices such as cable trays, braided sleeving, and furniture grommets Use patch panels to organize and connect lines Use company standards and stock Documentation: - Keep your cable plant documentation accessible - Label every data jack or port, patch panel, and connector - Use color-coded cables for different purposes - Update your documentation as you make changes to the network © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 19  Monitoring the Environment and Security Data rooms are often serviced by HVAC systems that are separate from the rest of the building Specialized products can monitor the critical factors of a data closet’s environment: Unacceptable temperature Humidity Airflow conditions Every data room should be locked with only limited I T personnel having keys Security cameras are suggested © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 20  Network Documentation Having up-to-date and detailed documentation of your network is essential for the following reasons: Makes communication with coworkers more efficient Speeds up troubleshooting efforts Puts information at your fingertips when facing similar problems in the future © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 21  Network Diagrams (1 of 7) Network diagrams—Graphical representations of a network’s devices and connections May show physical layout, logical topology, I P address reserves, names of major network devices, and types of transmission media Network mapping—The process of discovering and identifying the devices on a network: Nmap—One of the most popular tools used for network mapping Zenmap—Nmap’s GUI option Cisco Systems set the standard for diagram symbols used to represent network devices © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 22 Network Diagrams (2 of 7) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 23 Network Diagrams (3 of 7) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 24 Network Diagrams (4 of 7) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 25  Network Diagrams (5 of 7) Network diagrams provide broad snapshots of a network’s physical or logical topology Useful for planning where to insert a new switch or determining how a particular router, gateway, or firewall interact Wiring schematic—A graphical representation of a network’s wired infrastructure In detailed form, it shows every wire necessary to interconnect network devices Rack diagram—Drawing that show devices stacked in a rack system © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 26 Network Diagrams (6 of 7) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 27 Network Diagrams (7 of 7) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 28  Operating Procedures Essential documentation: Logical and physical connections on a network Inventory management IP address utilization Vendors Internal operating procedures Policies Standards An organization could provide an internal website or database to hold this information © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 29  Inventory Management System life cycle (SLC)—Process of designing, implementing, and maintaining an entire network SLC includes: Removal and disposal of outdated assets Addition of compatible, updated devices Inventory management—The monitoring and maintaining of all assets that make up a network: Simplifies maintaining and upgrading a network Provides network administrators with information about the costs and benefits of certain types of hardware or software © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 30  Labeling and Naming Conventions (1 of 2) Tips for labeling and naming conventions: Use names that are as descriptive as possible Only include fields that are essential in identifying the device Don’t overcomplicate the name with useless or redundant information Use established naming conventions Think big-picture-down-to-details Consider any security risks from details included in your naming convention Use color-coded cables for different purposes and use cable tags to identify each cable’s purpose Label the ports and jacks that cables connect to Where labels won’t fit on the device, draw a simple diagram of each device that indicates how each port is used Use a portable label maker and use labels that are durable and are designed to stick to plastic and metal © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 31 Labeling and Naming Conventions (2 of 2) © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 32  Business Documents (1 of 2) Standard business documents you may encounter: RFP (request for proposal) - Request to vendors to submit a proposal for a product or service your company wants to purchase MOU (memorandum of understanding) - Documents the intentions of two or more parties to enter into a binding agreement, or contract SOW (statement of work) - Documents in detail the work that must be completed for a particular project © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 33  Business Documents (2 of 2) Standard business documents you may encounter (continued): SLA (service-level agreement) - A legally binding contract or part of a contract that defines the aspects of a service provided to a customer - Example: The service provided by an I SP MSA (master service agreement) - A contract that defines the terms of future contracts between parties - Such as payment terms or arbitration arrangements MLA (master license agreement) - Grants a license from a creator, developer, or producer to a third party for the purposes of marketing or sublicensing, or distributing the product to consumers © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 34  Change Management Managing change while maintaining network’s efficiency and availability: Requires good planning Network users need to know when to expect certain network resources to be unavailable Common software and hardware changes Range from installing patches to replacing network backbone You may also need to know the change management documentation that might be required for an enterprise-scale network © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 35  Software and Hardware Changes (1 of 3) Four types of changes to existing software: Patch - A correction, improvement, or enhancement Upgrade - A major change to a software package that enhances the functionality and features of the software Rollback - Also called backleveling or downgrading - Process of reverting to a previous version after attempting to patch or upgrade it Installation - New software to be installed on relevant devices and incorporated with network resources Hardware changes could include adding new security cameras, replacing workstations, installing new printers, and upgrading hardware © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 36  Software and Hardware Changes (2 of 3) Table 2-3 Reversing a software upgrade Type of upgrade Options for reversing Operating system patch Use the patch’s automatic uninstall utility Client software upgrade Use the upgrade’s automatic uninstall utility, or reinstall the previous version of the client on top of the upgrade Shared application upgrade Use the application’s automatic uninstall utility, or maintain a complete copy of the previous installation of the application and reinstall over the upgrade Operating system upgrade Prior to the upgrade, make a complete backup of the system; to roll back, restore the entire system from the backup; uninstall an operating system upgrade only as a last resort © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 37  Software and Hardware Changes (3 of 3) The same change management principles apply to any type of change: Process all changes through the proper channels Minimize negative impacts on business procedures Plan thoroughly to maximize the changes of a successful change on the first attempt Document each change throughout the process © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 38  Change Management Documentation Generally, the larger an organization, the more documentation required when making changes Required process will vary but expect the following: Submit a change request document Understand and follow the approval process The change is project managed (change coordinator is usually assigned) Provide additional documentation that could include: - Network configuration - IP address utilization - Additions to the network - Physical location changes Close the change © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 39  Chapter Summary (1 of 3) Organizations tend to follow a single cabling standard known as TIA/EIA-568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard or structured cabling A network begins at the demark and ends at a workstation Horizontal cabling connects workstations to the closest data room and to switches housed in that room The backbone consists of the cables or wireless links that provide interconnection between the entrance facility and MDF, and between the MDF and IDFs Data rooms are often serviced by HVAC systems that are separate from the rest of the building Specialized products are available that monitor the critical factors of a data room’s environment © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 40  Chapter Summary (2 of 3) Network diagrams may show physical layout, logical topology, I P address reserves, names of major network devices, and types of transmission media Inventory management simplifies maintaining and upgrading the network chiefly because you know what the system includes The secret to keeping track of devices is naming them systematically and then labeling them with those names It’s important to understand the specifics covered—and not covered—in a particular document before signing it Four types of software changes include a patch, upgrade, rollback, and installation © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 41  Chapter Summary (3 of 3) Typical hardware changes include adding new security cameras, replacing old workstations, installing new printers, and upgrading I P phone hardware Generally, the larger an organization, the more documentation is necessary when making hardware and software changes © 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license dist ributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 42