National Health Policy PDF

National health policy HEALTH: A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. POLICY: Policy is a system, which provides (प्रदान करता है ) the logical framework and rationality of decision m...

National health policy HEALTH: A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. POLICY: Policy is a system, which provides (प्रदान करता है ) the logical framework and rationality of decision making for the achievements HEALTH POLICY: Health policy of a nation is its strategy for controlling and optimizing the social uses of its health knowledge of intended objectives.  The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 emerged as a major milestone of the twentieth century in the field of public health, and it identified primary health care as the key to the attainment of the goal of "Health for All" around the globe.  National health policy of India was framed after above declaration. National Health Policy 1983  The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, evolved a National Health Policy in 1983 till 2002.  The policy lays stress on preventive, promotive, public health and rehabilitation aspects of health care.  The policy stresses the need of establishing comprehensive primary health care services to reach the population in the remote area of the country.  India had its first national health policy in 1983 i.e. 36 years after independence The main objectives National Health Policy 1983:-  Universal Access: Ensure that healthcare services reach remote areas of the country.  Preventive Healthcare (निवारक स्वास्थ्य दे खभाल):- Emphasize preventive, promotive, and public health aspects of healthcare.  Community Participation (सामु दानिक भागीदारी): Foster community participation and cooperation in healthcare services.  Priority Areas (प्राथनमकता वाले क्षेत्र): Focus on key areas such as nutrition, immunization programs, maternal and child health services, school health programs, and occupational health services. Key elements of national health policy 1983:- राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य नीतत 1983 के प्रमु ख तत्व: o Creation of greater awareness of health problems in the community and means to solve the problems by the community. o Supply of safe drinking water and basic sanitation using technologies that people can afford. o Reduction of existing imbalance in health services by concentrating more on the rural health infrastructure. o Establishing of dynamic health management information system to support health planning and health program implementation. o Provision of legislative support to health protection and promotion. o Concerned actions to combat wide spread malnutrition. o Research in alternative method of health care delivery and low cost health technologies. o Greater co-ordination of different system of medicine. National health Policy 2002:- (राष्ट्रीि स्वास्थ्य िीनत 2002) Objectives:-  Achieving an acceptable standard of good health of Indian Population  Decentralizing public health system by upgrading infrastructure in existing institutions.   Ensuring a more equitable access to health service across the social and geographical expanse of India.  Enhancing the contribution of private sector in providing health service for people who can afford to pay.  Giving primacy for prevention and first line curative initiative.  Emphasizing rational use of drugs.  Increasing access to systems of Traditional Medicine. Goals- (National health Policy 2002):- Eradication of Polio & Yaws by 2005. Elimination of Leprosy by 2005. Elimination of Kala-azar by 2010. Elimination of lymphatic Filariasis by 2015. Achieve of Zero level growth of HIV/AIDS by 2007. Reduction of mortality by 50% on account of Tuberculosis, Malaria, Other vector and water borne Diseases by 2010. Reduce prevalence (व्याप्तता) of blindness to 0.5% by 2010. Reduction of IMR to 30/1000 & MMR to 100/lakh by 2010. Increase utilization of public health facilities from current level of 75% by 2010. Establishment of an integrated system of surveillance, National Health Accounts and Health Statistics by 2007. Increase health expenditure by government as a % of GDP from the existing 0.9% to 2.0% by 2010. Increase share of Central grants to constitute at least 25% of total health spending by 2010 Increase state sector health spending from 5.5% to 7% of the budget by 2005. Further increase of state sector health spending from 7% to 8% by 2010. NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY (2017):- राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य नीतत (2017)  Aim:- लक्ष्य:-  The primary aim of the National Health Policy, 2017, is to inform, clarify, strengthen and prioritize the role of the Government in shaping health systems in all its dimensions.  The main aim of this policy is to focus on “sick-care” to “wellness” by encouraging the prevention and well being of the people. Seven priority areas are also identified by NHP-2017 for improving the environment for health which are as follows:- The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Balanced, healthy diets and regular exercises.  Addressing tobacco, alcohol, and substance abuse.  Yatri Suraksha: preventing deaths due to rail and road traffic accidents.  Nirbhaya Nari: action against gender violence.  Reduced stress and improved safety in the work place.  Reducing indoor and outdoor air pollution.  Key Policy Principles प्रमु ख नीतत तिद्ाां त o The National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 of India is built around several key principles and objectives. Here are some of the key points:  1. Universality: Healthcare for all citizens, regardless of socioeconomic status or geographical location. 2. Equity: Focus on vulnerable populations, including the poor, women, children, and marginalized communities. 3. Quality: High-quality healthcare services, ensuring competence, compassion, and communication. 4. Accountability: Transparency, accountability, and responsiveness in healthcare governance. 5. Participation: Community participation and engagement in healthcare decision- making. Objectives:- उद्दे श्यां 1. To increase public health care investment from 1.4% to 2.5% of GDP. 2. To provide a larger package of comprehensive primary healthcare through ‘Health and Wellness centers’. 3. Increase Life Expectancy at birth from 67.5 to 70 by 2025. 4. Establish regular tracking of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) Index as a measure of burden of disease by 2022. 5. Reduction of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to 2.1 at national and sub-national level by 2025. 6. Reduce Under Five Mortality rate to 23 per 1000 by 2025 and MMR from current levels to 100 by 2020. 7. Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 by 2019. 8. Reduce neo-natal mortality to 16 and still birth rate to ‘single digit’ by 2025. 9. Achieve and maintain elimination status of Leprosy by 2018 and Kala-Azar by 2017 and Lymphatic Filariasis in endemic pockets by 2017. 10. To achieve and maintain a cure rate of more than 85% in new sputum positive patients for TB and reduce incidence of new cases, to reach elimination status by 2025. 11. To reduce the prevalence of blindness to 0.25/ 1000 by 2025. 12. To reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 25% by 2025. 13. Increase utilization of public health facilities by 50% from current levels by 2025. 14. More than 90% of the new born are fully immunized by one year of age by 2025. 15. Meet need of family planning above 90% at national and sub national level by 2025. 16. 80% of known hypertensive and diabetic individuals at household level maintain ‘controlled disease status’ by 2025. 17. Relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use by 15% by 2020 and 30% by 2025. 18. 40% Reduction in prevalence of stunting of under-five children by 2025. 19. Safe water and sanitation to all by 2020 (Swachh Bharat Mission). 20. Reduction of occupational injury by half from current levels of 334 per lakh agricultural workers by 2020. 21. Increase health expenditure by Government from the existing 1.15% (GDP) to 2.5 % (GDP) by 2025. 22. Increase State sector health spending, to > 8% of their budget by 2020. 23. Decrease in proportion of households facing catastrophic health expenditure from the current levels by 25%, by 2025. 24. Ensure district-level electronic database of information on health system components by 2020. Strengthen the health surveillance system by 2020.