Namangan Medieval Literature (Kunduzgi 2024-2025) PDF

?What is the time period defined for Medieval Literature? = 476-1500 = 300-1200 = 500-1500 = 400-1400 ?Which of the following is NOT typically included in the definition of Medieval Literature? = Scientific texts = Philosophy = Religious treatises = Epic prose ?What language were most earl...

?What is the time period defined for Medieval Literature? = 476-1500 = 300-1200 = 500-1500 = 400-1400 ?Which of the following is NOT typically included in the definition of Medieval Literature? = Scientific texts = Philosophy = Religious treatises = Epic prose ?What language were most early literary works originally composed in? = Latin = Old English = French = Greek ?Who popularized vernacular literature in Britain during the 9th century? = Alfred the Great = Geoffrey Chaucer = Thomas Malory = Marie de France ?What significant event in 1066 transformed the English language? = The Norman Conquest = The signing of the Magna Carta = The establishment of the Church of England = The Black Death ?What was the primary medium of artistic expression during most of the Middle Ages? = Poetry = Prose = Drama = Histories ?Which of the following works is considered the earliest novel in the West? = Le Morte D'Arthur = Beowulf = The Canterbury Tales = Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ?What type of literature was primarily used as a teaching tool by the Church? =Drama = Histories = Fables = Epic poetry ??What is the main theme of the morality play "Everyman"? = The journey to heaven = The quest for love = The adventures of a knight = The history of Britain ?Which historian is known for incorporating mythic elements into his works? = Geoffrey of Monmouth = Bede  = Gildas = Nennius ?What character is central to the fables featuring Reynard? = Isengrim the Wolf = Arthur = Everyman = Beowulf ??What was a common characteristic of early medieval writers? =They were mostly anonymous = They often signed their works. = They wrote primarily in Latin.. = They focused on original storytelling. ?What type of stories did medieval vernacular literature evolve from? = Folktales = Novels = Histories = Religious texts ?Which of the following genres was NOT commonly written in verse during the Middle Ages? = Prose fiction = Chivalric romances = Epic poetry = Histories ??What was the primary audience for Latin prose during the Middle Ages? = Religious and scholarly audiences  = The general public = Children = Illiterate individuals ???What was the purpose of the ars moriendi literature? =To instruct on how to live a good life = To entertain = To tell historical accounts = To promote literacy ??Which of the following is a characteristic of fables? = They feature anthropomorphized animals. = They are always written in Latin. = They are primarily historical accounts. = They are written for a scholarly audience. ??What was a significant change in literature during the 15th century? = The development of the printing press = Decrease in literacy rates = The rise of oral storytelling = A return to Latin as the primary language ??Which of the following best describes the storytelling method in early medieval literature? = Recited to an audience = Written for private reading = Exclusively in Latin = Focused on historical accuracy ???What is the significance of Geoffrey of Monmouth's work?  = It established the Arthurian Legend. = It was the first novel. = It was the first morality play. = It was written in Old English. ?Which of the following genres was popular for entertainment during the Middle Ages? = Lyric poetry = Scientific texts = Histories = Legal texts ??What was the primary function of morality plays? = To instruct the illiterate audience = To entertain the nobility = To document history = To promote literacy ??Which of the following is true about the language of medieval literature? = It evolved from Old English to Middle English. = It was only written in Latin. = It was exclusively in French. = It was never written in the vernacular. ???What was a common theme in the fables of Reynard the Fox? = The cleverness of the underdog = The triumph of good over evil = The importance of loyalty = The inevitability of fate ??What was the primary audience for medieval poetry? = The general public = Scholars = Children = The clergy ??Which of the following best describes the nature of early medieval histories? = Based on myth and legend = Strictly factual = Written in prose only = Focused on scientific accuracy ??What was the role of the storyteller in medieval literature? = To perform tales for an audience = To write down stories for future generations = To create original works = To document historical events ???Which of the following is a characteristic of the literature produced in the Middle Ages? = Anonymity of many writers = High levels of originality = Focus on individual authorship = Exclusively written for private reading ??What was the impact of the printing press on literature? = It made books more accessible. = It decreased literacy rates. = It eliminated the need for oral storytelling. = It restricted the language of literature to Latin. ???Which of the following best describes the transition from oral to written literature in the Middle Ages? = Writers began to write for an audience that could read. = Oral literature became obsolete. = Written literature was created for private enjoyment. = Oral traditions were completely lost. ?Which epic poem features a hero facing a monster? =Beowulf = The Song of Roland = The Battle of Maldon = The Pearl ??Who is the best-known romantic poet associated with the court of Marie de Champagne? = Chretien de Troyes = Geoffrey Chaucer = Robert de Boron = Thomas of Britain ?What theme is commonly found in medieval romances? = Love is unattainable = True love lasts forever = Love conquers all = Love is a source of happiness ?Which character is a strong female figure in Chretien's works? =Guinevere = Laura = Sophia  = Marie de France ?What genre features a first-person narrator relating a dream? = Dream vision = Epic poetry = Romance = Fable ?Who wrote The Divine Comedy? =Dante Alighieri = Geoffrey Chaucer = Christine de Pizan = Giovanni Boccaccio ?Which work is considered a significant prose work of the Middle Ages? = Le Morte D'Arthur = The Canterbury Tales = Beowulf = The Song of Roland ?What was the primary focus of Chaucer's Book of the Duchess? = Grief and loss = Courtly love = Heroic deeds = Religious themes ?Who is known for writing the Decameron? = Giovanni Boccaccio =Christine de Pizan = Petrarch = Chretien de Troyes ?What is the primary form of an epic? = Narrative poem = Prose = Short story = Play ?Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an epic? = Written in prose = Lengthy narrative = Supernatural elements = Heroic themes ?What does an epic often explore? = Heroism and honor = Romantic relationships = Everyday life = Scientific discoveries ?What is a saga? = A prose narrative = A type of poem = A musical composition = A historical document ?Which culture is primarily associated with sagas? = Norse and Icelandic = Greek = Roman = Celtic ?What is a key characteristic of sagas? = They focus on character development. = They are always written in verse. = They are short narratives. = They do not include historical figures. ?Who is typically considered an epic hero? = A central character embodying cultural values = A common villager = A character with no special qualities = A minor character in a story ?What is a common trait of epic heroes? = They come from noble birth. = They are always defeated. = They avoid quests. = They lack moral integrity. ?Which cycle of Irish mythology focuses on the heroes of Ulster? = Ulster Cycle = Mythical Cycle = Historical Cycle = Arthurian Cycle ?What is the most famous tale from the Ulster Cycle? = The Táin Bó Cúailnge = The Odyssey = The Iliad = The Aeneid ?Who is the hero known as the Hound of Ulster? = Cuchulain = Finn McCool = Beowulf = Sigurd ?What themes are emphasized in the Fenian Cycle? = Adventure and loyalty = War and conflict = Betrayal and revenge = Love and romance ?Finn McCool is known for his: = Wisdom and strength = Lack of strength = Cowardice = Indifference to nature ?What is a notable feat of Cuchulain? = Defending Ulster against Connacht = Leading a peaceful negotiation = Writing poetry = Building a city ??Which of the following is a characteristic of epic heroes? =They possess superhuman qualities. = They avoid challenges. = They are always defeated.  = They lack moral integrity. ??What is the primary focus of sagas? = Historical events and characters = Supernatural beings = Mythical creatures = Religious texts ??What is a common theme in both epics and sagas? = The exploration of fate and honor = The mundane aspects of life = The absence of conflict = The focus on everyday activities ??Which hero is associated with encounters with giants? = Finn McCool = Cuchulain = Hercules = Achilles ??What often influences the hero's journey in an epic? = Supernatural elements = Personal desires = Economic factors = Political alliances ??What is the significance of invoking the muse in an epic? = To seek inspiration for the narrative = To entertain the audience = To summarize the story = To conclude the poem ?What is "Beowulf"? = An epic poem = A historical document = A novel = A play ?In which language was "Beowulf" originally composed? = Old English = Latin = Old Norse = Middle English ?What time period is "Beowulf" believed to have been written in? = 8th to 11th centuries = 5th to 7th centuries = 12th to 14th centuries = 15th to 17th centuries ?Who is the protagonist of "Beowulf"? = Beowulf = Hrothgar = Unferth = Grendel ?What is the name of the hall built by Hrothgar? = Heorot = Hrothgar's Hall = Geatland  = Grendel's Den ?Who is Beowulf's father? = Ecgtheow = Hygelac = Hrothgar = Wiglaf ?What creature does Beowulf battle in the first part of the poem? = Grendel = A dragon = A giant = A sea monster ??What does Beowulf vow to do when he fights Grendel? = Fight with his bare hands = Use weapons = Call for reinforcements = Use magic ?What is Unferth's role in Hrothgar's court? =A challenger of Beowulf's reputation = A loyal warrior = A bard = A king ?What does Grendel symbolize in the poem? = Evil and chaos = Heroism = Loyalty  = Wisdom ?Who is the king of the Danes? = Hrothgar = Beowulf = Unferth = Hygelac ?What theme is central to "Beowulf"? = Heroism = Love and romance = Nature = Technology ???What does the battle between Beowulf and Grendel represent? = The struggle between good and evil = The struggle for power = The importance of friendship = The inevitability of fate ???What is the significance of reputation in "Beowulf"? = It is a measure of a warrior's worth = It is unimportant = It is a source of conflict = It is only relevant to kings ?Who is Wiglaf? = Beowulf's loyal warrior and companion = Beowulf's father = Hrothgar's advisor = The king of the Geats ??What does Beowulf do to Grendel during their battle? = Tears off his arm = Wounds him with a sword = Traps him in a net = Scares him away ???What does the poem explore regarding fate? = The inevitability of death = The randomness of life = The power of choice = The importance of wealth ?What is the relationship between Beowulf and Hygelac? = Uncle and nephew = Friends = Enemies = Brothers ??What does Hrothgar represent in the poem? = An ideal ruler = A foolish king = A warrior = A monster ??What is the central theme of heroism in "Beowulf"? = Bravery and honor = Cowardice = Wealth and power = Indifference ?Who represents the forces of evil in "Beowulf"? = Grendel = Iglaf = Hrothgar = Wiglaf ??What motivates Beowulf's actions throughout the poem? = Desire for glory and honor = Revenge = Wealth = Fear ??What does the theme of good vs. evil primarily illustrate? = The struggle between Beowulf and Grendel = The complexity of human nature = The importance of friendship = The inevitability of fate ?How is reputation portrayed in "Beowulf"? = As a measure of a warrior's worth = As unimportant = As a source of conflict = As a burden ?What recurring motif is explored through the characters' reflections on their lives? = Fate and destiny = Love = Wealth  = Nature ?What is the significance of loyalty in "Beowulf"? = It is a vital aspect of the warrior code = It is irrelevant = It leads to betrayal = It is only important for kings ?Which character exemplifies loyalty to Beowulf? = Wiglaf = Unferth = Hrothgar = Grendel ?What role do women play in "Beowulf"? = They serve as peace-weavers and figures of power = They are absent from the narrative = They are portrayed as villains = They are only mentioned in passing ?What is a key characteristic of Beowulf as a hero? = Bravery and strength = Indifference to danger = Greed for wealth = Cowardice ???How does Beowulf's battle with Grendel reflect the theme of good vs. evil? = It highlights the struggle between light and darkness = It shows the complexity of both characters = It emphasizes the futility of conflict = It is unrelated to the theme ?What motivates Grendel's attacks on Hrothgar's hall? = Jealousy and anger = Desire for wealth = A quest for glory = A need for companionship ?What does Beowulf's willingness to fight Grendel without weapons signify? = Confidence in his strength = Foolhardiness = A desire for glory = A lack of preparation ?What is the relationship between Beowulf and Hrothgar? =Friends = Rivals = Mentor and protégé = Enemies ??What does the theme of legacy imply about Beowulf's actions? = They are driven by a desire to be remembered = They are meaningless = They are selfish = They are irrelevant to his character ?How does the poem depict the concept of honor? = As a central value for warriors = As unimportant = As a burden  = As a source of conflict ?What does the character of Unferth represent in the poem? = Rivalry and skepticism = Loyalty = Wisdom = Courage ?What is the ultimate fate of Grendel at the end of Part I? = He is defeated by Beowulf = He escapes to safety = He becomes a hero = He is killed by Hrothgar ?What is chivalric literature primarily focused on? = The ideals of knighthood and courtly love = Economic trade = Religious doctrines = Scientific discoveries ?Who were the troubadours? = Poet-musicians from the Occitan region = Knights in armor = Kings and queens = Religious leaders ?What did troubadours contribute to European literature? = New forms of lyric poetry = Prose narratives = Historical accounts = Scientific texts ?What is the concept of courtly love? = A romantic idealization of unattainable love = Love between married couples = Love based on physical attraction = A form of arranged marriage ?What does the code of chivalry emphasize? = Bravery, honor, and loyalty = Wealth and power = Knowledge and wisdom = Political ambition ?What is a common narrative structure in chivalric literature? = The quest = The tragedy = The comedy = The biography ?What is the primary goal of a knight's quest? =To prove worth and seek glory = To accumulate wealth = To gain political power = To find a suitable marriage partner ?Which of the following is NOT a virtue associated with the code of chivalry? = Greed = Loyalty = Bravery = Honor ?How did troubadours influence European lyrics? = By using symbols, rhymes, and stanzas = By introducing prose forms = By focusing solely on historical events = By avoiding romantic themes ?What is a key characteristic of courtly love? = It emphasizes emotional and spiritual connections = It is based on physical relationships = It is only for married couples = It is a form of arranged marriage ?What role do women play in chivalric literature? = They are idealized and often unattainable = They are often portrayed as obstacles = They have no significant role = They are depicted as villains ???What is the significance of the quest in chivalric literature? = It represents the knight's journey for self-discovery and honor = It serves as a backdrop for romance = It is a means to achieve personal goals = It is irrelevant to the narrative ?Which of the following best describes the relationship between knights and their ladies in courtly love? = Idealized and often unattainable = Based on mutual consent = Based on power dynamics = Based on physical attraction ?What is one of the main themes of chivalric literature? = The pursuit of honor and glory = The struggle for power = The significance of family ties = Courtly love ?What does the term "chivalry" originally refer to? = The qualities of a knight = A type of weapon = A form of government = A type of literature ?Which of the following is a common element found in quests? = Trials and challenges = A focus on economic gain = Political intrigue = Scientific exploration ?What is the primary focus of troubadour poetry? = Courtly love and chivalric ideals = Historical events = Political issues = Religious themes ?How does chivalric literature reflect the values of medieval society? = By emphasizing honor, loyalty, and love = By promoting individualism = By focusing on material wealth = By disregarding social hierarchies ?What is a common outcome of a knight's quest in chivalric literature? = Personal growth and honor = Failure and disgrace = Wealth and power = Political influence ?Which of the following best describes the tone of chivalric literature? = Romantic and idealistic = Cynical and dark = Realistic and pragmatic = Humorous and light-hearted ?What is the Arthurian cycle primarily about? = The adventures of King Arthur and his knights = The history of England = The life of Merlin = The battles of the Roman Empire ?Which character is NOT typically associated with the Arthurian cycle? = Beowulf = Lancelot = Guinevere = Merlin ?What is the main theme of chivalric romance? = Chivalry, love, and honor = Economic prosperity  = Political power struggles = Scientific discovery ?Who is the author of "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart"? = Chrétien de Troyes = Geoffrey Chaucer = Sir Thomas Malory = Dante Alighieri ?What is the primary quest of Sir Lancelot in "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart"? = To rescue Queen Guinevere = To find the Holy Grail = To defeat King Arthur = To conquer a foreign land ?What does the term "courtly love" refer to in chivalric romance? = A romantic ideal often involving unattainable love = Love between married couples = Love based on physical attraction = A form of arranged marriage ???Which of the following is a key characteristic of chivalric romance? = Emphasis on adventure and heroism = Focus on historical accuracy = Disregard for social hierarchies = Absence of romantic elements ???What is a common outcome for knights in chivalric romances? = They often face moral dilemmas and personal conflicts = They always succeed without challenges = They are portrayed as villains = They avoid romantic relationships ?In "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart," what does Lancelot's journey symbolize? = The struggle between love and duty = The pursuit of wealth = The quest for knowledge = The importance of friendship ?Which of the following themes is NOT commonly found in chivalric romances? = Scientific exploration = Betrayal = Adventure = Courtly love ???What role does Queen Guinevere play in "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart"? = The object of Lancelot's quest and love = The main antagonist = A wise advisor to Arthur = A warrior in her own right ?What is the significance of the Holy Grail in Arthurian legend? = It symbolizes spiritual purity and divine grace = It represents wealth and power = It is a weapon used in battles = It is a throne for King Arthur ???How does "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart" contribute to the genre of courtly novels? = By establishing a model for romantic narratives = By introducing humor = By focusing solely on battles = By avoiding themes of love ?What is a defining feature of the character Lancelot? = His loyalty and bravery = His greed = His cowardice = His indifference to love ?Which of the following best describes the tone of "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart"? =Romantic and idealistic = Cynical and dark = Realistic and pragmatic = Humorous and light-hearted ?What does the character of Merlin represent in Arthurian literature? = Wisdom and magical power = The embodiment of evil = A simple knight = A rival to Arthur ?What is the relationship between Lancelot and King Arthur in the narrative? = Lancelot is Arthur's loyal knight and friend = They are enemies = They are rivals for Guinevere's affection = They have no significant relationship ?What does the term "romance" refer to in the context of chivalric literature? = A narrative that explores love and adventure = A focus on economic transactions = A historical account = A scientific treatise ???What impact did "Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart" have on later literature? = It influenced the portrayal of romantic relationships in literature = It was largely forgotten = It discouraged the writing of romances = It focused solely on historical events ???What is the primary focus of the lecture on King Arthur and his Knights? = The connection between Arthurian legends and Christian fiction = The historical accuracy of Arthurian legends = The military strategies of King Arthur = The geography of Camelot ???Which work is specifically mentioned as exploring the motif of the Holy Grail? = Perceval, or the Tale of the Grail = Sir Gawain and the Green Knight = Lancelot, or the Knight of the Cart = The Morte d'Arthur ??What does the Holy Grail symbolize in Arthurian legends? = Spiritual purity and divine grace = Wealth and power = Military victory = Romantic love ?Who is the main character in "Perceval, or the Tale of the Grail"? = Sir Percival = Sir Gawain = Sir Lancelot = Sir Galahad ?What is the central theme of "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"? = The importance of chivalry and honor = The quest for wealth = The rivalry between knights = The history of Camelot ?Which knight is known for his quest for the Holy Grail and is often depicted as the purest of Arthur's knights? = Sir Galahad = Sir Lancelot = Sir Bors = Sir Percival ?What event signifies the breaking of the Round Table? = The betrayal of Lancelot = The death of King Arthur = The quest for the Holy Grail = The arrival of the Green Knight ???What is the significance of the Round Table in Arthurian legend? = It symbolizes equality among the knights = It represents the wealth of Camelot = It is a place for battles = It is a throne for King Arthur ?Which knight is known for his strong moral character and is often associated with the quest for the Holy Grail? = Sir Bors - = Sir Gawain = Sir Lancelot = Sir Percival ??What does the quest for the Holy Grail represent in the context of Arthurian legends? = The search for spiritual enlightenment = The pursuit of material wealth = The desire for political power = The quest for revenge ?In "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," what challenge does Gawain face? = A test of his bravery and honor = A battle against a dragon = A quest for the Holy Grail = A rivalry with Lancelot ?What ultimately happens to King Arthur at the end of the legends? = He is mortally wounded and taken to Avalon = He conquers all his enemies = He is betrayed by his knights = He becomes a hermit ?Which knight is often depicted as the greatest warrior of the Round Table but also faces moral dilemmas? = Sir Lancelot = Sir Percival = Sir Galahad = Sir Bors ??What is the primary lesson learned by Sir Gawain in his encounter with the Green Knight? = The value of honesty and integrity = The importance of wealth = The need for revenge = The significance of loyalty ??What does the Green Knight represent in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"? =Nature and the supernatural = Wealth and power = Betrayal and deceit = Honor and chivalry ?Which knight is known for his unwavering faith and purity in the quest for the Holy Grail? = Sir Galahad = Sir Gawain = Sir Lancelot = Sir Percival ???What is the significance of the quest for the Holy Grail in Christian fiction? = It symbolizes the search for divine grace and redemption = It represents the pursuit of earthly power = It is a tale of romantic love = It focuses on military conquests ??What event leads to the downfall of Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table? = The betrayal of Lancelot and Guinevere = The quest for the Holy Grail = The arrival of the Green Knight = The death of Merlin ???What does the term "chivalry" refer to in the context of Arthurian legends? = A code of conduct for knights emphasizing bravery, honor, and respect for women = A form of government = A type of weapon used in battles = A style of clothing worn by knights ??What is the ultimate fate of the Round Table? = It is broken due to betrayal and conflict = It is destroyed in battle = It is abandoned by the knights = It is transformed into a throne ??What is the primary focus of the lecture on Dante Alighieri? = The life and works of Dante Alighieri = The political history of Italy = The influence of the Renaissance on art = The development of medieval philosophy ??In which period did Dante Alighieri live and write? = The Pre-Renaissance Period = The Classical Period = The Enlightenment = The Baroque Period ???What significant contribution did Dante make to the Italian language? =He popularized the use of the Tuscan dialect = He wrote exclusively in Latin = He created a new alphabet = He translated works into Italian ??Which of the following is one of Dante's major works? = The Divine Comedy = The Decameron = The Aeneid = The Arthur ???What does the title "The Divine Comedy" suggest about the work? = It is a serious exploration of the afterlife = It is a tragic story = It is a humorous tale = It is a historical account ?What genre does "The Divine Comedy" primarily belong to? = Epic poetry = Lyric poetry = Drama = Prose ??How is "The Divine Comedy" structured? = It consists of three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso = It is a single continuous narrative = It is divided into five acts = It is a collection of short stories ??What is the primary theme of "The Divine Comedy"? = The journey of the soul towards God = The pursuit of love = The history of Rome = The nature of evil ??Which literary device is prominently used in "The Divine Comedy"? = Allegory = Metaphor = Simile = Alliteration ???What is the significance of Dante's use of the Tuscan dialect in his works? = It helped establish Italian as a literary language = It made his works less accessible = It was a personal preference = It was a political statement ??In which historical context did Dante write "The Divine Comedy"? = During the Middle Ages = During the Roman Empire = During the Renaissance = During the Enlightenment ??What artistic originality is found in "The Divine Comedy"? =Its innovative narrative style and vivid imagery = Its use of classical forms = Its focus on historical events = Its reliance on oral tradition ??What role does Virgil play in "The Divine Comedy"? = He serves as Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory = He is Dante's enemy = He is a character in the story = He represents divine wisdom ???What is the ultimate goal of Dante's journey in "The Divine Comedy"? = To achieve salvation and union with God = To find his lost love = To gain political power = To explore the afterlife ??Which of the following best describes the tone of "The Divine Comedy"? = Solemn and reflective = Light-hearted and humorous = Angry and confrontational = Joyful and celebratory ???What is the significance of the number three in "The Divine Comedy"? = It symbolizes the Holy Trinity = It represents the three main characters = It indicates the three parts of the poem = It is a random choice ???How does Dante's work reflect the values of the Pre-Renaissance period? = It emphasizes individualism and humanism = It focuses solely on religious themes = It ignores classical influences = It promotes feudal loyalty ??What is the role of Beatrice in "The Divine Comedy"? = She represents divine love and grace = She is Dante's guide through Hell = She is a historical figure = She is a symbol of earthly desires ???Which of the following best describes the impact of "The Divine Comedy" on literature? = It established a new standard for narrative poetry = It had little influence on later works = It was quickly forgotten = It only influenced Italian literature ??What is one of the main criticisms Dante addresses in "The Divine Comedy"? = The corruption of the church = The decline of the Roman Empire = The nature of love = The role of women in society ??In which literary work is "Inferno" found? = The Divine Comedy = The Canterbury Tales = The Decameron = The Aeneid ?What is the primary setting of "Inferno"? = Hell = Heaven = Earth = Purgatory ???What is the structure of "Inferno"? = It is divided into three parts: Cantos = It is a single continuous narrative = It consists of five acts = It is a collection of short stories ?Who guides Dante through Hell in "Inferno"? = Virgil = Beatrice = St. Peter = Dante's father ??What is the significance of the character Virgil in "Inferno"? = He symbolizes human reason and wisdom = He represents divine love = He is a historical figure = He is Dante's enemy ??What does the term "symbolism" refer to in the context of "Inferno"? = The use of characters to represent abstract ideas = The literal meaning of the text = The historical context of the poem = The rhyme scheme used ??Which of the following is a major theme in "Inferno"? = The nature of sin and its consequences = The pursuit of love = The beauty of nature = The importance of friendship