Musculoskeletal Conditions PDF

Musculoskeletal Conditions OV/OB: overweight and obesity rheumatic conditions: autoimmune or inflammatory diseases immune system attacks joints osteoarthritis is the wearing away of cartilage that caps the bones of the joints boney growth develop at the ends of the bone t...

Musculoskeletal Conditions OV/OB: overweight and obesity rheumatic conditions: autoimmune or inflammatory diseases immune system attacks joints osteoarthritis is the wearing away of cartilage that caps the bones of the joints boney growth develop at the ends of the bone this and cartilage can chip away and float around causing an immune response bones most affected by osteoarthritis are: cervical and lumbar vertebrae (back) hip knee joints in hand that are closest to finger tip (distal joints) physiotherapy is more massages and hands on PT is more direct self exercise OT: occupational therapy less common than osteoarthritis more debilitating and visual RA increases the risk for CVD and developing depression RA patients suffer from co-morbid skin conditions in regard to: lung heart blood vessel treatment includes pain management and swelling management lower high glycemic foods (readily absorbed foods) high GI foods are generally pro-inflammatory foods in the Mediterranean diet are anti-inflammatory DHA and EPA monounsaturated fatty acids, extra virgin olive oil (oleocanthal) workouts should be introduced gradually and can be done using warm water to reduce flare-ups  wrist usually happens from falling by trying to catch themselves falls cause 90% of all osteoporosis hip fractures in the US 90% of people suffering from osteoporosis are female, 10% are male 1/4 at the age of 50 will have a bone fracture due to osteoporosis not impact trauma, just bone crushing overtime National Osteoporosis Foundation believe that 54% of all adults (64 million) over the age of 50 have osteopenia or osteoprosis estrogen plays a big role in bone density for women Diagnosing Osteopenia and Osteoporosis  Low bone density osteopenia: impaired bone mineral density Osteoporosis: severe bone mineral density loss This test can also compare people to their age matched adults (Z-score) T score is still the one used to diagnose conditions Bone Conditions: Osteoporosis Top Sites  trabecular or spongey portion of the bone is effected first by osteoporosis also most susceptible to declines in estrogen "inner walls" fail before the outer walls of the bone kyphosis is generally seen in older women and Asian/Caucasian descent Bone COnditions: Osteoporosis Top Sites Cortical also stands for compact Bone Remodeling and Bone Balance  Two parts of bone remodeling or turnover include Bone resorption: the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood. Bone formation: osteoblasts go fill in the bone matrix naturally where osteoclasts have chewed it up During adulthood, we balance between these two processes As we age, we start to tip towards bone resorption osteoblasts become less active Peak Bone Density -PBD: Peak Bone Density Two main minerals related to bone mineral matrix or hydroxyapatite calcium phosphorus (tends to not be deficient) Loss Phase: menopause strikes women perimenopause happens during early forties menopause happens around 51 andropause and loss of testosterone can also strike in 40's Age, diet, physical activity, and hormones affect peak bone density Estrogen is inhibits bone resorption 1000 milligrams for younger individuals and 1200 for those at perimenopause and menopause Supplements can act as a safety net but look to make your diet optimal as possible vitamin D has been fortified into milk since the 1930's richest non supplemental source of vitamin D is fish since 1970's: milk displacement or Americans are not drinking as much milk as they used to. milk intake has dropped by 48%  bioavailability: ability for absorption problem with calcium is plants is that calcium gets bound up in phytates and oxalates lowering calcium absorption exceptions are broccoli and kale fortified milk alternatives are "hyper-fortified" to match milk's nutrients Bone, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors  Glucocorticoids (steroids High protein diets increase urinary output of calcium and can be problematic if calcium is already low low protein is bad regardless of calcium intake alcohol can lower bone density if in excess 2 drinks/day for women 3 drinks/day for omen caffeine can impair bone density if caffeine intake is chronically high All of these factors contribute to about 20-40% of peak bone density Lower Back Pain acute causes are often trauma related: injuries severe for a few days improve significantly within two to four weeks Chronic is when spine becomes overly compressed or strained Disk Rupture can put pressure on the spine and nerves more than 50 nerves in the spine related to spinal stenosis osteoporosis fractures spinal degeneration scolosis kyphosis lordosis 80% of adults will experience lower back pain 1/4 adults suffer from chronic lower back pain number one suffers of lower back pain are 45-65 YOA 12-23% of women 40-80 YOA will suffer globally