Muscles Part A 2024-25 PDF

movement with cells Cytoskeleton) Motor Proteins Cell Skeletonmade up of -microtubules (made up of actin proteins -microfilaments...

movement with cells Cytoskeleton) Motor Proteins Cell Skeletonmade up of -microtubules (made up of actin proteins -microfilaments motion Cellular a achieve morent Three ways organisms microfilament (polymers 2 reorganize atusceleton - N reorganize around cell > motor protein (walkalong microtubules carrying things - 2. Kinesin , carrying cargo ex myosin 3 on elements incytoskeleton (done by motor proteins)  motor proten &Kinesin carnes to carrgo mitC motor protem (Dynein)-scarries carry back Kinesums a adverse go &we're focusing on this musdemyosin  of Att sequence Singlechain most myoso exist as 115U) asa myosin pair looped together  as a cimer exists myosue and interacts with ATP (the regulatory The head group has binding sites bundungsets) good 5. A day in the life of a motor protein… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMKlPDBRJ1E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-uuk4Pr2i8 Organization of Muscle  muscles attach to bone with tendom brue attack to bore with ligament wraps all the fascicle I ↳ wraps muscle fubres bundles. With perimysium at cellular level the muscle cell is amuscle fibres/cells)  a ~ namememor muscle alls has Lots of nuclei ,during developments they fusetogether and make the myofibril Cryony  voluntary control muscle actuated by ach Skeletal (Striated) Muscle Tissue the same both muscles have muscle contraction tim agus Thedifferensmorganc , intensive, stmach small control These aren't under voluntary inecontraction is controlledinvoluntary Smooth normonal's neuromodulatory control Muscle Tissue ,  mechanism sameantraction ↓ they exitibit Cardiac Muscle Tissue a lot of electricalling Cactin-myssin interactur 24 : the heart muscles contraction  Skeletal muscle Cstriatal) recognized by The blue nuclei visible in the is image e. staining,there is 7 musclea lot of nuclei for transcription of efficient cellular cells need a Protein productur arranged endend muscle fore is comprised of sarcomeres The Sarcomere  * important make alway Cacting Cmade of myosin)Goodual myosin molecule ↓ sarcomere-functional unitof muscle contraction The tit protei stabilize the myosm moleales; nebula stabilize activ filaments Tropomodulin stopsde polymerication of activ The space between mysosin molecule is known as I band (Isotropic, Aband Cinteracts s retracts light) - corresponds with region where we find myosin , mband middle portunes the  longditudinal image Cross sectio image packed nexagonally The free muscle contracts is directionally Proportinal to the of myosm thre filament is surrounded Every with 6 thin filament how is sarcomere shortened - big The myosinflament blob is the adin are and the small ones filament G This - is arranged in an organized structure nexagonal nexagonally arranged ! Ttubules areanducture for AP into the muscle fibre Cyella) sarcoplasmicmeticulumholds i store cate intracellularly blue mesh) Sliding Filament Theory sliding filament Theory 1954 May whachis what interference contrast microscopy huxicy the made contraction of action's mysosm ofthe he used to observe the live muscle. Hugh Huxley Rolf Niedergerke Andrew Fieldling Huxley Jean Hanson Cambridge, Trinity College  sarcomere pulledrefar sarcovere umpresseding sitedfurcoduct a  sliding filament thang predictions proportunally actions myos generated isdependent on the force of The furce , ame from atum free is generated because of cross bridge Thick filament molecule each head Goo myosm , 300 ar groups head xmyar - ⑭ Tropon is a trimer ThI , TnC TnT bund from calcium can calcmm Tropoma needs banding. 2 to reveal the intervening - cast bunding site - Tropomyosin ↳  doesn't At rest: Tropomyosin : blocks binding sites so head youp actin filament make annectio with the tin there catt Triggers for muscle contractionwhen Troponini combine. starts to ! cast concentraction increase Step 1: Active Site Exposure Increase in Catt G Ca++ binds to troponin which causes the troponin-tropomyosin complex to move away from the active sites on the actin molecules. cat X- sites revealed bindingAip are > s bads.. on the head group is cleared - myosin head group ispumed  Step 2: Cross-bridge Attachment muscleantractor role of tip for provides energy - without ATP In the myoplasm , the myosm head group won't detach from activ folament - ATP is needed for muscle - relaxing > stiffering - ICrigamotous body ofdead a For detaching muscle rotated around the se fulament Myosin cross-bridges bind to the exposed active sites on the actin molecules. Step 3: Pivoting theApptp - releasing to its causes it change shape The myosin head pivots toward the centre of the sarcomere. Energy stored in the myosin molecule is used. ADP and a phosphate group are released. Step 4: Cross-bridge Detachment Myosin stays bound to the active site on the actin molecules until ATP binds to the myosin head group. Step 5: Myosin Reactivation Activation occurs as the myosin head splits ATP into ADP and a phosphate group. The energy released in the reaction is stored in the myosin molecule until an active site is freed on the actin chain. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ309LfHQ3M  catt experiment y Yangle Libre unit [ca ) ++ #] CATP) for muscle contractur need catt's ATP individually went suffice both having · -------max force of contraction time u ATP ↑ ca ↓ removed by keylating  # zoanm ot calciumcncentrata Glute > - ancentratio To regulate musde tensimina muscletibre , is by regulating cast intake at the fibre level gar Santa a